# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
# 工程路径：selenium驱动浏览器详解.py
# 工程日期：10/6/2019
# 工程目标：selenium 自动化测试库
#%% 用来驱动浏览器模拟人的操作
# 主要用于解析JS渲染的页面
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
browser = webdriver.Chrome() # 声明一个浏览器对象
try:
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com') # 发起请求
input = browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
input.send_keys('美女图片') # 输入关键字
input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) # 回车
wait = WebDriverWait(browser,10) # 等待
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'content_left'))) # 等待条件
print(browser.current_url) #输出 URL
print(browser.get_cookies()) # 查看cookie
finally:
print("ok")
browser.close()
#%% 选择元素
# 普通选择
# css选择
# xpath选择
# 选取单个元素
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('http://www.taobao.com')
find_nom = browser.find_elements_by_id('q') # 正常方式查找
find_css = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#q') # css选择器查找
find_xpath = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="q"]') # xpath解析查找
print(find_css, find_nom, find_xpath)
"""
* find_element_by_name
* find_element_by_xpath
* find_element_by_link_text
* find_element_by_partial_link_text
* find_element_by_tag_name
* find_element_by_class_name
* find_element_by_css_selector
"""
# 通用查找 browser.find_element(By.ID, 'w')
find_us = browser.find_element(By.ID, 'q')
print(find_us)
# 多个元素查找
print("----查找多个元素----")
find_more = browser.find_elements_by_id('q')
find_more_css = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('.service-bd li')
# 注意普通参数和CSS参数， 以及选择的那个元素和多个元素的复数的区别
find_more_nom = browser.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.service-bd li')
print(find_more)
print(find_more_css)
print("# 注意普通参数和CSS参数， 以及选择的那个元素和多个元素的复数的区别")
print(find_more_nom)
""" 多个元素的的返回是列表的形式
* find_elements_by_name
* find_elements_by_xpath
* find_elements_by_link_text
* find_elements_by_partial_link_text
* find_elements_by_tag_name
* find_elements_by_class_name
* find_elements_by_css_selector
"""
#%% 元素的交互操作
# 对浏览器中的
# 获取浏览器的文本框，按钮，滑动条，交互 输入文字，对浏览器的元素进行操作模拟人交互
from selenium import webdriver
import time
browser = webdriver.Chrome() # 申明对象
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com') # 发起请求
input = browser.find_element_by_id('q') # 查找目标元素
input.send_keys('iPhone') # 输入关键字
time.sleep(1) # 模拟等待
input.clear() # 删除输入的关键字
input.send_keys('iPad') # 再次输入关键字
button = browser.find_element_by_class_name('btn-search') # 查找search点击按钮
button.click() # 模拟按钮的点击
#%% 更多操作: http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement
#%% 交互的动作 将元素的动作加到动作链中串行执行， action chains 动作链
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'
browser.get(url)
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') # 切换到 iframe标签
source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable') # 找到被拖动元素
target = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#droppable') # 找到拖动的位置的目标元素
actions = ActionChains(browser) # 申明动作链对象
actions.drag_and_drop(source, target) # 执行拖拽
actions.perform() # 显示
#其他交互操作: http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains
"""
click_and_hold(on_element=None)
Holds down the left mouse button on an element.
Args:
on_element: The element to mouse down. If None, clicks on current mouse position.
context_click(on_element=None)
Performs a context-click (right click) on an element.
Args:
on_element: The element to context-click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.
double_click(on_element=None)
Double-clicks an element.
Args:
on_element: The element to double-click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.
drag_and_drop(source, target)
Holds down the left mouse button on the source element,
then moves to the target element and releases the mouse button.
Args:
source: The element to mouse down.
target: The element to mouse up.
drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, xoffset, yoffset)
Holds down the left mouse button on the source element,
then moves to the target offset and releases the mouse button.
Args:
source: The element to mouse down.
xoffset: X offset to move to.
yoffset: Y offset to move to.
key_down(value, element=None)
Sends a key press only, without releasing it.
Should only be used with modifier keys (Control, Alt and Shift).
Args:
value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class.
element: The element to send keys. If None, sends a key to current focused element.
Example, pressing ctrl+c:
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
key_up(value, element=None)
Releases a modifier key.
Args:
value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class.
element: The element to send keys. If None, sends a key to current focused element.
Example, pressing ctrl+c:
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset)
Moving the mouse to an offset from current mouse position.
Args:
xoffset: X offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer.
yoffset: Y offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer.
move_to_element(to_element)
Moving the mouse to the middle of an element.
Args:
to_element: The WebElement to move to.
move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset)
Move the mouse by an offset of the specified element.
Offsets are relative to the top-left corner of the element.
Args:
to_element: The WebElement to move to.
xoffset: X offset to move to.
yoffset: Y offset to move to.
pause(seconds)
Pause all inputs for the specified duration in seconds
perform()
Performs all stored actions.
release(on_element=None)
Releasing a held mouse button on an element.
Args:
on_element: The element to mouse up. If None, releases on current mouse position.
reset_actions()
Clears actions that are already stored locally and on the remote end
send_keys(*keys_to_send)
Sends keys to current focused element.
Args:
keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the ‘Keys’ class.
send_keys_to_element(element, *keys_to_send)
Sends keys to an element.
Args:
element: The element to send keys.
keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the ‘Keys’ class
"""
#%% 执行javascript
# 通过execute_script 来执行javascript交互
# 万能方法
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
browser.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')
browser.execute_script('alert("To Bottom")')
#%% 获取页面的节点的属性信息， 文本信息
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
input1 = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-nav-link')
print(input.text)
print(input1.text)
#%% 翻页操作
import time
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')
browser.get('https://www.python.org/')
browser.back()
time.sleep(1)
browser.forward()
browser.close()
#%% cookies 使用和管理
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.add_cookie({'name': 'name', 'domain': 'www.zhihu.com', 'value': 'germey'})
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.delete_all_cookies()
print(browser.get_cookies())
#%% 异常的处理
# 查看官方文档详细的异常的情况
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
except TimeoutException:
print('Time Out')
try:
browser.find_element_by_id('hello')
except NoSuchElementException:
print('No Element')
finally:
browser.close()
# 官方文档：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.common.exceptions
