Ref:
MIT: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/aeronautics-and-astronautics/16-07-dynamics-fall-2009/lecture-notes/MIT16_07F09_Lec26.pdf
https://max.book118.com/html/2018/1127/5232144323001332.shtm
http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~roy/spatial/