初学设计模式【2】观察者模式——Observer[续]

　　在Observer观察者模式中介绍了观察者模式，这一篇中我们看一下Java对观察者模式内置的支持。在java.util包中有一个Observable类，还有一个Observer接口。

1.Observable类

　　从字面意思来理解，这是一个“可被观察者”，对应于观察者模式中的"主题“接口。

源码：

public class Observable {
    private boolean changed = false;
    private Vector obs;
   
    /** Construct an Observable with zero Observers. */

    public Observable() {
    obs = new Vector();
    }

    /**
     * Adds an observer to the set of observers for this object, provided 
     * that it is not the same as some observer already in the set. 
     * The order in which notifications will be delivered to multiple 
     * observers is not specified. See the class comment.
     *
     * @param   o   an observer to be added.
     * @throws NullPointerException   if the parameter o is null.
     */
    public synchronized void addObserver(Observer o) {
        if (o == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
    if (!obs.contains(o)) {
        obs.addElement(o);
    }
    }

    /**
     * Deletes an observer from the set of observers of this object. 
     * Passing <CODE>null</CODE> to this method will have no effect.
     * @param   o   the observer to be deleted.
     */
    public synchronized void deleteObserver(Observer o) {
        obs.removeElement(o);
    }

    /**
     * If this object has changed, as indicated by the 
     * <code>hasChanged</code> method, then notify all of its observers 
     * and then call the <code>clearChanged</code> method to 
     * indicate that this object has no longer changed. 
     * <p>
     * Each observer has its <code>update</code> method called with two
     * arguments: this observable object and <code>null</code>. In other 
     * words, this method is equivalent to:
     * <blockquote><tt>
     * notifyObservers(null)</tt></blockquote>
     *
     * @see     java.util.Observable#clearChanged()
     * @see     java.util.Observable#hasChanged()
     * @see     java.util.Observer#update(java.util.Observable, java.lang.Object)
     */
    public void notifyObservers() {
    notifyObservers(null);
    }

    /**
     * If this object has changed, as indicated by the 
     * <code>hasChanged</code> method, then notify all of its observers 
     * and then call the <code>clearChanged</code> method to indicate 
     * that this object has no longer changed. 
     * <p>
     * Each observer has its <code>update</code> method called with two
     * arguments: this observable object and the <code>arg</code> argument.
     *
     * @param   arg   any object.
     * @see     java.util.Observable#clearChanged()
     * @see     java.util.Observable#hasChanged()
     * @see     java.util.Observer#update(java.util.Observable, java.lang.Object)
     */
    public void notifyObservers(Object arg) {
    /*
         * a temporary array buffer, used as a snapshot of the state of
         * current Observers.
         */
        Object[] arrLocal;

    synchronized (this) {
        /* We don't want the Observer doing callbacks into
         * arbitrary code while holding its own Monitor.
         * The code where we extract each Observable from 
         * the Vector and store the state of the Observer
         * needs synchronization, but notifying observers
         * does not (should not).  The worst result of any 
         * potential race-condition here is that:
         * 1) a newly-added Observer will miss a
         *   notification in progress
         * 2) a recently unregistered Observer will be
         *   wrongly notified when it doesn't care
         */
        if (!changed)
                return;
            arrLocal = obs.toArray();
            clearChanged();
        }

        for (int i = arrLocal.length-1; i>=0; i--)
            ((Observer)arrLocal[i]).update(this, arg);
    }

    /**
     * Clears the observer list so that this object no longer has any observers.
     */
    public synchronized void deleteObservers() {
    obs.removeAllElements();
    }

    /**
     * Marks this <tt>Observable</tt> object as having been changed; the 
     * <tt>hasChanged</tt> method will now return <tt>true</tt>.
     */
    protected synchronized void setChanged() {
    changed = true;
    }

    /**
     * Indicates that this object has no longer changed, or that it has 
     * already notified all of its observers of its most recent change, 
     * so that the <tt>hasChanged</tt> method will now return <tt>false</tt>. 
     * This method is called automatically by the 
     * <code>notifyObservers</code> methods. 
     *
     * @see     java.util.Observable#notifyObservers()
     * @see     java.util.Observable#notifyObservers(java.lang.Object)
     */
    protected synchronized void clearChanged() {
    changed = false;
    }

    /**
     * Tests if this object has changed. 
     *
     * @return  <code>true</code> if and only if the <code>setChanged</code> 
     *          method has been called more recently than the 
     *          <code>clearChanged</code> method on this object; 
     *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @see     java.util.Observable#clearChanged()
     * @see     java.util.Observable#setChanged()
     */
    public synchronized boolean hasChanged() {
    return changed;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of observers of this <tt>Observable</tt> object.
     *
     * @return  the number of observers of this object.
     */
    public synchronized int countObservers() {
    return obs.size();
    }
}

说明：相比我们在Observer观察者模式中自己写的Subject接口，有几个地方需要注意一下：1）setChanged()方法，此方法用于标记状态已经改变的事实，如果调用notifyObservers()方法前没有调用此方法，观察者就不会被通知，具体请看其源码。2）notifyObservers(Object arg)我们能过arg参数封装我们要推送给观察者s的数据。

2.Observer接口

　　这个就是观察者们应该实现的”观察者接口“，里面只有一个update方法。

源码：

public interface Observer {
    /**
     * This method is called whenever the observed object is changed. An
     * application calls an <tt>Observable</tt> object's
     * <code>notifyObservers</code> method to have all the object's
     * observers notified of the change.
     *
     * @param   o     the observable object.
     * @param   arg   an argument passed to the <code>notifyObservers</code>
     *                 method.
     */
    void update(Observable o, Object arg);
}

 说明：update(Observable o, Object arg);o用来让观察者知道是哪个主题通知它，arg就是推送过来的数据。