树莓派镜像制作

挂载树莓派镜像

fdisk -lu 20170507.img 可查看扇区信息 62914560=扇区大小*主分区起始扇区

sudo mount -t ext4 -o loop,offset=272629760 backup_20200306154105.img root

sudo mount -t vfat -o loop,offset=4194304 Raspberry1080_20191022.img /mnt/rasp/

备份脚本：

#!/bin/bash
# This script is used for backup raspberry pi image.
# The default path is /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb2.
# Don't connect PC two discks in the same time.
####################################

#set -e 
####################################
# usage for script
####################################
function usage {
    echo "usage: -s :start backup image"
    echo "       -i [filename] :specify the exis image file"
}

####################################
# create image
####################################
function createImage {
    echo "1.Creating Image ..."
    BOOT_DEV='/dev/sdb1'
    ROOT_DEV='/dev/sdb2'
    TIME=`date "+%Y%m%d%H%M%S"`
    BOOT_SIZE=`sudo df -P | grep $BOOT_DEV | awk '{print $3}'`
    ROOT_SIZE=`sudo df -P | grep $ROOT_DEV | awk '{print $3}'`
    echo "[createImage] BOOT_DEV="$BOOT_DEV
    echo "[createImage] ROOT_DEV="$ROOT_DEV
    echo "[createImage] TIME="$TIME
    echo "[createImage] BOOT_SIZE="$BOOT_SIZE
    echo "[createImage] ROOT_SIZE="$ROOT_SIZE


    if [ $# -eq 0 ];then
        FILE=backup_$TIME.img
        SIZE=`echo $BOOT_SIZE $ROOT_SIZE | awk '{print int(($1+$2)*1.1/1024)}'`
        echo "[createImage] FILE="$FILE
        echo "[createImage] SIZE="$SIZE
        dd if=/dev/zero of=$FILE bs=1M count=$SIZE
        echo "Create done."
    else
        FILE=$1
        echo "skip create Image."
    fi

    echo
}

####################################
# mount source file
####################################
function mountSrcFile {
    echo "2.Mount source boot and root"
    mkdir src_boot src_root
    MY_UID=$(whoami)
    sudo mount -t vfat -o uid=$MY_UID,gid=$MY_UID,umask=0000 $BOOT_DEV ./src_boot
    sudo mount -t ext4 $ROOT_DEV ./src_root
    echo "Mount done."
    echo
}

####################################
# Part Image
####################################
function partImage {
    echo "3.Part Image ..."
    BOOT_START=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb|grep $BOOT_DEV | awk '{print $2}'`
    BOOT_END=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb|grep $BOOT_DEV | awk '{print $3}'`
    ROOT_START=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb|grep $ROOT_DEV | awk '{print $2}'`
    parted $FILE --script -- mklabel msdos
    parted $FILE --script -- mkpart primary fat32 ${BOOT_START}s ${BOOT_END}s
    parted $FILE --script -- mkpart primary ext4 ${ROOT_START}s -1
    parted $FILE --script -- quit
    echo "Part done."
    echo
}

####################################
# mount target file
####################################
function mountTgtFile {
    DEBUG_MKFS="[mkfs]"
    echo "4.Mount target boot and root"
    LOOP_DEVICE=`sudo losetup -f --show $FILE`
    echo $DEBUG_MKFS"LOOP_DEVICE:"$LOOP_DEVICE
    PART_BOOT="/dev/mapper/"`sudo kpartx -va $LOOP_DEVICE | awk '/p1/{print $3}' | head -1`
    PART_ROOT="/dev/mapper/"`sudo kpartx -va $LOOP_DEVICE | awk '/p2/{print $3}' | head -1`
    echo $DEBUG_MKFS"PART_BOOT:"$PART_BOOT
    echo $DEBUG_MKFS"PART_ROOT:"$PART_ROOT
    echo $DEBUG_MKFS"wait loop device creating ..."
    sleep 5
    sudo mkfs.vfat -n boot $PART_BOOT
    sudo mkfs.ext4 -L root $PART_ROOT
    mkdir tgt_boot tgt_root

    IMG_BOOT_OFF=$BOOT_START*512
    IMG_ROOT_OFF=$ROOT_START*512
    sudo mount -t vfat -o loop $PART_BOOT ./tgt_boot
    sudo mount -t ext4 -o loop $PART_ROOT ./tgt_root
    echo "Mount target file done."
    echo
}

####################################
# backup boot directory
####################################
function backupBootDir {
    echo "5.backuping boot ..."
    sudo cp -rfp ./src_boot/* ./tgt_boot/
    echo "backuping boot done."
    echo
}

####################################
# backup root directory
####################################
function backupRootDir {
    echo "6.backuping root ... "$(date)
    cd src_root/
#    sudo tar pcf ../rootbak.tar .
    echo "zip root directory done."
    echo 
    cd ../tgt_root/
    sudo tar pxf ../rootbak.tar
    echo "unzip root directory done."
#    rm -rf ../rootbak.tar
    cd ..
    echo "backuping done. "$(date)
    echo
}

####################################
# exit backup
####################################
function exitingBackup {
    echo "7.exiting backup ..."
    sudo umount src_boot src_root tgt_boot tgt_root
    echo "wait for umount ..."
    sleep 2
    rm -rf src_boot src_root tgt_boot tgt_root
    sudo kpartx -d $LOOP_DEVICE
    echo "wait for kpartx -d ..."
    sleep 2
    sudo losetup -d $LOOP_DEVICE
    echo "exit backup done."
    echo
}


####################################
# start script
####################################
if [ $# -eq 0 ];then
    usage
    exit 0
fi

while getopts :si: opt
do
    case "$opt" in
    s)     echo "####################################"
        echo "# Now start backup Image           #"    
        echo "####################################"
        createImage
        mountSrcFile
        partImage
        mountTgtFile
        backupBootDir
        backupRootDir
        exitingBackup
        exit 0;;
    i)     echo "####################################"
        echo "# Now start backup Image           #"    
        echo "####################################"
        if [ ! -f $OPTARG ];then
            echo "FILE '$OPTARG' is not a file"
            exit 1
        fi
        createImage $OPTARG
        mountSrcFile
        partImage
        mountTgtFile
        backupBootDir
        backupRootDir
        exitingBackup
        exit 0;;
    *)    echo "Not found option $opt"
        usage
        exit 0;;
    esac
done

echo "Maybe the script make a fault"

备份脚本

启动修改，第一次启动扩容sd卡：

#!/bin/bash
# This script is for resize the disk, when first run pi.
# And add auto check Client file every time.
##################################

##################################
#check if input image file name
##################################
function checkInput {
    if [ ! -n "$1" ] ;then
        echo "you have not input a file!"
        exit
    fi
    FILE=$1
}

##################################
#mount image boot part
##################################
function mountImageBoot {
    echo "check image file ..."
    if [ ! -f $FILE ];then
        echo "$FILE is not exsited."
        exit
    fi
    BOOT_START=`sudo fdisk -l $FILE|grep "FAT32"|awk '{print $2}'`
    BOOT_START=$[ $BOOT_START * 512 ]
    echo "BOOT_START:"$BOOT_START
    sudo mkdir fix_boot
    echo "mount boot part"
    sudo mount -t vfat -o loop,offset=$BOOT_START $FILE fix_boot
}

##################################
#mount image root part
##################################
function mountImageRoot {
    echo "check image file ..."
    if [ ! -f $FILE ];then
        echo "$FILE is not exsited."
        exit
    fi
    ROOT_START=`sudo fdisk -l $FILE|grep "Linux"|awk '{print $2}'`
    ROOT_START=$[ $ROOT_START * 512 ]
    echo "BOOT_START:"$BOOT_START
    sudo mkdir fix_root
    sudo chmod 777 fix_root
    echo "mount root part"
    sudo mount -t ext4 -o loop,offset=${ROOT_START} ${FILE} fix_root
}

##################################
#fix image start
##################################
function fixImageStart {
    echo "fix image start ..."
    if [ ! -f $FILE ]
    then
        echo "$FILE is not exsited."
        exit
    fi

    BOOT_START=`sudo fdisk -l $FILE|grep "FAT32"|awk '{print $2}'`
    ROOT_START=`sudo fdisk -l $FILE|grep "Linux"|awk '{print $2}'`
    BOOT_START=$[ $BOOT_START * 512 ]
    ROOT_START=$[ $ROOT_START * 512 ]
    echo "BOOT_START:"$BOOT_START
    echo "ROOT_START:"$ROOT_START
    sudo mkdir fix_root fix_boot
    sudo chmod 777 fix_root
    sudo umount fix_boot fix_root

    echo "[fix image] mount image ..."
    sudo mount -t ext4 -o loop,offset=${ROOT_START} ${FILE} fix_root
    sudo mount -t vfat -o loop,offset=$BOOT_START $FILE fix_boot
    echo "fixImageStart done"
    echo
}

##################################
#fix PARTUUID in root/etc/fstab
##################################
function fixPARTUUID {
    echo "fix PARTUUID in /etc/fstab"
    FSTAB_FILE="fix_root/etc/fstab"
    if [ ! -f $FSTAB_FILE ];then
        echo "${FSTAB_FILE} not exist"
        exit
    fi


    NEW_PARTUUID=`sudo fdisk -l $FILE|sed -n 6p|sed 's/0x/ /' |awk '{print $2}'`
    OLD_PARTUUID=`awk '/PARTUUID=[a-zA-Z 0-9]/&&/ext4/{print $1}' $FSTAB_FILE | sed 's/PARTUUID=//;s/-02//'`
    echo "NEW_PARTUUID:"$NEW_PARTUUID
    echo "OLD_PARTUUID:"$OLD_PARTUUID

    if [ -z $NEW_PARTUUID ]
    then
        echo "[ERROR]:NEW_PARTUUID is empty"
        sudo umount fix_root fix_boot
        exit
    fi

    if [ -z $OLD_PARTUUID ]
    then
        echo "OLD_PARTUUID is empty, deal with ..."
        sudo sed -i "s/PARTUUID=/PARTUUID=$NEW_PARTUUID/g" $FSTAB_FILE
    else
        sudo sed -i "s/$OLD_PARTUUID/$NEW_PARTUUID/g" $FSTAB_FILE
        echo "fix PARTUUID done."
    fi
    echo "fixPARTUUID done."
    echo
}

##################################
#add init_resize.sh in cmdline.txt
##################################
function addInitResize {
    CMDLINE_FILE="./fix_boot/cmdline.txt"
    echo "add init_resize.sh in cmdline.txt"
    if [ "`grep "init_resize.sh" $CMDLINE_FILE`" ]
    then
        echo "Exist init_resize.sh"
    else
        echo "Not exist init_resize.sh"
        sudo sed -i "1 s/$/& init=\/usr\/lib\/raspi-config\/init_resize.sh/" $CMDLINE_FILE
        echo "add init_resize.sh done."
    fi

    echo "fix image done."
    echo
}

##################################
#add resize space script
##################################
function addFreeSpace {
    ROOT_DIR=./fix_root
    RESIZE_DIR=./fix_root/usr/local/soonsolid
    RESIZE_FILE="resize2fs_once"

    #set directory exsit
    if [ ! -d $RESIZE_DIR ];then
        echo "[addFreeSpace] create soonsolid directory"
        sudo mkdir -p $RESIZE_DIR
    fi    
    #add boot file in rc.local
    sudo sed -i '/^exit 0$/iexec \/usr\/local\/soonsolid\/resize2fs_once' $ROOT_DIR/etc/rc.local

    sudo touch $RESIZE_DIR"/"$RESIZE_FILE
    echo "[addFreeSpace] write resize file:"
    sudo cat <<EOF | sudo tee $RESIZE_DIR/$RESIZE_FILE
#!/bin/sh
ROOT_PART=\$( mount | sed -n 's|^/dev/\(.*\) on / .*|\1|p')
resize2fs /dev/\$ROOT_PART
#remove boot file in rc.local
sed -i '/resize2fs_once/d' /etc/rc.local
reboot
EOF
    sudo chmod 777 $RESIZE_DIR/$RESIZE_FILE
    echo "[addFreeSpace] write resize done."
    echo "addFreeSapce done"
    echo
}

##################################
#add check file
##################################
function addCheckClientExist {
    CHECK_FILE=./check_SliceImageClient
    CHECK_LOG_FILE=$RESIZE_DIR/checklog
    CHECK_DIR=$RESIZE_DIR
    SLICEIMAGECLIENT_FILE=./fix_root/home/pi/SliceImageClient_update
    BACKUP_NAME="SliceImageClient_backup"

    echo "add check client script ..."
    #copy check file to /usr/local/soonsolid
    if [ -d $CHECK_DIR ];then
        sudo mkdir -p $CHECK_DIR
    fi
    sudo chmod 755 $CHECK_FILE
    sudo cp $CHECK_FILE $CHECK_DIR 

    #add auto run to rc.local
    grep "check_SliceImageClient" $ROOT_DIR/etc/rc.local
       if [ $? != "0" ];then
        sudo sed -i '/^exit 0$/iexec \/usr\/local\/soonsolid\/check_SliceImageClient &' $ROOT_DIR/etc/rc.local
    fi

    #copy SliceImageClient file to soonsolid for backup
    sudo cp $SLICEIMAGECLIENT_FILE $CHECK_DIR/$BACKUP_NAME

    #remove log file
    if [ -f $CHECK_LOG_FILE ];then
        sudo rm $CHECK_LOG_FILE
    fi

    echo "add script done."
    echo
}

##################################
#clean log file 
##################################
function cleanlogfile {
    echo "clean log file ..."
    LOGFILE_PATH=$ROOT_DIR/home/pi/SoonSolid
    LOGFILE_NAME=logFile
    #remove log file
    if [ -f $LOGFILE_PATH/$LOGFILE_NAME ];then
        sudo rm $LOGFILE_PATH/$LOGFILE_NAME
    fi
    echo "clean log file done."
    echo
}

##################################
#clean boot ...
##################################
function cleanBoot {
    echo "clean boot ..."
    sudo umount fix_boot
    echo "wait for umounting boot ..."
    sleep 2
    sudo rmdir fix_boot
    echo
}

##################################
#clean root ...
##################################
function cleanRoot {
    echo "clean root ..."
    sudo umount fix_root
    echo "wait for umounting root ..."
    sleep 2
    sudo rmdir fix_root
    echo
}

##################################
#clean fix ...
##################################
function exitFix {
    echo "clean fix ..."
    sudo umount fix_root fix_boot
    echo "wait for umounting ..."
    sleep 5
    sudo rmdir fix_root fix_boot
    echo "clean fix done."
    echo
}

checkInput $1
mountImageRoot
fixPARTUUID
addFreeSpace
addCheckClientExist
cleanlogfile
cleanRoot

制作镜像

树莓派中的rasp-config的镜像扩容函数：

#!/bin/bash

  ROOT_PART=$(mount | sed -n 's|^/dev/\(.*\) on / .*|\1|p')

  PART_NUM=${ROOT_PART#mmcblk0p}
  if [ "$PART_NUM" = "$ROOT_PART" ]; then
    whiptail --msgbox "$ROOT_PART is not an SD card. Don't know how to expand" 20 60 2
    return 0
  fi

  # NOTE: the NOOBS partition layout confuses parted. For now, let's only 
  # agree to work with a sufficiently simple partition layout
  if [ "$PART_NUM" -ne 2 ]; then
    whiptail --msgbox "Your partition layout is not currently supported by this tool. You are probably using NOOBS, in which case your root filesystem is already expanded anyway." 20 60 2
    return 0
  fi

  LAST_PART_NUM=$(parted /dev/mmcblk0 -ms unit s p | tail -n 1 | cut -f 1 -d:)
  if [ $LAST_PART_NUM -ne $PART_NUM ]; then
    whiptail --msgbox "$ROOT_PART is not the last partition. Don't know how to expand" 20 60 2
    return 0
  fi

  # Get the starting offset of the root partition
  PART_START=$(parted /dev/mmcblk0 -ms unit s p | grep "^${PART_NUM}" | cut -f 2 -d: | sed 's/[^0-9]//g')
  [ "$PART_START" ] || return 1
echo "PART_NUM:"$PART_NUM
echo "PART_START:"$PART_START
  # Return value will likely be error for fdisk as it fails to reload the
  # partition table because the root fs is mounted
  fdisk /dev/mmcblk0 <<EOF
p
d
$PART_NUM
n
p
$PART_NUM
$PART_START

p
w
EOF
  ASK_TO_REBOOT=1

  # now set up an init.d script
cat <<EOF > /etc/init.d/resize2fs_once &&
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          resize2fs_once
# Required-Start:
# Required-Stop:
# Default-Start: 3
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: Resize the root filesystem to fill partition
# Description:
### END INIT INFO
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
case "\$1" in
  start)
    log_daemon_msg "Starting resize2fs_once" &&
    resize2fs /dev/$ROOT_PART &&
    update-rc.d resize2fs_once remove &&
    rm /etc/init.d/resize2fs_once &&
    log_end_msg \$?
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: \$0 start" >&2
    exit 3
    ;;
esac
EOF
  chmod +x /etc/init.d/resize2fs_once &&
  update-rc.d resize2fs_once defaults &&
  if [ "$INTERACTIVE" = True ]; then
    whiptail --msgbox "Root partition has been resized.\nThe filesystem will be enlarged upon the next reboot" 20 60 2
  fi

#remove boot file in rc.local
sed -i '/resize2fs_once/d' /etc/rc.local
reboot

扩容函数

A start job is running for Raise network interface（5min 13s ）问题解决方法

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Pipcie/article/details/79504764
我在笔记本电脑上安装了Ubuntu 16.04，当我有局域网连接时，启动ubuntu是很快的，当LAN电缆断开时，需要大约5分钟才能获得登录屏幕，这个实在是无法忍受。
我的推测，且不一定准确
我是通过Ubunut server安装的系统，安装时候链接了网络。所以系统被自动设置成连接到路由器自动通过DHCP获取ip地址完成上网。但是由于以太网电缆断开连接，所以无法完成任务。所以，它一次又一次地尝试，尝试的时间为5分钟。

进入系统后修改文件/etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/networking.service
命令：sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/networking.service
将里面的TimeoutStartSec=5min 修改为TimeoutStartSec=2sec
然后重启系统，就可以生效了，开机速度很快。

posted @ 2018-12-19 22:53 习惯就好233 阅读(1083) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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树莓派镜像制作

挂载树莓派镜像

A start job is running for Raise network interface（5min 13s ）问题解决方法

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