You are given a string, S, and a list of words, L, that are all of the same length. Find all starting indices of substring(s) in S that is a concatenation of each word in L exactly once and without any intervening characters.

For example, given:
S: "barfoothefoobarman"
L: ["foo", "bar"]

You should return the indices: [0,9].
(order does not matter).

 

原题链接:  http://oj.leetcode.com/problems/substring-with-concatenation-of-all-words/  

这道题看似比较复杂,其实思路和 Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 差不多。因为那些单词是定长的,所以本质上和单一个字符一样。和 Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 的区别只在于我们需要维护一个字典,然后保证目前的串包含字典里面的单词有且仅有一次。思路仍然是维护一个窗口,如果当前单词在字典 中,则继续移动窗口右端,否则窗口左端可以跳到字符串下一个单词了。假设源字符串的长度为n,字典中单词的长度为l。因为不是一个字符,所以我们需要对源 字符串所有长度为l的子串进行判断。做法是i从0到l-1个字符开始,得到开始index分别为i, i+l, i+2*l, ...的长度为l的单词。这样就可以保证判断到所有的满足条件的串。因为每次扫描的时间复杂度是O(2*n/l)(每个单词不会被访问多于两次,一次是窗 口右端,一次是窗口左端),总共扫描l次(i=0, ..., l-1),所以总复杂度是O(2*n/l*l)=O(n),是一个线性算法。空间复杂度是字典的大小,即O(m*l),其中m是字典的单词数量。代码如 下:

public ArrayList findSubstring(String S, String[] L) {
    ArrayList res = new ArrayList();
    if(S==null || S.length()==0 || L==null || L.length==0)
        return res;
    HashMap map = new HashMap();
    for(int i=0;i curMap = new HashMap();
        int count = 0;
        int left = i;
        for(int j=i;j<=S.length()-L[0].length();j+=L[0].length())
        {
            String str = S.substring(j,j+L[0].length());
            
            if(map.containsKey(str))
            {
                if(curMap.containsKey(str))
                    curMap.put(str,curMap.get(str)+1);
                else
                    curMap.put(str,1);
                if(curMap.get(str)<=map.get(str))
                    count++;
                else
                {
                    while(curMap.get(str)>map.get(str))
                    {
                        String temp = S.substring(left,left+L[0].length());
                        curMap.put(temp,curMap.get(temp)-1);
                        if(curMap.get(temp)
  这种移动窗口的方法在字符串处理的问题中非常常见,是一种可以把时间复杂度降低到线性的有效算法,大家可以熟悉一下。还有非常类似的题目
  Minimum Window Substring
  ,思路完全一样,只是移动窗口的规则稍微不同而已。
  

    vector<int> findSubstring(string S, vector<string> &L) {  
            // Note: The Solution object is instantiated only once.  
            map<string,int> words;  
            map<string,int> cur;  
            int wordNum = L.size();  
            for(int i = 0; i < wordNum; i++)  
                words[L[i]]++;  
            int wordLen = L[0].size();  
            vector<int> res;  
            //if(S.size() < wordLen*wordNum)return res;  
            for(int i = 0; i <= (int)S.size()-wordLen*wordNum; i++)  
            {  
                cur.clear();  
                int j;  
                for(j = 0; j < wordNum; j++)  
                {  
                    string word = S.substr(i+j*wordLen, wordLen);  
                    if(words.find(word) == words.end())  
                        break;  
                    cur[word]++;  
                    if(cur[word]>words[word])  
                        break;  
                }  
                if(j == wordNum)  
                    res.push_back(i);  
            }  
            return res;  
        }  

 

 
class Solution {
private:
vector<int> res;
map<string,int> cntL;
map<string,int> cn;
int n ;
public:
vector<int> findSubstring(string S, vector<string> &L) 
{   res.clear();
    cntL.clear();
    cn.clear();

    n = S.length();
    int e = L.size();
    int t = L[0].length();
    int k = 0;

    for(int i = 0; i < e ; i++)
         {   if(cn.count(L[i]) == 0)
               { cn[L[i]] = 1;
                 k++;
               }
             else
                { cn[L[i]] += 1;
                  k++;
                }
         }

    string tr ,du;
    int r = 0;
    int st = 0;

    for(int j = 0 ; j < t ; j++)
    { r = 0; st = j;
      for(int i = j; i < n; i += t)
        {     tr = S.substr(i,t);
              if( cn.count(tr) == 0 || cn[tr] == 0 )
              { cntL.clear();
                r =  0;
                st = i+t;
              }
              else if(cntL[tr] < cn[tr])
              { cntL[tr] += 1;
                r++;
              }
              else
              {  du = S.substr(st,t);
                 while(du != tr)
                 {   cntL[du]--;
                     r--;
                     st += t;
                     du = S.substr(st,t);
                 }
                 st += t;
              }
             if(r == k)
              {   res.push_back(st);
                  du = S.substr(st,t);
                  cntL[du]--;
                  r--;
                  st += t;
              }

         }
         cntL.clear();
      }
    sort(res.begin(),res.end());
    return res ;    
 }
};

 


posted on 2015-01-04 22:29  风云逸  阅读(122)  评论(0)    收藏  举报