实验6
实验任务1:
utils.hpp源代码:
1 #pragma once 2 #include <fstream> 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <stdexcept> 5 #include <string> 6 #include <vector> 7 #include "contestant.hpp" 8 9 // ACM 排序规则:先按解题数降序,再按罚时升序 10 inline bool cmp_by_solve(const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) { 11 if(a.solved != b.solved) 12 return a.solved > b.solved; 13 14 return a.penalty < b.penalty; 15 } 16 17 // 将结果写至任意输出流 18 inline void write(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 19 for (const auto& x : v) 20 os << x << '\n'; 21 } 22 23 // 将结果打印到屏幕 24 inline void print(const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 25 write(std::cout, v); 26 } 27 28 // 将结果保存到文件 29 inline void save(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 30 std::ofstream os(filename); 31 if (!os) 32 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); 33 34 write(os, v); 35 } 36 37 // 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行) 38 inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) { 39 std::ifstream is(filename); 40 if (!is) 41 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); 42 43 std::string line; 44 std::getline(is, line); // 跳过标题 45 46 std::vector<Contestant> v; 47 Contestant t; 48 int seq; 49 while (is >> seq >> t) 50 v.push_back(t); 51 52 return v; 53 }
contestant源代码:
1 #pragma once 2 #include <iomanip> 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <string> 5 6 struct Contestant { 7 long id; // 学号 8 std::string name; // 姓名 9 std::string major; // 专业 10 int solved; // 解题数 11 int penalty; // 总罚时 12 }; 13 14 // 重载<< 15 // 要求:姓名/专业里不含空白符 16 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Contestant& c) { 17 out << std::left; 18 out << std::setw(15) << c.id 19 << std::setw(15) << c.name 20 << std::setw(15) << c.major 21 << std::setw(10) << c.solved 22 << std::setw(10) << c.penalty; 23 24 return out; 25 } 26 27 // 重载>> 28 inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Contestant& c) { 29 in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty; 30 31 return in; 32 }
task1.cpp源代码:
1 #include <algorithm> 2 #include <iostream> 3 #include <stdexcept> 4 #include <vector> 5 #include "contestant.hpp" 6 #include "utils.hpp" 7 8 const std::string in_file = "./data.txt"; 9 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt"; 10 11 void app() { 12 std::vector<Contestant> contestants; 13 14 try { 15 contestants = load(in_file); 16 std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve); 17 print(contestants); 18 save(out_file, contestants); 19 } catch (const std::exception& e) { 20 std::cerr << e.what() << '\n'; 21 return; 22 } 23 } 24 25 int main() { 26 app(); 27 }
运行测试结果:

txt中7 204942076 Thomas 未来专业6 这一行缺少了解题道数和总罚时数,导致他读取的解题道数和总罚时数其实是下一行的序号和学号。
// 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行)
inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) {
std::ifstream is(filename);
if (!is)
throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);
std::string line;
std::getline(is, line); // 跳过标题
std::vector<Contestant> v;
Contestant t;
int seq;
int line_num = 1;
while (std::getline(is, line))
{
std::istringstream iss(line); // 将行数据转为字符串流
Contestant t;
int seq;
line_num++;
if (!(iss >> seq >> t))
{
std::cerr << "[Warning] 第" << line_num << "行格式错误,跳过:" << line << std::endl;
continue; // 跳过错误行
}
v.push_back(t);
}
return v;
}
实验任务2:
student.hpp源代码:
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <string> 5 #include <iomanip> 6 7 class Student { 8 public: 9 Student() = default; 10 ~Student() = default; 11 12 const std::string get_major() const; 13 int get_grade() const; 14 15 friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s); 16 friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s); 17 18 private: 19 int id; 20 std::string name; 21 std::string major; 22 int grade; // 0-100 23 }; 24 25 const std::string Student::get_major() const 26 { 27 return major; 28 } 29 30 int Student::get_grade() const 31 { 32 return grade; 33 } 34 35 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s) 36 { 37 os << std::setw(15) << s.id 38 << std::setw(15) << s.name 39 << std::setw(15) << s.major 40 << std::setw(15) << s.grade; 41 return os; 42 } 43 44 std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s) 45 { 46 is >> s.id >> s.name >> s.major >> s.grade; 47 return is; 48 }
stumgr.hpp源代码:
1 #pragma once 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include <fstream> 5 #include <sstream> 6 #include <stdexcept> 7 #include <algorithm> 8 #include "student.hpp" 9 10 class StuMgr { 11 public: 12 void load(const std::string& file); // 加载数据文件(空格分隔) 13 void sort(); // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序 14 void print() const; // 打印到屏幕 15 void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件 16 17 private: 18 void write(std::ostream &os) const; // 把数据写到任意输出流 19 20 private: 21 std::vector<Student> students; 22 }; 23 24 void StuMgr::load(const std::string& file) 25 { 26 std::ifstream is(file); 27 if (!is) 28 { 29 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open" + file); 30 } 31 32 std::string line; 33 std::getline(is, line); // 跳过标题 34 35 Student s; 36 37 int line_num = 1; 38 39 while (std::getline(is, line)) 40 { 41 std::istringstream iss(line); 42 43 line_num++; 44 45 if (!(iss >> s)) 46 { 47 std::cerr << "第" << std::to_string(line_num) << "行格式错误,跳过: " << line; 48 continue; 49 } 50 students.push_back(s); 51 } 52 } 53 54 void StuMgr::sort() 55 { 56 std::sort(students.begin(), students.end(), [](const Student& a, const Student& b) { 57 if (a.get_major() != b.get_major()) { 58 return a.get_major() < b.get_major(); 59 } 60 return a.get_grade() > b.get_grade(); 61 }); 62 } 63 64 void StuMgr::print() const 65 { 66 for (auto& s:students) 67 { 68 std::cout << s << std::endl; 69 } 70 } 71 72 void StuMgr::save(const std::string& file) const 73 { 74 std::ofstream os(file); 75 if (!os) 76 { 77 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open" + file); 78 } 79 80 write(os); 81 } 82 83 void StuMgr::write(std::ostream& os)const 84 { 85 for (auto& s : students) 86 { 87 os << s << std::endl; 88 } 89 }
task2.cpp源代码:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <limits> 3 #include <string> 4 #include "stumgr.hpp" 5 6 const std::string in_file = "./data.txt"; 7 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt"; 8 9 void menu() { 10 std::cout << "\n**********简易应用**********\n" 11 "1. 加载文件\n" 12 "2. 排序\n" 13 "3. 打印到屏幕\n" 14 "4. 保存到文件\n" 15 "5. 退出\n" 16 "请选择:"; 17 } 18 19 void app() { 20 StuMgr mgr; 21 22 while(true) { 23 menu(); 24 int choice; 25 std::cin >> choice; 26 27 try { 28 switch (choice) { 29 case 1: mgr.load(in_file); 30 std::cout << "加载成功\n"; break; 31 case 2: mgr.sort(); 32 std::cout << "排序已完成\n"; break; 33 case 3: mgr.print(); 34 std::cout << "打印已完成\n"; break; 35 case 4: mgr.save(out_file); 36 std::cout << "导出成功\n"; break; 37 case 5: return; 38 default: std::cout << "不合法输入\n"; 39 } 40 } 41 catch (const std::exception& e) { 42 std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n'; 43 } 44 } 45 } 46 47 int main() { 48 app(); 49 }
运行测试截图:






实验总结:
给我印象最深的是我尝试在跳过错误行读取的时候使用throw然后后面直接就不读了,连我的continue都没执行,所以改成了cerr,在函数内部写一个try catch会继续执行,这样就不需要continue了。
修改的代码如下:
void StuMgr::load(const std::string& file)
{
std::ifstream is(file);
if (!is)
{
throw std::runtime_error("fail to open" + file);
}
std::string line;
std::getline(is, line); // 跳过标题
Student s;
int line_num = 1;
while (std::getline(is, line))
{
std::istringstream iss(line);
line_num++;
try
{
if (!(iss >> s))
{
throw std::runtime_error ("第" + std::to_string(line_num) + "行格式错误,跳过: " + line);
}
}
catch (const std::runtime_error& e)
{
std::cerr << "捕获异常:" << e.what() << std::endl;
}
students.push_back(s);
}
}
运行截图:




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