实验八 静态路由

实验八 静态路由

实验目的：

• 理解路由器的工作原理
• 理解静态路由
• 掌握静态路由的配置

实验拓扑

计算机IP地址及网关地址：
PC1：192.168.1.1/24 GW：192.168.1.254
PC2：192.168.2.1/24 GW：192.168.2.254
路由器AR1接口的IP地址：
G0/0/0：192.168.1.254/24
G0/0/1：192.168.3.1/24
路由器AR2接口的IP地址：
G0/0/0：192.168.2.254/24
G0/0/1：192.168.3.2/4

实验步骤

一、配置各计算机的IP地址

1.PC1的IP地址配置

2.PC2的IP地址配置

二、配置路由器各接口地址并开启接口

1.配置AR1的接口地址并开启接口

点击查看代码

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname AR1
[AR1]inte g0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.254 24
Apr  6 2023 21:49:48-08:00 AR1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR1]
[AR1]
[AR1]interface g0/0/1
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.1 24
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Apr  6 2023 21:51:56-08:00 AR1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

2.配置AR2的接口地址并开启接口

点击查看代码

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]inte g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.169.2.254 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Apr  6 2023 21:54:15-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]inte g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.2 24
Apr  6 2023 21:54:37-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.2 24
Error: The address already exists.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

三、测试两台计算机的连通性

从PC1通过ping命令测试与PC2的连通性

点击查看代码

Welcome to use PC Simulator!

PC>ipconfig

Link local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fe9b:3c7f
IPv6 address......................: :: / 128
IPv6 gateway......................: ::
IPv4 address......................: 192.168.1.1
Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.0
Gateway...........................: 192.168.1.254
Physical address..................: 54-89-98-9B-3C-7F
DNS server........................:

PC>ping 192.168.2.1

Ping 192.168.2.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
Request timeout!

--- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  0 packet(s) received
  100.00% packet loss

PC>

通过以上结果，可以看出PC1到PC2是不能连通的。
接下来，测试与网关的连通性，即192.168.1.254IP地址对应的接口G0/0/0的连通性。

点击查看代码

PC>ping 192.168.1.254

Ping 192.168.1.254: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=255 time=78 ms
From 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=255 time=16 ms
From 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=255 time=15 ms
From 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=255 time=16 ms

--- 192.168.1.254 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 15/34/78 ms

PC>

四、在两台路由器上配置静态路由

1.查看AR1的静态路由

点击查看代码

[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.254   GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
  192.168.1.254/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
  192.168.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
    192.168.3.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.3.1     GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
    192.168.3.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
  192.168.3.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[AR1]

通过以上结果发现只有到192.168.1.0和192.168.3.0网段的路由信息，而这两个路由是直连路由。

2.配置AR1的静态路由

在本实验中，共有三个IP子网，分别是192.168.1.0、192.168.2.0、192.168.3.0，与AR1非直连的只有192.168.2.0，所以在AR1上只需要配置到达192.168.2.0的路由即可，到达该网段的路由需要通过AR1的G0/0/1端口进行转发，所以配置的下一跳地址是与该接口直接相连的对端路由器AR2的G0/0/1接口的IP地址。
[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.3.2

３．配置AR2的静态路由

同理，配置AR2的静态路由，在该路由器的配置中，使用的接口对端的IP地址的模式。
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.3.1

五、测试两台PC的连通性