#include <string>

string: :size_type   //An unsigned integer (data) type
string: :npos          //The maximum value of the (data) type string:: size_type ,

                                 //a number such as 4294967295 on many machines

 

string strVar;

strVar.length()

strVar.size()

strVar.find(strExp)

strVar.find(strExp, pos)

strVar.substr(expr1, expr2) //sentence.substr(6, 16)

strVar1.swap(strVar2)  //interchange—the contents of two string

 

Additionalstr in g functions, such as empty, clear , erase, insert , and replace,

 

 

#include <cstring>

strcpy (s1, s2 )  //Copies the string s2 into the string variable s1

                           //The length of s1 should be at least as large as s2

 

strcmp (s1, s2)  //Returns a value <0 if s1 is less than s2
                            //Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same
                            //Returns a value >0 if s1 is greater than s2

 

strlen (s )              //Returns the length of the string s, excluding the null character

 

 

cin.get(str, m + 1); //  This statement stores the nextm characters, or all characters until the newline character '\ n' is found, into str

                                  // The newline character is not stored in st r. If the input C –string
                                 //  has fewer than m characters, then the reading stops at the newline character.

 

The header file string contains the function c_str, which converts a value of type string
to a null-terminated character array (that is,C-string).

strVar.c_str()

 

ifstream infile;
string fileName;
cout << "Enter the input file name: ";
cin >> fileName;
infile.open(fileName.c_str ()); //open the input file

 

 

 

Arrays as Parameters to Functions

void funcArrayAsParam(int listOne[], double listTwo[]){}

 

Constant Arrays as Formal Parameters

void example(int x[], const int y[], int sizeX, int sizeY){}

 

Other Ways to Declare Arrays

const int SIZE = 50;

typedef double list[SIZE];

list yourList;

list myList;

 

Arrays of Strings and the string Type

string list[100];

 

Arrays of Strings andC -Strings (Character Arrays)

char list[100][16];

 

Multidimensional Arrays

dataType arrayName[intExp1][intExp2] ... [intExpn];

arrayName[indexExp1][indexExp2] ... [indexExpn]

 

 

struct structName
{
dataType1 identifier1;
dataType2 identifier2;
.
.
.
dataTypen identifiern;
};

 

 

Abstract data type (ADT):A data type that separates the logical properties from the
implementation details.

You can define a list as an ADT as follows:

dataTypeName
                   listType
domain
                  Every listType value is an array of, say, 1000 numbers
operations
                 Check to see whether the list is empty.
                 Check to see whether the list is full.
                 Search the list for a given item.
                 Delete an item from the list.
                 Insert a n item in the list.
                Sort the list.
                Destroy the list.
                Print the list.

class listType
{
public:
bool isEmptyList() const ;
bool isFullList() const ;
int search(int searchItem) const ;
void insert(int newElement);
void remove(int removeElement);
void destroyList();
void printList() const ;
listType(); //constructor
private:
int list[1000];
int length;
};