centos7 安装mysql 5.7.31

一、卸载原有mysql / mariadb
卸载系统中初始安装的mysql或者mariadb，如有，卸载：

rpm -qa | grep mysql
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
find / -name mysql //找到后删除，同mariadb
find / -name mariadb
类似 mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64
选择进行卸载: rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64　　// 普通删除模式
rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64 --nodeps // 忽略依赖删除
检查否存在 mariadb 数据库，

类似 mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
卸载 rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

二、帐号准备
检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如无创建
cat /etc/group | grep mysql
类似
mysql:x:27:
cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
mysql:x:27:27::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
如无，添加：
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户，不可用于登录系统

三、安装

从官方或开源镜像站获取（如清华、阿里、网易等开源镜像）tar.gz解压，

tar zxvf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz或者 mysql-5.7.31-el7-x86_64.tar.gz 

改名并移动至/ssd目录下

/ssd/mysql/support-files目录下创建my_default.cnf

编辑内容：
vim my_default.cnf

[mysqld]
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
basedir = /ssd/mysql
datadir = /ssd/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
log-error = /ssd/mysql/data/mysqld.log
pid-file = /ssd/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

 

四、初始化数据库：

mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/ssd/mysql/ --datadir=/ssd/mysql/data/
mysqld: Can't change dir to '/ssd/mysql/data/' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)
2020-09-08T08:45:36.736413Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-09-08T08:45:36.741031Z 0 [ERROR] failed to set datadir to /ssd/mysql/data/
2020-09-08T08:45:36.741068Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

/ssd为追加硬盘，mount方式是/dev下设备名，未使用uuid之类

改到/opt目录下执行则成功，其他未做任何修改

mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/
2020-09-08T09:18:46.807926Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-09-08T09:18:47.105305Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-09-08T09:18:47.162378Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-09-08T09:18:47.220091Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4cbeca18-f1b4-11ea-8389-90e2ba0620e8.
2020-09-08T09:18:47.221088Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-09-08T09:18:48.197576Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-09-08T09:18:48.881761Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: wi&bekMKY7y<

排查再上一级目录，ssd 权限700，
drwx------ 5 root root 169 9月 8 17:57 ssd
修改为755后将mysql移回/ssd下，通过正常初始化

mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/ssd/mysql/ --datadir=/ssd/mysql/data/
2020-09-08T10:02:51.878496Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-09-08T10:02:52.128342Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-09-08T10:02:52.173952Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-09-08T10:02:52.230032Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 754b46f0-f1ba-11ea-b375-90e2ba0620e8.
2020-09-08T10:02:52.230822Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-09-08T10:02:53.004203Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-09-08T10:02:53.427709Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: oyRlfJoj)2e8

 

五、启动数据库，配置帐号及防火墙

复制有关的启动及服务配置文件：
# cp support-files/my_default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
# systemctl start mysqld
Failed to start mysqld.service: Unit not found.
# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/ssd/mysql/data/mysqld.log'.
[ 确定 ]
#

查看mysql服务是否在服务配置中

chkconfig --list mysql

若没有，则把mysql注册为开机启动的服务，然后在进行查看

chkconfig --add mysql

chkconfig --list mysql

修改密码，初始化时提示有密码，也可在log文件中查找。
# ./bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password: //输入初始化密码oyRlfJoj)2e8
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql> set password=password('新密码');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>

或者：

mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('新密码') where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;

 

添加远程访问权限

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit;

添加防火墙

firewall-cmd --new-service=mysql --permanent
firewall-cmd --service=mysql --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --service=mysql --set-description='This is a mysql service !' --permanent
firewall-cmd --service=mysql --set-short=mysql --permanent

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule 'rule family="ipv4" source ipset="admiplist" service name=mysql accept'

firewall-cmd --reload