第四节、鼠标事件和键盘事件以及其他鼠标键盘实现的功能

一、鼠标事件

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium import webdriver
#鼠标事件有个特殊之处，我们所调用的函数只是注册动作，不会执行，如果想要执行，需要在之后加上 perform 函数
#鼠标悬停到 ele 元素
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(ele).perform()
# 右击 ele 元素
ActionChains(driver).context_click(ele).perform()
# 双击ele元素
ActionChains(driver).double_click(ele).perform()
# 单击 ele 元素
ActionChains(driver).click(ele).perform()
# 拖动元素, 将ele1 拖到 ele2
ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(ele1, ele2).perform()

二、键盘事件

# 键盘事件
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
# 删除最后一个字符
ele.send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
# 输入一个空格，然后再输入教程
ele.send_keys(Keys.SPACE)
ele.send_keys("教程")
# 全选输入框的内容
ele.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, "a")
# 剪切选中的内容
ele.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, "x")
# 粘贴剪切板里边的内容
ele.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, "v")

三、滚动条操作 此处整理自他出【出处】

• location_once_scrolled_into_view
• ActionChains
• js方法scrollIntoView
• js方法scrollBy
• send_keys(Keys.END)模拟向页面发送空格键
• 页面为ajax动态加载

location_once_scrolled_into_view

#coding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
browser=webdriver.Chrome("G:/dj/chromedriver.exe")
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
browser.set_window_size(1400,900)
import time
def search():
    try:
        browser.get("https://www.taobao.com") target=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"body > div:nth-child(29)")))
        target.location_once_scrolled_into_view
    except TimeoutException:
        search()
search()

target 页面底部的元素

如果页面是ajax动态渲染的,页面的高度随时变化的,所以这个方法很有可能跳不到页面底部

ActionChains

#coding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
browser=webdriver.Chrome("G:/dj/chromedriver.exe")
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
browser.set_window_size(1400,900)
import time
def search():
    try:
        browser.get("https://www.taobao.com")
        total=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"body > div:nth-child(29)")))
        target = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('body > div:nth-child(29)')
        actions = ActionChains(browser)
        actions.move_to_element(target)
        actions.perform()
    except TimeoutException:
        search()
search()

• 如果页面是ajax动态渲染的,页面的高度随时变化的,所以这个方法很有可能跳不到页面底部

js方法scrollIntoView

#coding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
browser=webdriver.Chrome("G:/dj/chromedriver.exe")
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
browser.set_window_size(1400,900)
import time
def search():
    try:
        browser.get("https://www.taobao.com") total=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"body > div:nth-child(29)")))
        browser.execute_script('arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);', total)
    except TimeoutException:
        search()
search()

如果页面是ajax动态渲染的,页面的高度随时变化的,所以这个方法很有可能跳不到页面底部

js方法scrollBy

#coding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
browser=webdriver.Chrome("G:/dj/chromedriver.exe")
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
browser.set_window_size(1400,900)
import time
def search():
    try:
        browser.get("https://www.taobao.com")
        total=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"body > div:nth-child(29)")))
        for i in range(15):
            browser.execute_script("window.scrollBy(0, 1000)")
            time.sleep(1)
    except TimeoutException:
        search()
search()
time.sleep必须要加

适合ajax动态渲染的页面,分多次跳到页面底部

send_keys(Keys.END)模拟向页面发送空格键

#coding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
browser=webdriver.Chrome("G:/dj/chromedriver.exe")
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
browser.set_window_size(1400,900)
import time
def search():
    try:
        browser.get("https://www.taobao.com")
        total=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"body > div:nth-child(29)")))
        for i in range(5):
             browser.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.END)
             time.sleep(1)
    except TimeoutException:
        search()
search()

适合ajax动态渲染的页面,分多次跳到页面底部

页面为ajax动态加载

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
read_mores = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//a[text()="加载更多"]')
for read_more in read_mores:
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", read_more)
    driver.execute_script("$(arguments[0]).click();", read_more)

提供两种我自己常使用的基于js封装的方法,使用见【此处处处。。。】

    def once_scroll_to_target(self, target_element):
        # x, y = target_element.location_once_scrolled_into_view
        js = f'var action=document.documentElement.scrollTop={target_element.location.get("y")-100}'
        self.driver.execute_script(js)

    def until_scroll_to_target(self, target_element, once_height=100):
        js = f'var action=document.documentElement.scrollTop={once_height}'
        while True:
            self.driver.execute_script(js)
            if target_element.is_enabled():
                break