Docker 基础 (二)

网络管理

容器网络模式

Docker支持5种网络模式

bridge
- 默认网络，Docker启动后默认创建一个docker0网桥，默认创建的容器也是添加到这个网桥中
host
- 容器不会获得一个独立的network namespace，而是与宿主机共用一个
none
- 获取独立的network namespace，但不为容器进行任何网络配置
container
- 与指定的容器使用同一个network namespace，网卡配置也都是相同的
自定义
- 自定义网桥，默认与bridge网络一样

bridge网络类型

#安装bridge管理工具
[root@docker ~]# yum -y install bridge-utils

#查看网桥状态
[root@docker ~]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br-8b5c6f8dda1b        8000.0242c58ed7af    no        veth2353d8f    #网桥br-8b绑定了两个虚拟网卡
                            vethfcbcc06
docker0        8000.0242bb7816b0    no        vethc56d32e    #网桥docker0绑定了一个虚拟网卡
[root@Docker wordpress]# 
[root@Docker wordpress]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br-8b5c6f8dda1b        8000.0242c58ed7af    no        veth2353d8f
                            vethfcbcc06
docker0        8000.0242bb7816b0    no        vethc56d32e
#查看网络类型
[root@Docker ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
0473d8d3ea39        bridge              bridge              local    #两个网桥类型的网络
35eac1787b93        host                host                local
8b5c6f8dda1b        lnmp                bridge              local    #两个网桥类型的网络
6a55607e6320        none                null                local
#查看容器进程
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
c7b5cb26948f        centos:7                  "/bin/bash"              6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                                                elated_boyd
a2a3b9570ac6        richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   3 hours ago         Up 3 hours          443/tcp, 9000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_web
5457673cb241        mysql:5.7                 "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 hours ago         Up 3 hours          0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp                  lnmp_mysql
#查看容器lnmp_mysql的网络信息
[root@Docker ~]# docker inspect lnmp_mysql | grep -A 15 "Networks"
            "Networks": {
                "lnmp": {    　　　　　　　　#网络类型lnmp
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": [
                        "5457673cb241"
                    ],
                    "NetworkID": "8b5c6f8dda1b8412f67be21b72d5076defbd50a612f2cd33a282d8f66348d1ec",
                    "EndpointID": "a8ae67e4aa07f6e7743bc99e76eb0e331c8fb7cb7a3e5acbb6b7280108d29a4f",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",    　　　　#网关172.18.0.1，这就是网桥br
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",    　　　　#容器IP172.18.0.2
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
#查看容器lnmp_web的网络信息
[root@Docker ~]# docker inspect lnmp_web | grep -A 15 "Networks"
            "Networks": {
                "lnmp": {    　　　　　　　　#网络类型lnmp
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": [
                        "a2a3b9570ac6"
                    ],
                    "NetworkID": "8b5c6f8dda1b8412f67be21b72d5076defbd50a612f2cd33a282d8f66348d1ec",
                    "EndpointID": "d6788782be399d2abec275b3441442f7ea403cecd0530ad60bcce958cb963ba0",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",    　　　　　　#网关172.18.0.1，这就是网桥br
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",    　　　　　　#容器IP172.18.0.3
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
#查看容器elated_boyd的网络信息
[root@Docker ~]# docker inspect elated_boyd | grep -A 15 "Networks"
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "0473d8d3ea39bd48152b0f2e05a6408da847aff500ba40b28672e883a3e80c55",
                    "EndpointID": "cc7f088ac960195e606e2263361e3312d3d8bf010515e2b7c9d1bc29eba76c51",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",    　　　　　　#网关172.17.0.1，这就是网桥docker0
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",    　　　　　　　#容器IP172.17.0.2
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }

host网络类型

#启动一个网络类型为host的容器
[root@Docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test2 --network host centos:latest /bin/bash
c38f36ee9c4b7ba78e5344f0b9630b93dedea58b365fb5148bb84edef5d6ba1b
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS                                   NAMES
c38f36ee9c4b        centos:latest             "/bin/bash"              32 seconds ago      Up 31 seconds                                                          test2
c7b5cb26948f        centos:7                  "/bin/bash"              19 minutes ago      Up 19 minutes                                                          elated_boyd
994054a90325        nginx                     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   3 hours ago         Exited (0) About an hour ago                                           nginx-test
a2a3b9570ac6        richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   3 hours ago         Up 3 hours                     443/tcp, 9000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_web
5457673cb241        mysql:5.7                 "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 hours ago         Up 3 hours                     0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp                  lnmp_mysql
#查看容器的ip
[root@Docker ~]# docker exec test2 hostname -I     #这就是网络类型为host的容器，ip地址和docker宿主机完全一样
192.168.94.104 172.17.0.1 172.18.0.1 
[root@Docker ~]# docker exec elated_boyd hostname -I    #网桥类型容器
172.17.0.2 
[root@Docker ~]# docker exec lnmp_mysql hostname -i    #网桥类型容器
172.18.0.2
[root@Docker ~]# docker exec lnmp_web hostname -i    #网桥类型容器
172.18.0.3

none网络类型（用于建立与宿主机的桥接模式）

#启动一个网络类型为none的容器
[root@Docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test3 --net none centos:latest
5af791a78cc442f707e01fea5fac602f50c639393320ef22f260caa5bbc99df1

#查看容器IP地址
[root@docker ~]# docker exec test3 hostname -I

[root@Docker ~]#

#没有ip , none类型就是暂时不给容器指定网卡

container网络类型

指定新容器使用指定容器的网卡

#启动一个容器，网络类型container，使用elated_boyd容器的网卡
[root@Docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test4 --net container:elated_boyd centos:latest /bin/bash
71e0b8059f80c352ee4466d73f798fc9162f1c14c6440f98027d1c5ede0c1c56
[root@Docker ~]# docker inspect elated_boyd| grep -A 15 "Networks"
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "0473d8d3ea39bd48152b0f2e05a6408da847aff500ba40b28672e883a3e80c55",
                    "EndpointID": "cc7f088ac960195e606e2263361e3312d3d8bf010515e2b7c9d1bc29eba76c51",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",        #elated_boyd容器的网关
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",        #elated_boyd容器网桥
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
[root@Docker ~]# docker inspect test4 | grep -A 15 "Networks"
            "Networks": {}    #test4容器并没有自己的网络设置
        }
    }
]
[root@Docker ~]# docker exec test4 hostname -I     #test4没有网络设置却有IP地址和elated_boyd容器完全一样
172.17.0.2

桥接宿主机网络与配置固定IP地址

#构建一个永久生效的网桥br0
[root@Docker network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
[root@Docker network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0 
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=static
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.94.104
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.94.2
DNS1=192.168.94.2
#查看网卡IP
[root@Docker network-scripts]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:d4:46:ba  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)    #ens33网卡已经没有IP地址了
        RX packets 866834  bytes 1207295538 (1.1 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 173102  bytes 15618089 (14.8 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.94.104  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.94.255    #网桥br0代替了ens33
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed4:46ba  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:d4:46:ba  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1055  bytes 3077651 (2.9 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 745  bytes 69453 (67.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@Docker network-scripts]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br-8b5c6f8dda1b        8000.0242c58ed7af    no        veth2353d8f
                            vethfcbcc06
br0        8000.000c29d446ba    no        ens33    #网桥br0，桥接在了真实的物理网卡ens33上
docker0        8000.0242bb7816b0    no        veth48e6f95

通过pipework工具配置容器固定IP

pipework工具下载地址：https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework.git

[root@docker ~]# mv pipework-master /usr/local/
[root@docker ~]# ln -s /usr/local/pipework-master/pipework /usr/local/bin/
#建立网络类型为none的容器，并通过pipework配置固定ip地址
[root@Docker ~]# docker run -dit --name test5 --net none centos:latest /bin/bash
de41157b70f3b3a2f9e4c27e2f37e7e4b6c0070219a973c3f1c9a378fc93a128
[root@Docker ~]# pipework br0 test5 192.168.94.111/24@192.168.94.2 #设置容器固定IP为192.168.94.111网关192.168.94.2   
[root@Docker ~]# docker exec test hostname -I
192.168.94.111
[root@Docker ~]# ping 192.168.94.111    #宿主机ping能通
PING 192.168.94.111 (192.168.94.111) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.94.111: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.180 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.94.111: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.079 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.94.111: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.94.111: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
^C
--- 192.168.94.111 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.038/0.084/0.180/0.057 ms
[root@Docker ~]# docker exec -it test5 /bin/bash    #进入容器
[root@de41157b70f3 /]# ping www.baidu.com    #能连接外网
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.125) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125 (61.135.169.125): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=5.14 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125 (61.135.169.125): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=8.18 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.144/6.662/8.180/1.518 ms

通过windows宿主机ping虚拟机中的容器进程IP进行测试

外部机器访问虚拟机中的容器进程也可以联通了

Docker的镜像制作

Dockerfile常用指令介绍

指令	描述
FROM	构建的新镜像是基于哪个镜像。例如：FROM centos:6
MAINTAINER	镜像维护者姓名或邮箱地址。例如：MAINTAINER damowang
RUN	构建镜像时运行的Shell命令。例如：RUN ["yum","install","httpd"]
	或者RUN yum install httpd
CMD	运行容器时执行的Shell命令（可以被运行时传递的参数覆盖）。例如：CMD ["-c","/start.sh"]
	或者CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd","-D"]或者CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D
EXPOSE	声明容器运行的服务端口。例如：EXPOSE 80 443
ENV	设置容器内环境变量。例如：ENV MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD 123456
ADD	拷贝文件或目录到镜像（可以自动解压缩或者下载）
	例如：ADD ["src","dest"]或者ADD https://xxx.com/html.tar.gz /var/www/html
	或者：ADD html.tar.gz /var/www/html
COPY	拷贝文件或目录到镜像（不能自动解压缩）。例如：COPY ./start.sh /start.sh
ENTRYPOINT	运行容器时执行的Shell命令（不能被运行时传递的参数覆盖)。例如：ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash","-c","/start.sh"]
	或者ENTRYPOINT /bin/bash -c "/start.sh"
VOLUME	指定容器挂载点到宿主机自动生成的目录或其他容器
	例如：VOLUME ["/var/lib/mysql"]
USER	为RUN，CMD和ENTRYPOINT执行命令指定运行用户
	例如：USER Mr_chen
WORKDIR	为RUN，CMD，ENTRYPOINT，COPY和ADD设置工作目录（指定进入容器中默认被切换的目录）。
	例如：WORKDIR /data
HEALTHCHECK	健康检查。例如：HEALTHCHECK --interval=5m --timeout=3s --retries=3
	CMD curl -f http://localhost/ \|\| exit 1
ARG	在构建镜像时指定一些参数。例如：ARG user

利用Dockerfile编写简单的apache镜像

[root@Docker ~]# mkdir -p dockerfile/lib/centos/apache/
[root@Docker ~]# cd dockerfile/lib/centos/apache/
[root@Docker ~]# vim Dockerfile

FROM    centos
MAINTAINER  bigdevilking@qq.com damowang
ENV HOSTNAME    1   
EXPOSE  80
RUN yum -y install \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
make \
pcre-devel \
expat-devel \
perl \
httpd
CMD ["/usr/sbin//httpd", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]

使用docker build 命令生成镜像

[root@Docker apache]# docker build -t http_centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  25.84MB
Step 1/6 : FROM    centos
 ---> 49f7960eb7e4
Step 2/6 : MAINTAINER    bigdevilking@qq.com    damowang
 ---> Running in 73b5aa3cba31
Removing intermediate container 73b5aa3cba31
 ---> 876352ef8381
Step 3/6 : ENV    HOSTNAME    1
 ---> Running in 489f77303562
Removing intermediate container 489f77303562
 ---> 38b7f73b9d82
Step 4/6 : EXPOSE    80
 ---> Running in 623923d8bc21
Removing intermediate container 623923d8bc21
 ---> e13ada6e456c
Step 5/6 : RUN    yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel expat-devel perl httpd
 ---> Running in be9ac15b22d7
Removing intermediate container be9ac15b22d7
 ---> de7ad88f991b
Step 6/6 : CMD ["/usr/sbin//httpd", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]
 ---> Running in 9888e075c0fd
Removing intermediate container 9888e075c0fd
 ---> b6469502626f
Successfully built b6469502626f
Successfully tagged http_centos:latest

[root@Docker apache]# docker images
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
http_centos               latest              b6469502626f        21 seconds ago      427MB
nginx                     latest              8b89e48b5f15        2 days ago          109MB
mysql                     5.7                 c356247174ed        2 days ago          372MB
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   latest              26c0e6f09c52        13 days ago         300MB
centos                    7                   49f7960eb7e4        6 weeks ago         200MB
centos                    latest              49f7960eb7e4        6 weeks ago         200MB
[root@Docker apache]# docker run -d -it -p 80:80 b6469502626f 
9f3d292c712ba8447e2463300352d8f8bd636e63607016210a533dbf926d3264
[root@Docker apache]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                                   NAMES
9f3d292c712b        b6469502626f              "/usr/sbin//httpd -D…"   5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds                0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp                      stupefied_blackwell
[root@Docker apache]# docker run -d -it -p 80:80 b6469502626f 
9f3d292c712ba8447e2463300352d8f8bd636e63607016210a533dbf926d3264

测试

posted @ 2018-07-19 19:51 damowang~ 阅读(602) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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Docker 基础 (二)

网络管理

容器网络模式

bridge网络类型

host网络类型

none网络类型（用于建立与宿主机的桥接模式）

container网络类型

桥接宿主机网络与配置固定IP地址

通过pipework工具配置容器固定IP

Docker的镜像制作

Dockerfile常用指令介绍

利用Dockerfile编写简单的apache镜像

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