第七周学习

一、破坏mbr分区表并修复
#备份MBR分区表
[root@centos7 ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/data/dpt.img bs=1 count=64 skip=446
[root@centos7 ~]# scp /data/dpt.img 192.168.150.128:
#破坏MBR分区表
[root@centos7 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=64 seek=446
#重启,无法启动,提示error:no such partion. Entering rescue mode...   grub rescue
#从光盘启动,选择troubleshooting,在选择rescue a centos system,进去后选择1再回车或者3 skip to shell都可以。
#配置网络
sh-4.2# ifconfig ens33 192.168.150.129/24
sh-4.2# scp 192.168.150.128:/root/dpt.img .
#恢复MBR分区表
sh-4.2# dd if=dpt.img of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=64 seek=446
#重启测试
二、总结RAID的各个级别及其组合方式和性能的不同。
RAID级别 可用空间 容错能力 最少磁盘数量 读写性能
RAID-0 N*min(S1,S2,...) 2(2+) 读写性能提升
RAID-1 1*min(S1,S2,...) 有冗余 2(2N) 读性能提升、写性能下降
RAID-5 (N-1)*min(S1,S2,...) 有容错能力,最多允许坏一块磁盘 3(3+) 读写性能提升
RAID-6 (N-2)*min(S1,S2,...) 有容错能力,最多允许坏两块磁盘 4(4+) 读写性能提升
RAID-10 N*min(S1,S2,...)/2 有容错能力,每组镜像最多只能坏一块磁盘 4(4+) 读写性能提升
RAID-01 N*min(S1,S2,...)/2 有容错能力,每组镜像最多只能坏一块磁盘 4(4+) 读写性能提升
RAID-50 有容错能力,每组镜像最多只能坏一块磁盘 6(6+) 读写性能提升
JBOD sum(S1,S2,...) 多块磁盘空间合并成连续空间使用
三、创建一个2G的文件系统,块大小为2048byte,预留1%可用空间,文件系统 ext4,卷标为TEST,要求此分区开机后自动挂载至/test目录,且默认有acl挂载选项
#生成一个2G的文件
[root@centos7 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=file1.img bs=1M count=2048
#创建文件系统
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -m 1 -L "TEST" file1.img
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
file1.img is not a block special device.
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Discarding device blocks: done                            
Filesystem label=TEST
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 1048576 blocks
10485 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=269484032
64 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 
[root@centos7 ~]# file file1.img
file1.img: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=4a818ff8-7e10-4057-9bff-ce31b29c82c5, volume name "TEST" (extents) (64bit) (huge files)
#创建目录并设置自动挂载
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /test
[root@centos7 ~]# echo "/root/file1.img  /test  ext4  acl  0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Feb 28 10:36:15 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=63e345b0-a313-47cc-8cee-36bf03b83289 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-data /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/root/file1.img  /test  ext4  acl  0 0
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME                    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                       8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1                    8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2                    8:2    0  154G  0 part 
  ├─centos_centos7-root 253:0    0  100G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos_centos7-swap 253:1    0    4G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos_centos7-data 253:2    0   50G  0 lvm  /data
sr0                      11:0    1  918M  0 rom  
loop0                     7:0    0    2G  0 loop /test
四、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG;要求PE大小 为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv;挂载至/users目录
#添加两块硬盘分别是15G和10G,并用命令扫描出新加的硬盘
[root@centos7 ~]# echo "- - -" >  /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME                    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                       8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1                    8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2                    8:2    0  154G  0 part 
  ├─centos_centos7-root 253:0    0  100G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos_centos7-swap 253:1    0    4G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos_centos7-data 253:2    0   50G  0 lvm  /data
sdb                       8:16   0   15G  0 disk 
sdc                       8:32   0   10G  0 disk 
sr0                      11:0    1  918M  0 rom  
loop0                     7:0    0    2G  0 loop /test
#准备用sdb15G和sdc中分一个5G的分区出来组成PV
[root@centos7 ~]# echo -e 'n\np\n\n\n+5G\nw\n' | fdisk /dev/sdc
#安装lvm2工具
[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install lvm2
#创建pv
[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
[root@centos7 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG             Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree 
  /dev/sda2  centos_centos7 lvm2 a--  154.00g     0 
  /dev/sdb                  lvm2 ---   15.00g 15.00g
  /dev/sdc1                 lvm2 ---    5.00g  5.00g
#创建指定PE大小为16M的testvg
[root@centos7 ~]# vgcreate -s 16 testvg /dev/sdb /dev/sdc1
  Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[root@centos7 ~]# vgs
  VG             #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree  
  centos_centos7   1   3   0 wz--n- 154.00g      0 
  testvg           2   0   0 wz--n- <19.97g <19.97g
[root@centos7 ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               testvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               <19.97 GiB
  PE Size               16.00 MiB
  Total PE              1278
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       1278 / <19.97 GiB
  VG UUID               dCF8i9-JXSG-1wYK-nEWC-gFlJ-X3Mk-rnGZBW
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos_centos7
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               154.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              39424
  Alloc PE / Size       39424 / 154.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               yn3zID-XfO9-kAXT-iuUH-MM0S-LORr-Q5j9zc
#创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv
[root@centos7 ~]# lvcreate -n testlv -L 5G testvg
  Logical volume "testlv" created.
[root@centos7 ~]# lvs
  LV     VG             Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  data   centos_centos7 -wi-ao----  50.00g
  root   centos_centos7 -wi-ao---- 100.00g
  swap   centos_centos7 -wi-ao----   4.00g
  testlv testvg         -wi-a-----   5.00g  
# 在lv上创建文件系统
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/testlv
#创建目录并做相应的挂载
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /users
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
Filesystem                       Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-root  100G  2.0G   98G   2% /
devtmpfs                         898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs                            910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                            910M  9.6M  901M   2% /run
tmpfs                            910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0                       2.0G  9.1M  1.9G   1% /test
/dev/sda1                       1014M  146M  869M  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-data   50G   33M   50G   1% /data
tmpfs                            182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv        4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /users
posted @ 2021-03-28 15:34  jy03017317  阅读(71)  评论(0)    收藏  举报