运算符
运算符
在Python中有各种运算符,用来处理不同数据之间的运算,主要分为以下几类:
算术运算符
| 运算符 | 名称 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| + | 加 | 两个对象相加 |
| - | 减 | 得到负数或是一个数减去另一个数 |
| * | 乘 | 两个数相乘或返回一个被重复若干次的字符串 |
| / | 除 | x除以y |
| % | 取模(取余),模运算 | 返回除法的余数 |
| ** | 幂(指数) | 返回x的y次幂 |
| // | 取整除 | 返回商的整数部分(向下取整) |
Python 3.12.7 (main, Nov 8 2024, 17:55:36) [GCC 14.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> a = 1
>>> b = 2
>>> a + 1
2
>>> a - b
-1
>>> a * b
2
>>> a / b
0.5
>>> a % b
1
>>> a // b
0
>>> a ** b
1
>>> b ** 2
4
>>>
比较运算符(关系运算符)
返回的是布尔值
| 运算符 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| == | 等于:比较对象是否相等 |
| != | 不等于:比较两个对象是否不相等 |
| > | 大于:返回x是否大于y |
| < | 小于:返回x是否小于y |
| ">=" | 大于等于:返回x是否大于等于y |
| "<=" | 小于等于:返回x是否小于等于y |
Python 3.12.7 (main, Nov 8 2024, 17:55:36) [GCC 14.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> a = 5
>>> b = 2
>>> a == b
False
>>> a != b
True
>>> a > b
True
>>> a < b
False
>>> a >= b
True
>>> a <= b
False
>>>
赋值运算符
简单基础的赋值运算符:=
扩展赋值运算符:例如:+= (a+=b)等效于(a = a + b) 以此类推
Python 3.12.7 (main, Nov 8 2024, 17:55:36) [GCC 14.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> a = 4
>>> b = 3
>>> a += b
>>> a
7
>>>
逻辑运算符
| 运算符 | 逻辑表达式 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| and | x and y | x和y都为True则为True,否则为False |
| or | x or y | x和y其中一个为True就为True,都为False则为False |
| not | not x | 取反 |
Python 3.12.7 (main, Nov 8 2024, 17:55:36) [GCC 14.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> a = 1
>>> b = 0
>>> a and b
0
>>> a or b
1
>>> not a
False
>>> not b
True
>>>
成员运算符
| 运算符 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| in | 如果在指定的序列中找到值返回True,否则返回False |
| not in | 如果在指定的序列中没有找到返回True,否则返回False |
Python 3.12.7 (main, Nov 8 2024, 17:55:36) [GCC 14.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> l = ['linux','python','java']
>>> if 'python' in l:
... print("111111")
...
111111
>>> 'linux' in l
True
>>> 'git' in l
False
>>> 'git' not in l
True
>>>
身份运算符
| 运算符 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| is | is是判断两个标识符是不是引用自一个对象,返回布尔值 |
| is not | 与上面相反 |
Python 3.12.7 (main, Nov 8 2024, 17:55:36) [GCC 14.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> a = 'Hello'
>>> a is 'Hello'
<stdin>:1: SyntaxWarning: "is" with 'str' literal. Did you mean "=="?
True
>>> a is not 'Hello'
<stdin>:1: SyntaxWarning: "is not" with 'str' literal. Did you mean "!="?
False
>>> a is not 'xxxx'
<stdin>:1: SyntaxWarning: "is not" with 'str' literal. Did you mean "!="?
True
>>>
运算符优先级
这里不赘述,与我们学习的数学一致,可以用括号括起来提升优先级,先乘除后加减等。
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