java===java基础学习(11)---继承

继承可以解决代码复用,让编程更加靠近人的思维。当多个类存在相同的属性(变量)和方法时,可以从这些类中抽象出父类,在父类中定义这些相同的属性和方法。所有的子类不需要重新定义这些属性和方法,只需要通过extends语句来声明继承父类:

class 子类 extends 父类

这样,子类就会自动拥有父类定义的属性和方法。

*父类的public修饰符的属性和方法,protected修饰符的属性和方法,默认修饰符的属性和方法被子类继承了,父类的private修饰符的属性和方法不能被子类继承。

注意事项:

  • 子类最多只能继承一个父类
  • java所有的类都是object类的子类

 

 

 

下面是由继承Employee 类来定义Manager 类的格式, 关键字extends 表示继承。

public class Manager extends Employee{  添加方法和域}

子类中继承父类的域和方法;

 

子类构造器

public Manger(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day){  super(name, salary, year, month, day);  bonus = 0;}

因为子类终的构造器不能直接访问父类的私有域,所以必须利用父类的构造器对这部分私有域进行初始化,可以使用super实现对父类构造器的调用。使用super调用构造器的语句必须是子类构造器的第一条语句。

package testbotoo;

import java.time.LocalDate;




public class Employee
{
    private String name;
    private double salary;
    private LocalDate hireDay;
    
    public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
    {
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
        hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);        
    }
    
    
    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }
    
    public double getSalary()
    {
        return salary;
    }
    
}

 

package testbotoo;

public class Manager extends Employee 
{
    private double bonus;
    
    /**
     * @param name the employee's name
     * @param salary the salary
     * @param year the hire year
     * @param month the dire onth 
     * @param day the hire day 
     */
    
    public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
    {
        super(name, salary, year, month, day);
        bonus = 0;
    }
    
    public double getSalary()
    {
        double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
        return baseSalary +bonus;
    }
    
    public void setBonus(double b)
    {
        bonus = b;
    }

}

 

package testbotoo;

public class ManagerTest {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Manager boss = new Manager("aaa",8000,1999,12,20);
        
        boss.setBonus(5000);
        
        Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];
        
        staff[0] = boss;
        staff[1] = new Employee("hary",5000,1989,3,15);
        staff[2] = new Employee("mayun",50000,1989,3,16);
        
        for (Employee e : staff)
            System.out.println("name="+e.getName()+",salary="+e.getSalary());
    }

}

 

posted @ 2018-04-08 14:41  botoo  阅读(223)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报