MongoDB的应用
一、MongoDB后台管理
# ./mongo MongoDB shell version v3.4.2 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 MongoDB server version: 3.4.2 Welcome to the MongoDB shell. ..................... times number of files. 2017-03-12T01:15:04.901+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] >
使用用户 admin 使用密码 123456 连接到本地的 MongoDB 服务上
> mongodb://admin:123456@localhost/
创建数据库（如果数据库不存在，则创建数据库，否则切换到指定数据库）
>use test 2017-03-12T01:34:04.361+0800 E QUERY [thread1] SyntaxError: missing ; before statement @(shell):3:4
> use test switched to db test > db test > show dbs #查看所有数据库 admin 0.000GB local 0.000GB
二、python操作mongodb
1、连接mongodb
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from pymongo import MongoClient
conn = MongoClient('192.168.0.113', 27017) #ip地址和端口 db = conn.mydb #连接mydb数据库，没有则自动创建 my_set = db.test_set #使用test_set集合，没有则自动创建
2、插入数据（insert插入一个列表多条数据不用遍历，效率高， save需要遍历列表，一个个插入）
my_set.insert({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})
#或
my_set.save({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})
3、插入多条
#添加多条数据到集合中
users=[{"name":"zhangsan","age":18},{"name":"lisi","age":20}]
my_set.insert(users)
#或
my_set.save(users)
3、查询数据（查询不到则返回None）
#查询name=zhangsan的
for i in my_set.find({"name":"zhangsan"}):
print(i)
print(my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"}))
4、更新数据
my_set.update(
<query>, #查询条件
<update>, #update的对象和一些更新的操作符
{
upsert: <boolean>, #如果不存在update的记录，是否插入
multi: <boolean>, #可选，mongodb 默认是false,只更新找到的第一条记录
writeConcern: <document> #可选，抛出异常的级别。
}
)
把上面插入的数据内的age改为20
my_set.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{'$set':{"age":20}})
5、删除数据
my_set.remove(
<query>, #（可选）删除的文档的条件
{
justOne: <boolean>, #（可选）如果设为 true 或 1，则只删除一个文档
writeConcern: <document> #（可选）抛出异常的级别
}
)
#删除name=lisi的全部记录
my_set.remove({'name': 'zhangsan'})
#删除name=lisi的某个id的记录
id = my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"})["_id"]
my_set.remove(id)
#删除集合里的所有记录
db.users.remove()
6、mongodb的条件操作符
# $gt ----------greater than > 大于
# $gte ----------gt equal >= 大于等于
# $lt ----------less than < 小于
# $lte ----------lt equal <= 小于等于
# $ne ----------not equal != 不等于
# $eq ----------equal = 等于
#例：查询集合中age大于25的所有记录
for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$gt":25}}):
print(i)
7、type(判断类型)
#找出name的类型是String的
for i in my_set.find({'name':{'$type':2}}):
print(i)
8、类型队对照列表
Double 1 String 2 Object 3 Array 4 Binary data 5 Undefined 6 已废弃 Object id 7 Boolean 8 Date 9 Null 10 Regular Expression 11 JavaScript 13 Symbol 14 JavaScript (with scope) 15 32-bit integer 16 Timestamp 17 64-bit integer 18 Min key 255 Query with -1. Max key 127
Double 1 String 2 Object 3 Array 4 Binary data 5 Undefined 6 已废弃 Object id 7 Boolean 8 Date 9 Null 10 Regular Expression 11 JavaScript 13 Symbol 14 JavaScript (with scope) 15 32-bit integer 16 Timestamp 17 64-bit integer 18 Min key 255 Query with -1. Max key 127
9、排序
在MongoDB中使用sort()方法对数据进行排序，sort()方法可以通过参数指定排序的字段，并使用 1 和 -1 来指定排序的方式，其中 1 为升序，-1为降序。
for i in my_set.find().sort([("age",1)]):
print(i)
10、limit和skip
#limit()方法用来读取指定数量的数据
#skip()方法用来跳过指定数量的数据
#下面表示跳过两条数据后读取6条
for i in my_set.find().skip(2).limit(6):
print(i)
11、IN
#找出age是20、30、35的数据
for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$in":(20,30,35)}}):
print(i)
12、OR
#找出age是20或35的记录
for i in my_set.find({"$or":[{"age":20},{"age":35}]}):
print(i)
13、all
dic1 = {"name":"lisi","age":18,"li":[1,2,3]}
dic2 = {"name":"zhangsan","age":18,"li":[1,2,3,4,5,6]}
my_set.insert(dic1)
my_set.insert(dic2)
for i in my_set.find({'li':{'$all':[1,2,3,4]}}):
print(i)
#查看是否包含全部条件
#输出：{'_id': ObjectId('58c503b94fc9d44624f7b108'), 'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 18, 'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]}
14、push/pushAll
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$push':{'li':4}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
#输出：{'li': [1, 2, 3, 4], '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'age': 18, 'name': 'lisi'}
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pushAll':{'li':[4,5]}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
#输出：{'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5], 'name': 'lisi', 'age': 18, '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803')}
15、pop/pull/pullAll
#pop
#移除最后一个元素(-1为移除第一个)
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pop':{'li':1}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
#输出：{'_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'age': 18, 'name': 'lisi', 'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 4]}
#pull （按值移除）
#移除3
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pop':{'li':3}})
#pullAll （移除全部符合条件的）
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pullAll':{'li':[1,2,3]}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
#输出：{'name': 'lisi', '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'li': [4, 4], 'age': 18}
16、多级路径元素操作 先插入一条数据
dic = {"name":"zhangsan",
"age":18,
"contact" : {
"email" : "1234567@qq.com",
"iphone" : "11223344"}
}
my_set.insert(dic)
#多级目录用. 连接
for i in my_set.find({"contact.iphone":"11223344"}):
print(i)
#输出：{'name': 'zhangsan', '_id': ObjectId('58c4f99c4fc9d42e0022c3b6'), 'age': 18, 'contact': {'email': '1234567@qq.com', 'iphone': '11223344'}}
result = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"})
print(result["contact"]["email"])
#输出：1234567@qq.com
#多级路径下修改操作
result = my_set.update({"contact.iphone":"11223344"},{"$set":{"contact.email":"9999999@qq.com"}})
result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"})
print(result1["contact"]["email"])
#输出：9999999@qq.com
还可以对数组用索引操作
dic = {"name":"lisi",
"age":18,
"contact" : [
{
"email" : "111111@qq.com",
"iphone" : "111"},
{
"email" : "222222@qq.com",
"iphone" : "222"}
]}
my_set.insert(dic)
#查询
result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.1.iphone":"222"})
print(result1)
#输出：{'age': 18, '_id': ObjectId('58c4ff574fc9d43844423db2'), 'name': 'lisi', 'contact': [{'iphone': '111', 'email': '111111@qq.com'}, {'iphone': '222', 'email': '222222@qq.com'}]}
#修改
result = my_set.update({"contact.1.iphone":"222"},{"$set":{"contact.1.email":"222222@qq.com"}})
print(result1["contact"][1]["email"])
#输出：222222@qq.com
17、Example
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from pymongo import MongoClient
settings = {
"ip":'192.168.0.113', #ip
"port":27017, #端口
"db_name" : "mydb", #数据库名字
"set_name" : "test_set" #集合名字
}
class MyMongoDB(object):
def __init__(self):
try:
self.conn = MongoClient(settings["ip"], settings["port"])
except Exception as e:
print(e)
self.db = self.conn[settings["db_name"]]
self.my_set = self.db[settings["set_name"]]
def insert(self,dic):
print("inser...")
self.my_set.insert(dic)
def update(self,dic,newdic):
print("update...")
self.my_set.update(dic,newdic)
def delete(self,dic):
print("delete...")
self.my_set.remove(dic)
def dbfind(self,dic):
print("find...")
data = self.my_set.find(dic)
for result in data:
print(result["name"],result["age"])
def main():
dic={"name":"zhangsan","age":18}
mongo = MyMongoDB()
mongo.insert(dic)
mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
mongo.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{"$set":{"age":"25"}})
mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
mongo.delete({"name":"zhangsan"})
mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 from pymongo import MongoClient
4
5 settings = {
6 "ip":'192.168.0.113', #ip
7 "port":27017, #端口
8 "db_name" : "mydb", #数据库名字
9 "set_name" : "test_set" #集合名字
10 }
11
12 class MyMongoDB(object):
13 def __init__(self):
14 try:
15 self.conn = MongoClient(settings["ip"], settings["port"])
16 except Exception as e:
17 print(e)
18 self.db = self.conn[settings["db_name"]]
19 self.my_set = self.db[settings["set_name"]]
20
21 def insert(self,dic):
22 print("inser...")
23 self.my_set.insert(dic)
24
25 def update(self,dic,newdic):
26 print("update...")
27 self.my_set.update(dic,newdic)
28
29 def delete(self,dic):
30 print("delete...")
31 self.my_set.remove(dic)
32
33 def dbfind(self,dic):
34 print("find...")
35 data = self.my_set.find(dic)
36 for result in data:
37 print(result["name"],result["age"])
38
39 def main():
40 dic={"name":"zhangsan","age":18}
41 mongo = MyMongoDB()
42 mongo.insert(dic)
43 mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
44
45 mongo.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{"$set":{"age":"25"}})
46 mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
47
48 mongo.delete({"name":"zhangsan"})
49 mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
50
51 if __name__ == "__main__":
52 main()
浙公网安备 33010602011771号