000_MySql & MariaDB 安装

MySql & MariaDB 安装

1. MySql 安装（二进制）

1.1 下载MySQL

https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

1.2 解压、移动目录位置

tar -zxf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

mv mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /mnt/installer/mysql

1.3 创建用户

useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql

1.4 修改数据目录权限

cd /mnt/installer/mysql

chown -R mysql.data

1.5 初始化配置

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mnt/installer/mysql/data

• 报错：
  FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db: Data::Dumper

• 解决:yum -y install autoconf

1.6 拷贝配置文件和服务

cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

1.7 编辑服务文件

vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
#### 修改配置文件以下参数
basedir=/mnt/installer/mysql
datadir=/mnt/installer/mysql/data

1.8 添加开机启动/启动mysql

chkconfig --add mysqld

chkconfig mysqld on

service mysqld start

1.9 更改环境变量

#### 编辑环境变量文件
vim /etc/profile.d/path.sh
#### 添加MySQL路径
#!/bin/bash
export PATH=$PATH:/mnt/installer/mysql/bin
#### 生效环境变量
source /etc/profile.d/path.sh

---

2. MariaDB 安装 (YUM)

在CentOS 7.0安装MariaDB的数据库，在这里记录下安装过程，以便以后查看。

2.1 安装MariaDB

• 安装命令 yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
• 启动MariaDB systemctl start mariadb
• 设置开机启动 systemctl enable mariadb

2.2 初始化MariaDB

mysql_secure_installation

Enter current password for root (enter for none):<–        //初次运行直接回车
……
Set root password? [Y/n] <–         //是否设置root用户密码
New password: <–         //设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password: <–         //再输入一次你设置的密码
……
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <–         //是否删除匿名用户
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–        //是否禁止root远程登录
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <–         //是否删除test数据库
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <–         //是否重新加载权限表

初始化MariaDB完成，接下来测试登录
进入数据库mysql -uroot -p "password"

2.3 配置MariaDB的字符集

• 修改配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

在[mysqld]标签下添加

init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake

vi /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf

在[client]中添加

…………
default-character-set=utf8`
…………

vi /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf

在[mysql]中添加

…………
default-character-set=utf8`
…………

重启mariadb :systemctl restart mariadb

2.4 查看MariaDB字符集

mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";

显示为

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

字符集配置完成。

2.5 添加用户，设置权限

• 创建用户命令 mysql>create user username@localhost identified by 'password';
• 直接创建用户并授权的命令 mysql>grant all on *.* to username@localhost indentified by 'password';
• 授予外网登陆权限 mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to username@'%' identified by 'password';
• 授予权限并且可以授权 mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to username@'hostname' identified by 'password' with grant option;

简单的用户和权限配置基本就这样了,其中只授予部分权限把 其中 all privileges或者all改为select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file其中一部分。