Python学习笔记6:输入输出

print()

print默认是换行的,是end='\n'在起作用。
要想不换行你应该写成 print(str, end = '')

>>> print('The length of %s is %d.' %('Python', len('Python')))
The length of Python is 6.

看看《Python基础编程》中对格式化输出的总结:
(1). %字符:标记转换说明符的开始
(2). 转换标志:-表示左对齐;+表示在转换值之前要加上正负号;“”(空白字符)表示正数之前保留空格;0表示转换值若位数不够则用0填充
(3). 最小字段宽度:转换后的字符串至少应该具有该值指定的宽度。如果是,则宽度会从值元组中读出。
(4). 点(.)后跟精度值:如果转换的是实数,精度值就表示出现在小数点后的位数。如果转换的是字符串,那么该数字就表示最大字段宽度。如果是
,那么精度将从元组中读出

>>> pi = 3.141592653
>>> print('%10.3f' % pi) #字段宽10,精度3
3.142
>>> print("pi = %.*f" % (3,pi)) #用*从后面的元组中读取字段宽度或精度
pi = 3.142
>>> print('%010.3f' % pi) #用0填充空白
000003.142
>>> print('%-10.3f' % pi) #左对齐
3.142     
>>> print('%+f' % pi) #显示正负号
+3.141593

print()与format()一起输出:

print('b - 二进制。将数字以2为基数进行输出: {0:b}'.format(50))
print('c - 字符。在打印之前将整数转换成对应的Unicode字符串: {0:c}'.format(50))
print('d - 十进制整数。将数字以10为基数进行输出: {0:d}'.format(50))
print('o - 八进制。将数字以8为基数进行输出: {0:o}'.format(50))
print('x - 十六进制。将数字以16为基数进行输出,9以上的位数用小写字母: {0:x}'.format(50))
print('e - 幂符号。用科学计数法打印数字。用e表示幂: {0:e}'.format(50))
print('g - 一般格式。将数值以fixed-point格式输出。当数值特别大的时候,用幂形式打印: {0:g}'.format(50))
print('n - 数字。当值为整数时和d相同,值为浮点数时和g相同。不同的是它会根据区域设置插入数字分隔符: {0:n}'.format(50.12))
print('% - 百分数。将数值乘以100然后以fixed-point(f)格式打印,值后面会有一个百分号: {0:%}'.format(50.12))
# 输出如下:
b - 二进制。将数字以2为基数进行输出: 110010
c - 字符。在打印之前将整数转换成对应的Unicode字符串: 2
d - 十进制整数。将数字以10为基数进行输出: 50
o - 八进制。将数字以8为基数进行输出: 62
x - 十六进制。将数字以16为基数进行输出,9以上的位数用小写字母: 32
e - 幂符号。用科学计数法打印数字。用e表示幂: 5.000000e+01
g - 一般格式。将数值以fixed-point格式输出。当数值特别大的时候,用幂形式打印: 50
n - 数字。当值为整数时和d相同,值为浮点数时和g相同。不同的是它会根据区域设置插入数字分隔符: 50.12
% - 百分数。将数值乘以100然后以fixed-point(f)格式打印,值后面会有一个百分号: 5012.000000%

format()

>>> print('The name is {}, age is {}'.format('James', 18))
The name is James, age is 18
>>> print('The name is {0}, age is {1}'.format('James', 18))
The name is James, age is 18
>>> print('The name is {1}, age is {0}'.format('James', 18))
The name is 18, age is James
>>> print('The name is {name}, age is {age}'.format(name='James', age=18))
The name is James, age is 18
>>> print('The name is {0}, age is {1}, fav is {other}'.format('James', 18, other='ball'))
The name is James, age is 18, fav is ball
>>> 
>>> import math
>>> print('The value of PI is {}'.format(math.pi))
The value of PI is 3.141592653589793
>>> print('The value of PI is {!a}'.format(math.pi))
The value of PI is 3.141592653589793
>>> print('The value of PI is {!s}'.format(math.pi))
The value of PI is 3.141592653589793
>>> print('The value of PI is {!r}'.format(math.pi))
The value of PI is 3.141592653589793
>>> print('The value of PI is {0:.2f}'.format(math.pi))
The value of PI is 3.14
>>> 
>>> table = {'chinese':88, 'math':96, 'english':99}
>>> for x, y in table.items():
	print('{0:10} => {1:10d}'.format(x, y))

chinese    =>         88
math       =>         96
english    =>         99
>>> 

>>> for x, y in table.items():
	print('{0:>10} => {1:<10d}'.format(x, y)) # >右对齐, <(默认)左对齐

   chinese => 88        
      math => 96        
   english => 99        
>>> 

>>> for x, y in table.items():
	print('{0:^10} => {1:=10d}'.format(x, y)) # ^中间对齐

 chinese   =>         88
   math    =>         96
 english   =>         99
>>> table = {'chinese':88, 'math':96, 'english':99}
>>> print('chinese:{0[chinese]:d}, math:{0[math]:d}, englist:{0[english]:d}'.format(table))
chinese:88, math:96, englist:99
>>> 
posted @ 2020-11-19 14:17  吃糙米饼的苏小迪  阅读(101)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报