ruby 使用REXML解析xml
REXML 是一个完全用ruby写的processor ,他有多种api,其中两个经典的api是通过DOM-like 和SAX-like 来进行区分的。第一种是将整个文件读进内存,然后存储为一个分层的形式(也就是一棵树了).而第二种是"parse as you go",当你的文件很大,并且内存受到限制的时候,比较适合用这种。
看下面的book.xml:
引用
<library shelf="Recent Acquisitions">
<section name="Ruby">
<book isbn="0672328844">
<title>The Ruby Way</title>
<author>Hal Fulton</author>
<description>
Second edition. The book you are now reading.
Ain't recursion grand?
</description>
</book>
</section>
<section name="Space">
<book isbn="0684835509">
<title>The Case for Mars</title>
<author>Robert Zubrin</author>
<description>Pushing toward a second home for the human
race.
</description>
</book>
<book isbn="074325631X">
<title>First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong</title>
<author>James R. Hansen</author>
<description>Definitive biography of the first man on
the moon.
</description>
</book>
</section>
</library>
1 Tree Parsing(也就是DOM-like)
我们需要require rexml/document 库,并且include REXML :
- require 'rexml/document'
- include REXML
- input = File.new("books.xml")
- doc = Document.new(input)
- root = doc.root
- puts root.attributes["shelf"] # Recent Acquisitions
- doc.elements.each("library/section") { |e| puts e.attributes["name"] }
- # Output:
- # Ruby
- # Space
- doc.elements.each("*/section/book") { |e| puts e.attributes["isbn"] }
- # Output:
- # 0672328844
- # 0321445619
- # 0684835509
- # 074325631X
- sec2 = root.elements[2]
- author = sec2.elements[1].elements["author"].text # Robert Zubrin
这里要注意的是xml中的属性和值被表示为一个hash,因此我们能够通过attributes[]来提取我们需要的值,元素的值还能通过类似于path的字符串或者整数来取得.其中用整数取的话,是1-based而不是0-based.
2 Stream Parsing(也就是SAX-like Parsing)
这边使用了一个小技巧,那就是定义了一个listener 类,它将会在parse的时候被回调:
- require 'rexml/document'
- require 'rexml/streamlistener'
- include REXML
- class MyListener
- include REXML::StreamListener
- def tag_start(*args)
- puts "tag_start: #{args.map {|x| x.inspect}.join(', ')}"
- end
- def text(data)
- return if data =~ /^\w*$/ # whitespace only
- abbrev = data[0..40] + (data.length > 40 ? "..." : "")
- puts " text : #{abbrev.inspect}"
- end
- end
- list = MyListener.new
- source = File.new "books.xml"
- Document.parse_stream(source, list)
这 里介绍一下StreamListener 模块,这个模块它提供了几个空的回调方法,因此你可以为了实现你自己的功能而覆盖它.当parser 进入一个tag时,就会调用tag_start方法.而text方法也是类似的,他只不过是当读取到数据时会被回调,它的输出是这样的:
- tag_start: "library", {"shelf"=>"Recent Acquisitions"}
- tag_start: "section", {"name"=>"Ruby"}
- tag_start: "book", {"isbn"=>"0672328844"}
- tag_start: "title", {}
- text : "The Ruby Way"
- .........................................
3 XPath
REXML通过XPath 类来提供Xpath的支持. 它也同时支持DOM-like和SAX-like .还是前面的那个xml文件,我们使用Xpath可以这样做:
- book1 = XPath.first(doc, "//book") # Info for first book found
- p book1
- # Print out all titles
- XPath.each(doc, "//title") { |e| puts e.text }
- # Get an array of all of the "author" elements in the document.
- names = XPath.match(doc, "//author").map {|x| x.text }
- p names
输出是类似于下面的:
- <book isbn='0672328844'> ... </>
- The Ruby Way
- The Case for Mars
- First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong
- ["Hal Fulton", "Robert Zubrin", "James R. Hansen"]
原文链接:http://blog.163.com/fu_guiyan/blog/static/32024826200912811718679/
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