面向对象

内容概要

面向对象介绍
实现面向对象编程
属性查找

内容详解

面向对象介绍

'''
面向过程
    核心是'过程'二字
    过程的终极奥义就是将程序流程化
    过程是'流水线'，用来分步骤解决的

面向对象
    核心是'对象'二字
    对象的终极奥义就是将程序'整合'
    对象是'容器'，用来盛放数据和功能的

    类也是'容器'，该容器用来存放同类对象共有的数据和功能
'''

# 程序 = 数据+功能

实现面向对象编程

# 先定义类
# 类是对象相似数据与功能的集合体
# 所以类体中最常见的是变量与函数的定义，但是类体其实是可以包含任意其他代码的
# 注意：类体代码是在类定义阶段就会立即执行的，会产生类的名称空间

# 再调用类产出对象

# # 一、先定义类
# class Student:
#     # 1.变量的定义：
#     stu_school = 'oldboy'
#
#     # 2.功能的定义
#     def tell_stu_info(stu_obj):
#         print('学生信息：名字:%s 年龄:%s 性别:%s '%(
#             stu_obj['stu_name'],
#             stu_obj['stu_age'],
#             stu_obj['stu_gender']
#         ))
#
#     def set_info(stu_obj,x,y,z):
#         stu_obj['stu_name'] = x
#         stu_obj['stu_age'] = y
#         stu_obj['stu_gender'] = z
# print(Student.__dict__)
# # 属性访问的语法
# # 1.访问数据属性
# print(Student.stu_school)  # print(Student.__dict__['stu_school'])
# # 2.访问函数属性
# print(Student.set_info)  # print(Student.__dict__['set_info'])


# 二、再调用类产生对象
# stu1_obj = Student()
# stu2_obj = Student()
# stu3_obj = Student()

# 为对象定制自己独有的属性
# 问题1：代码重复
# 问题2：属性的查找顺序
# stu1_obj.stu_name = 'ycc'
# stu1_obj.stu_age = 18
# stu1_obj.stu_gender = 'male'
# print(stu1_obj.__dict__)
#
# stu2_obj.stu_name = 'xixi'
# stu2_obj.stu_age = 19
# stu2_obj.stu_gender = 'female'
# print(stu2_obj.__dict__)
#
#
# stu3_obj.stu_name = 'jason'
# stu3_obj.stu_age = 18
# stu3_obj.stu_gender = 'male'
# print(stu3_obj.__dict__)

# 解决问题一：
# def init(obj,stu_name,stu_age,stu_gender):
#     obj.stu_name = stu_name
#     obj.stu_age = stu_age
#     obj.stu_gender = stu_gender
#
# init(stu1_obj,'ycc',18,'male')
# init(stu2_obj,'xixi',19,'female')
# init(stu3_obj,'jason',20,'male')
# print(stu1_obj.__dict__)
# print(stu2_obj.__dict__)
# print(stu3_obj.__dict__)

# 二、解决问题二：
# 1、先定义类
class Student:
    # 1.变量的定义：
    stu_school = 'oldboy'

    #           空对象，'ycc',    18,     'male'
    def __init__(obj,stu_name,stu_age,stu_gender):
        obj.stu_name = stu_name  # 空对象.stu_name = 'ycc'
        obj.stu_age = stu_age  # 空对象.stu_age = 18
        obj.stu_gender = stu_gender  # 空对象.stu_gender = 'male'

    # 2.功能的定义
    def tell_stu_info(stu_obj):
        print('学生信息：名字:%s 年龄:%s 性别:%s '%(
            stu_obj['stu_name'],
            stu_obj['stu_age'],
            stu_obj['stu_gender']
        ))

    def set_info(stu_obj,stu_name,stu_age,stu_gender):
        stu_obj['stu_name'] = stu_name
        stu_obj['stu_age'] = stu_age
        stu_obj['stu_gender'] = stu_gender


# 2、再调用类产生对象
# 调用类的过程又称之为实例化,发生了三件事
# 1、先产生一个空对象
# 2、python会自动调用类中的__init__方法将空对象已经调用类时括号内传入的参数一同传给__init__方法
# 3.返回初始完的对象
stu1_obj = Student('ycc',18,'male')  # Student.__init(空对象,'ycc',18,'male')
stu2_obj = Student('xixi',19,'female')
stu3_obj = Student('jason',20,'male')

print(stu1_obj.__dict__)
print(stu2_obj.__dict__)
print(stu3_obj.__dict__)

# 总结__init__方法
# 1、会在调用类时自动触发执行，用来为对象初始化自己独有的数据
# 2、__init__内应该存放是为对象初始化属性的功能，但是是可以存放任意其他代码，
# 想要在类调用时就立刻执行的代码都可以放到该方法内
# 3、__init__方法必须返回None

属性查找

class Student:
    # 1.变量的定义：
    stu_school = 'oldboy'

    #           空对象，'ycc',    18,     'male'
    def __init__(self,stu_name,stu_age,stu_gender):
        self.stu_name = stu_name  # 空对象.stu_name = 'ycc'
        self.stu_age = stu_age  # 空对象.stu_age = 18
        self.stu_gender = stu_gender  # 空对象.stu_gender = 'male'

    # 2.功能的定义
    def tell_stu_info(self):
        print('学生信息：名字:%s 年龄:%s 性别:%s '%(
            # stu_obj['stu_name'],
            # stu_obj['stu_age'],
            # stu_obj['stu_gender']
            self.stu_name,
            self.stu_age,
            self.stu_gender
        ))

    def set_info(self,stu_name,stu_age,stu_gender):
        # stu_obj['stu_name'] = stu_name
        # stu_obj['stu_age'] = stu_age
        # stu_obj['stu_gender'] = stu_gender
        self.stu_name = stu_name
        self.stu_age = stu_age
        self.stu_gender = stu_gender

    def choose(self,x):
        print('正在选课')
        self.course = x

stu1_obj = Student('ycc',18,'male')
stu2_obj = Student('xixi',19,'female')
stu3_obj = Student('jason',20,'male')

# 类中存放的是对象共有的数据和功能
# 一、类可以访问：
# 1.类的数据属性
# print(Student.stu_school)
# # 2.类的函数属性
# print(Student.set_info)
# print(Student.tell_stu_info)

# 二、但其实类中的东西是给对象用的
# 1、类的数据属性是共享给所有对象用的，大家访问的地址都一样
# print(stu1_obj.stu_name)
# print(stu1_obj.stu_age)
# print(stu1_obj.stu_gender)
# print(stu1_obj.stu_school)
# 查找顺序，先在对象内找，让后去类里找

# print(Student.stu_school)  # oldboy
# print(stu1_obj.stu_school)  # oldboy
# print(stu2_obj.stu_school)  # oldboy
# print(stu3_obj.stu_school)  # oldboy
#
# print(id(Student.stu_school))  # 1464557583344
# print(id(stu1_obj.stu_school))  # 1464557583344
# print(id(stu2_obj.stu_school))  # 1464557583344
# print(id(stu3_obj.stu_school))  # 1464557583344

# Student.stu_school = 'OLDBOY'
# print(Student.stu_school)  # OLDBOY
# print(stu1_obj.stu_school)  # OLDBOY
# print(stu2_obj.stu_school)  # OLDBOY
# print(stu3_obj.stu_school)  # OLDBOY

# stu1_obj.stu_school = 'OLDBOY'
# print(Student.stu_school)  # oldboy
# print(stu1_obj.stu_school)  # OLDBOY
# print(stu2_obj.stu_school)  # oldboy
# print(stu3_obj.stu_school)  # oldboy
# 查找顺序先对象后类，这里直接在对象内新建了一个

# # 2.类的函数属性是绑定给对象用的
# print(Student.tell_stu_info)
# print(Student.set_info)
#
#
# Student.tell_stu_info(stu1_obj)
# Student.tell_stu_info(stu2_obj)
# Student.tell_stu_info(stu3_obj)
# # 学生信息：名字:ycc 年龄:18 性别:male
# # 学生信息：名字:xixi 年龄:19 性别:female
# # 学生信息：名字:jason 年龄:20 性别:male
#
# Student.set_info(stu1_obj,'YCC',20,'male')
# Student.tell_stu_info(stu1_obj)
# # 学生信息：名字:YCC 年龄:20 性别:male

# 绑定方法的特殊之处在于：谁来调用绑定方法就会将谁当作第一个参数自动传入
# stu1_obj.tell_stu_info()
# stu2_obj.tell_stu_info()
# stu3_obj.tell_stu_info()
# 学生信息：名字:ycc 年龄:18 性别:male
# 学生信息：名字:xixi 年龄:19 性别:female
# 学生信息：名字:jason 年龄:20 性别:male


# stu1_obj.choose('python')
# print(stu1_obj.course)
# stu2_obj.choose('linux')
# print(stu2_obj.course)
# stu3_obj.choose('高级架构师')
# print(stu3_obj.course)

# 例：
l1 = ['aa','bb','cc']
l2 = [11,22,33]
print(l1.append('dd'))
# print(l1)
# print(list.append(l1))  # list.append() takes exactly one argument (0 given)

# list.append(l1,'dd')  # ['aa', 'bb', 'cc', 'dd']
# list.append(l2,'dd')  # [11, 22, 33, 'dd']
# print(l1)
# print(l2)

posted @ 2021-07-22 15:25 ccFTD 阅读(36) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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面向对象

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