docker镜像制作

1、安装

yum install docker -y systemctl enable dockersystemctl start docker

注意：启动前应当设置源

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

这里设置阿里的，注册阿里云账户号每个用户都有：

[root@web1 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service [Unit]Description=Docker Application Container EngineDocumentation=http://docs.docker.comAfter=network.targetWants=docker-storage-setup.serviceRequires=docker-cleanup.timer[Service]Type=notifyNotifyAccess=mainEnvironmentFile=-/run/containers/registries.confEnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/dockerEnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-storageEnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-networkEnvironment=GOTRACEBACK=crashEnvironment=DOCKER_HTTP_HOST_COMPAT=1Environment=PATH=/usr/libexec/docker:/usr/bin:/usr/sbinExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd-current --registry-mirror=https://rfcod7oz.mirror.aliyuncs.com \ #这个值可以登陆阿里云账号请参考下图          --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current \          --default-runtime=docker-runc \          --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd \          --userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current \          --init-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current \          --seccomp-profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json \          $OPTIONS \          $DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS \          $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS \          $ADD_REGISTRY \          $BLOCK_REGISTRY \          $INSECURE_REGISTRY \          $REGISTRIESExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPIDLimitNOFILE=1048576LimitNPROC=1048576LimitCORE=infinityTimeoutStartSec=0Restart=on-abnormalKillMode=process[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

 

image

2、docker版本查询

[root@web1 ~]# docker versionClient: Version:         1.13.1 API version:     1.26 Package version: docker-1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos.x86_64 Go version:      go1.10.3 Git commit:      b2f74b2/1.13.1 Built:           Wed May  1 14:55:20 2019 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64Server: Version:         1.13.1 API version:     1.26 (minimum version 1.12) Package version: docker-1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos.x86_64 Go version:      go1.10.3 Git commit:      b2f74b2/1.13.1 Built:           Wed May  1 14:55:20 2019 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64 Experimental:    false

3、搜索下载镜像

docker pull alpine　　　　　　　　　　#下载镜像docker search nginx　　　　　　　　　 #查看镜像docker pull nginx

4、查看已经下载的镜像

[root@web1 ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEzxg/my_nginx        v1                  b164f4c07c64        8 days ago          126 MBzxg/my_nginx        latest              f07837869dfc        8 days ago          126 MBdocker.io/nginx     latest              e445ab08b2be        2 weeks ago         126 MBdocker.io/alpine    latest              b7b28af77ffe        3 weeks ago         5.58 MBdocker.io/centos    latest              9f38484d220f        4 months ago        202 MB[root@web1 ~]# 

5、导出镜像

docker  save nginx >/tmp/nginx.tar.gz

6、删除镜像

docker rmi -f nginx

7、导入镜像

docker load </tmp/nginx.tar.gz

8、默认配置文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

[Unit]Description=Docker Application Container EngineDocumentation=http://docs.docker.comAfter=network.targetWants=docker-storage-setup.serviceRequires=docker-cleanup.timer[Service]Type=notifyNotifyAccess=mainEnvironmentFile=-/run/containers/registries.confEnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/dockerEnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-storageEnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-networkEnvironment=GOTRACEBACK=crashEnvironment=DOCKER_HTTP_HOST_COMPAT=1Environment=PATH=/usr/libexec/docker:/usr/bin:/usr/sbinExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd-current --registry-mirror=https://rfcod7oz.mirror.aliyuncs.com \          --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current \          --default-runtime=docker-runc \          --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd \          --userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current \          --init-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current \          --seccomp-profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json \          $OPTIONS \          $DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS \          $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS \          $ADD_REGISTRY \          $BLOCK_REGISTRY \          $INSECURE_REGISTRY \          $REGISTRIESExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPIDLimitNOFILE=1048576LimitNPROC=1048576LimitCORE=infinityTimeoutStartSec=0Restart=on-abnormalKillMode=process[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target~                                                                                                                   ~                                                                                                                   ~                                                                                                                   ~       

如果更改存储目录就添加

--graph=/opt/docker      

如果更改DNS——默认采用宿主机的dns

--dns=xxxx的方式指定

9、运行hello world

这里用centos镜像echo一个hello word

[root@web1 overlay2]#  docker imagesREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEzxg/my_nginx        v1                  b164f4c07c64        8 days ago          126 MBzxg/my_nginx        latest              f07837869dfc        8 days ago          126 MBdocker.io/nginx     latest              e445ab08b2be        2 weeks ago         126 MBdocker.io/alpine    latest              b7b28af77ffe        3 weeks ago         5.58 MBdocker.io/centos    latest              9f38484d220f        4 months ago        202 MB[root@web1 overlay2]# docker run centos echo "hello world"hello world[root@web1 overlay2]#

10、运行一个容器-run

[root@web1 overlay2]# docker run -it alpine sh   #运行并进入alpine  / # / # / # / # / # / # lsbin    etc    lib    mnt    proc   run    srv    tmp    vardev    home   media  opt    root   sbin   sys    usr/ # cd tmp/tmp # exit 

后台运行（-d后台运行）（--name添加一个名字）

[root@web1 overlay2]# docker run -it -d --name test1 alpineac46c019b800d34c37d4f9dcd56c974cb82eca3acf185e5f8f80c8a60075e343[root@web1 overlay2]# docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMESac46c019b800        alpine              "/bin/sh"           5 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds                            test1[root@web1 overlay2]#  

还有一种-rm参数，ctrl+c后就删除，可以测试环境用，生成环境用的少

[root@web1 overlay2]# docker run -it  --rm --name centos nginx ^C[root@web1 overlay2]# ##另开一个窗口[root@web1 ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES3397b96ea7bd        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   27 seconds ago      Up 25 seconds       80/tcp              centosac46c019b800        alpine              "/bin/sh"                4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes                            test1[root@web1 ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMESac46c019b800        alpine              "/bin/sh"           4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes                            test1[root@web1 ~]# 

11、如何进入容器

三种方法，上面已经演示了一种第一种，需要容器本身的pid及util-linux，不推荐，暂时不演示了第二种，不分配bash终端的一种实施操作，不推荐，这种操作如果在开一个窗口也能看到操作的指令，所有人都能看到。

[root@web1 overlay2]# docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES9fc796e928d7        nginx               "sh"                2 minutes ago       Up 8 seconds        80/tcp              mynginxac46c019b800        alpine              "/bin/sh"           12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                           test1[root@web1 overlay2]# docker attach mynginx# # # # # lsbin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var# exit　　[root@web1 overlay2]# docker attach mynginxYou cannot attach to a stopped container, start it first[root@web1 overlay2]# docker ps CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMESac46c019b800        alpine              "/bin/sh"           13 minutes ago      Up 13 minutes                           test1[root@web1 overlay2]# 

第三种：exec方式，终端时分开的，推荐

[root@web1 overlay2]# docker exec -it mynginx sh# # # # ls bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var# exit[root@web1 overlay2]# [root@web1 overlay2]# [root@web1 overlay2]# [root@web1 overlay2]# docker padocker: 'pa' is not a docker command.See 'docker --help'[root@web1 overlay2]# docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES6fc2d091cfe9        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   45 seconds ago      Up 43 seconds       80/tcp              mynginxac46c019b800        alpine              "/bin/sh"                16 minutes ago      Up 16 minutes                           test1

12、查看docker进程及删除容器

上面已经演示：

[root@web1 overlay2]# docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES9fc796e928d7        nginx               "sh"                2 minutes ago       Up 8 seconds        80/tcp              mynginxac46c019b800        alpine              "/bin/sh"           12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                           test1

[root@web1 overlay2]# docker ps -a 　　　　　　#-a :显示所有的容器，包括未运行的CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES9fc796e928d7        nginx               "sh"                     4 minutes ago       Exited (0) About a minute ago                       mynginxac46c019b800        alpine              "/bin/sh"                15 minutes ago      Up 15 minutes                                       test13bf234febeaa        alpine              "sh"                     17 minutes ago      Exited (0) 16 minutes ago                           youthful_lumiereab113c63f0b4        centos              "echo 'hello world'"     31 minutes ago      Exited (0) 31 minutes ago                           infallible_torvaldsb326027dcf42        zxg/my_nginx        "nginx"                  8 days ago          Exited (0) 8 days ago                               my_nginx4f1f1ca319f2        centos              "bash"                   8 days ago          Exited (137) 8 days ago                             musing_lichterman64b4e32991c7        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   12 days ago         Exited (0) 12 days ago                              mynginx1aee506fe7b5a        alpine              "sh"                     12 days ago         Created                                             infallible_haibt70620c73b9a0        alpine              "sh"                     12 days ago         Created                                             gallant_volhard7655cbf87bb0        alpine              "sh"                     12 days ago         Created                                             agitated_brahmagupta33fb949372e8        fce289e99eb9        "/hello"                 12 days ago         Created                                             elastic_dijkstra9de47616aea4        fce289e99eb9        "/hello"                 13 days ago         Created                                             confident_fermi[root@web1 overlay2]# docker rm 9fc796e928d7 #rm时删除一个或多个容器   9fc796e928d7

13、查看容器详细信息

并不需要进入到容器里面，通过查看详细信息看到了刚才运行的nginx，宿主机curl ip地址访问一下运行情况。

[root@web1 overlay2]#  docker inspect mynginx[    {        "Id": "6fc2d091cfe9b0484da3e70db842446bbdfeb7f5e5409c2e40ae21b99498d010",        "Created": "2019-08-07T08:57:48.864538933Z",        "Path": "nginx",        "Args": [            "-g",            "daemon off;"        ],        "State": {            "Status": "running",            "Running": true,            "Paused": false,            "Restarting": false,            "OOMKilled": false,            "Dead": false,            "Pid": 119948,            "ExitCode": 0,            "Error": "",            "StartedAt": "2019-08-07T08:57:49.417992182Z",            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"        },        "Image": "sha256:e445ab08b2be8b178655b714f89e5db9504f67defd5c7408a00bade679a50d44",        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6fc2d091cfe9b0484da3e70db842446bbdfeb7f5e5409c2e40ae21b99498d010/resolv.conf",        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6fc2d091cfe9b0484da3e70db842446bbdfeb7f5e5409c2e40ae21b99498d010/hostname",        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6fc2d091cfe9b0484da3e70db842446bbdfeb7f5e5409c2e40ae21b99498d010/hosts",        "LogPath": "",        "Name": "/mynginx",        "RestartCount": 0,        "Driver": "overlay2",        "MountLabel": "",        "ProcessLabel": "",        "AppArmorProfile": "",        "ExecIDs": null,        "HostConfig": {            "Binds": null,            "ContainerIDFile": "",            "LogConfig": {                "Type": "journald",                "Config": {}            },            "NetworkMode": "default",            "PortBindings": {},            "RestartPolicy": {                "Name": "no",                "MaximumRetryCount": 0            },            "AutoRemove": false,            "VolumeDriver": "",            "VolumesFrom": null,            "CapAdd": null,            "CapDrop": null,            "Dns": [],            "DnsOptions": [],            "DnsSearch": [],            "ExtraHosts": null,            "GroupAdd": null,            "IpcMode": "",            "Cgroup": "",            "Links": null,            "OomScoreAdj": 0,            "PidMode": "",            "Privileged": false,            "PublishAllPorts": false,            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,            "SecurityOpt": null,            "UTSMode": "",            "UsernsMode": "",            "ShmSize": 67108864,            "Runtime": "docker-runc",            "ConsoleSize": [                0,                0            ],            "Isolation": "",            "CpuShares": 0,            "Memory": 0,            "NanoCpus": 0,            "CgroupParent": "",            "BlkioWeight": 0,            "BlkioWeightDevice": null,            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,            "CpuPeriod": 0,            "CpuQuota": 0,            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,            "CpusetCpus": "",            "CpusetMems": "",            "Devices": [],            "DiskQuota": 0,            "KernelMemory": 0,            "MemoryReservation": 0,            "MemorySwap": 0,            "MemorySwappiness": -1,            "OomKillDisable": false,            "PidsLimit": 0,            "Ulimits": null,            "CpuCount": 0,            "CpuPercent": 0,            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0        },        "GraphDriver": {            "Name": "overlay2",            "Data": {                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/937140af0aee6c43f04c2d7b72e6b5451a44fef921417e8236d9fe01e9286c7a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d8e95505fc3894eb30b48e4b0f48ab5e89d99c09a07c79c0b057c611621e31eb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b2a6a25974bf17398b698a27208711574be3c69a2cd06658bbe838359f373a27/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d4610bc89b3ba8ad6ab30ea895fc3a06efff15db493d86ac9bc100e04abbab67/diff",                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/937140af0aee6c43f04c2d7b72e6b5451a44fef921417e8236d9fe01e9286c7a/merged",                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/937140af0aee6c43f04c2d7b72e6b5451a44fef921417e8236d9fe01e9286c7a/diff",                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/937140af0aee6c43f04c2d7b72e6b5451a44fef921417e8236d9fe01e9286c7a/work"            }        },        "Mounts": [],        "Config": {            "Hostname": "6fc2d091cfe9",            "Domainname": "",            "User": "",            "AttachStdin": false,            "AttachStdout": false,            "AttachStderr": false,            "ExposedPorts": {                "80/tcp": {}            },            "Tty": true,            "OpenStdin": true,            "StdinOnce": false,            "Env": [                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",                "NGINX_VERSION=1.17.2",                "NJS_VERSION=0.3.3",                "PKG_RELEASE=1~buster"            ],            "Cmd": [                "nginx",                "-g",                "daemon off;"            ],            "ArgsEscaped": true,            "Image": "nginx",            "Volumes": null,            "WorkingDir": "",            "Entrypoint": null,            "OnBuild": null,            "Labels": {                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"            },            "StopSignal": "SIGTERM"        },        "NetworkSettings": {            "Bridge": "",            "SandboxID": "3ece36008fbc5f3f46d3d251cf803c1478cc14032d74a36747e4ed8a115b81df",            "HairpinMode": false,            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,            "Ports": {                "80/tcp": null            },            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/3ece36008fbc",            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,            "EndpointID": "898de81d97d54d2b60aeb6cc77ef1b4f9b481d1b72f542faa496494594024eac",            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",  　　　　　　#看到ip地址            "IPPrefixLen": 16,            "IPv6Gateway": "",            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",            "Networks": {                "bridge": {                    "IPAMConfig": null,                    "Links": null,                    "Aliases": null,                    "NetworkID": "2edae9131e77500a56d251b94ab2cdf0bc86f8df9f2453fa46bf4bab2f7be99f",                    "EndpointID": "898de81d97d54d2b60aeb6cc77ef1b4f9b481d1b72f542faa496494594024eac",                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,                    "IPv6Gateway": "",                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03"                }            }        }    }][root@web1 overlay2]# curl 172.17.0.1　　　　　　#访问一下<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">    <head>        <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Fedora</title>        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />        <style type="text/css">            /*<![CDATA[*/            body {                background-color: #fff;                color: #000;                font-size: 0.9em;                font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;                margin: 0;                padding: 0;            }            :link {                color: #c00;            }            :visited {                color: #c00;            }            a:hover {                color: #f50;            }            h1 {                text-align: center;                margin: 0;                padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;                background-color: #294172;                color: #fff;                font-weight: normal;                font-size: 1.75em;                border-bottom: 2px solid #000;            }            h1 strong {                font-weight: bold;                font-size: 1.5em;            }            h2 {                text-align: center;                background-color: #3C6EB4;                font-size: 1.1em;                font-weight: bold;                color: #fff;                margin: 0;                padding: 0.5em;                border-bottom: 2px solid #294172;            }            hr {                display: none;            }            .content {                padding: 1em 5em;            }            .alert {                border: 2px solid #000;            }            img {                border: 2px solid #fff;                padding: 2px;                margin: 2px;            }            a:hover img {                border: 2px solid #294172;            }            .logos {                margin: 1em;                text-align: center;            }            /*]]>*/        </style>    </head>    <body>        <h1>Welcome to <strong>nginx</strong> on Fedora!</h1>        <div class="content">            <p>This page is used to test the proper operation of the            <strong>nginx</strong> HTTP server after it has been            installed. If you can read this page, it means that the            web server installed at this site is working            properly.</p>            <div class="alert">                <h2>Website Administrator</h2>                <div class="content">                    <p>This is the default <tt>index.html</tt> page that                    is distributed with <strong>nginx</strong> on                    Fedora.  It is located in                    <tt>/usr/share/nginx/html</tt>.</p>                    <p>You should now put your content in a location of                    your choice and edit the <tt>root</tt> configuration                    directive in the <strong>nginx</strong>                    configuration file                    <tt>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</tt>.</p>                </div>            </div>            <div class="logos">                <a href="http://nginx.net/"><img                    src="nginx-logo.png"                     alt="[ Powered by nginx ]"                    width="121" height="32" /></a>                <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/"><img                     src="poweredby.png"                     alt="[ Powered by Fedora ]"                     width="88" height="31" /></a>            </div>        </div>    </body></html>[root@web1 overlay2]# 

14、查看日志

-f 挂起这个终端，动态查看日志

[root@web1 ~]# docker logs  -f mynginx

作者：码农小光
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/41bee79b6cbc
来源：简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。