7个技巧让你写出干净的 TSX 代码
原文链接：https://dev.to/ruppysuppy/7-tips-for-clean-react-typescript-code-you-must-know-2da2
“干净的代码”不仅是可以正常运行的代码。它指的是组织整齐、易于阅读、易于理解且易于维护的代码。
让我们来看看 React 中“干净代码”的一些最佳实践，它们可以让你更加轻松地维护代码！🚀🌕
1. 为所有值提供显式类型
使用 TypeScript 时，很多人经常不为值提供显式类型，从而错失 TS 在开发中的真正用处
坏栗子 01:
const Component = ({ children }: any) => {
// ...
};
坏栗子 02:
const Component = ({ children }: object) => {
// ...
};
恰当地使用interface 能够让编辑器给你提供准确的提示，从而让敲代码变得更容易
好栗子:
import { ReactNode } from "react";
interface ComponentProps {
children: ReactNode;
}
const Component = ({ children }: ComponentProps) => {
// ...
};
2. 更新状态时考虑先前的状态
如果更新状态时新状态依赖于旧状态，在调用更新状态函数时传入函数来更新状态，React 状态更新会进行批处理，如果不使用这种方式更新状态很可能导致意想不到的结果
坏栗子:
import React, { useState } from "react";
export const App = () => {
const [isDisabled, setIsDisabled] = useState(false);
const toggleButton = () => {
setIsDisabled(!isDisabled);
};
// 此处调用两次toggleButton的结果和调用一次相同
const toggleButtonTwice = () => {
toggleButton();
toggleButton();
};
return (
<div>
<button disabled={isDisabled}>
I'm {isDisabled ? "disabled" : "enabled"}
</button>
<button onClick={toggleButton}>
Toggle button state
</button>
<button onClick={toggleButtonTwice}>
Toggle button state 2 times
</button>
</div>
);
};
好栗子:
import React, { useState } from "react";
export const App = () => {
const [isDisabled, setIsDisabled] = useState(false);
const toggleButton = () => {
setIsDisabled((isDisabled) => !isDisabled);
};
const toggleButtonTwice = () => {
toggleButton();
toggleButton();
};
return (
<div>
<button disabled={isDisabled}>
I'm {isDisabled ? "disabled" : "enabled"}
</button>
<button onClick={toggleButton}>
Toggle button state
</button>
<button onClick={toggleButtonTwice}>
Toggle button state 2 times
</button>
</div>
);
};
3. 保持文件原子性和精简性
保持稳健的原子性和精简性可以让调试、维护甚至查找文件更加容易
坏栗子:
// src/App.tsx
export default function App() {
const posts = [
{
id: 1,
title: "How to write clean react code",
},
{
id: 2,
title: "Eat, sleep, code, repeat",
},
];
return (
<main>
<nav>
<h1>App</h1>
</nav>
<ul>
{posts.map((post) => (
<li key={post.id}>
{post.title}
</li>
))}
</ul>
</main>
);
}
好栗子:
// src/App.tsx
export default function App() {
return (
<main>
<Navigation title="App" />
<Posts />
</main>
);
}
// src/components/Navigation.tsx
interface NavigationProps {
title: string;
}
export default function Navigation({ title }: NavigationProps) {
return (
<nav>
<h1>{title}</h1>
</nav>
);
}
// src/components/Posts.tsx
export default function Posts() {
const posts = [
{
id: 1,
title: "How to write clean react code",
},
{
id: 2,
title: "Eat, sleep, code, repeat",
},
];
return (
<ul>
{posts.map((post) => (
<Post key={post.id} title={post.title} />
))}
</ul>
);
}
// src/components/Post.tsx
interface PostProps {
title: string;
}
export default function Post({ title }: PostProps) {
return <li>{title}</li>;
}
4. 对具有多个状态的值使用枚举或常量对象
使用枚举或常量对象可以大大简化管理存在多种状态的变量的过程
坏栗子:
import React, { useState } from "react";
export const App = () => {
const [status, setStatus] = useState("Pending");
return (
<div>
<p>{status}</p>
<button onClick={() => setStatus("Pending")}>
Pending
</button>
<button onClick={() => setStatus("Success")}>
Success
</button>
<button onClick={() => setStatus("Error")}>
Error
</button>
</div>
);
}
好栗子:
import React, { useState } from "react";
enum Status {
Pending = "Pending",
Success = "Success",
Error = "Error",
}
// OR
// const Status = {
// Pending: "Pending",
// Success: "Success",
// Error: "Error",
// } as const;
export const App = () => {
const [status, setStatus] = useState(Status.Pending);
return (
<div>
<p>{status}</p>
<button onClick={() => setStatus(Status.Pending)}>
Pending
</button>
<button onClick={() => setStatus(Status.Success)}>
Success
</button>
<button onClick={() => setStatus(Status.Error)}>
Error
</button>
</div>
);
};
5. 尽量不在视图中编写逻辑
尽量不要把逻辑代码嵌入到标签中
坏栗子:
const App = () => {
return (
<div>
<button
onClick={() => {
// ...
}}
>
Toggle Dark Mode
</button>
</div>
);
};
好栗子:
const App = () => {
const handleDarkModeToggle = () => {
// ...
};
return (
<div>
<button onClick={handleDarkModeToggle}>
Toggle Dark Mode
</button>
</div>
);
};
当然如果逻辑代码只有简单的一行，写在标签中也是可以的
6. 正确地选择条件渲染的方式
正确地选择条件渲染的方式可以让代码更优雅
坏栗子:
const App = () => {
const [isTextShown, setIsTextShown] = useState(false);
const handleToggleText = () => {
setIsTextShown((isTextShown) => !isTextShown);
};
return (
<div>
{isTextShown ? <p>Now You See Me</p> : null}
{isTextShown && <p>`isTextShown` is true</p>}
{!isTextShown && <p>`isTextShown` is false</p>}
<button onClick={handleToggleText}>Toggle</button>
</div>
);
};
好栗子:
const App = () => {
const [isTextShown, setIsTextShown] = useState(false);
const handleToggleText = () => {
setIsTextShown((isTextShown) => !isTextShown);
};
return (
<div>
{isTextShown && <p>Now You See Me</p>}
{isTextShown ? (
<p>`isTextShown` is true</p>
) : (
<p>`isTextShown` is false</p>
)}
<button onClick={handleToggleText}>Toggle</button>
</div>
);
};
7. 使用JSX简写
布尔属性
一个具有真值的属性可以只写属性名，比如truthyProp，而不必写成truthyProp={true}
坏栗子:
interface TextFieldProps {
fullWidth: boolean;
}
const TextField = ({ fullWidth }: TextFieldProps) => {
// ...
};
const App = () => {
return <TextField fullWidth={true} />;
};
好栗子:
interface TextFieldProps {
fullWidth: boolean;
}
const TextField = ({ fullWidth }: TextFieldProps) => {
// ...
};
const App = () => {
return <TextField fullWidth />;
};
字符串属性
属性值为字符串字面量可以直接用双引号包裹
坏栗子:
interface AvatarProps {
username: string;
}
const Avatar = ({ username }: AvatarProps) => {
// ...
};
const Profile = () => {
return <Avatar username={"John Wick"} />;
};
好栗子:
interface AvatarProps {
username: string;
}
const Avatar = ({ username }: AvatarProps) => {
// ...
};
const Profile = () => {
return <Avatar username="John Wick" />;
};
Undefined 属性
和普通的TS/JS一样，如果属性未提供值，则为undefined
坏栗子:
interface AvatarProps {
username?: string;
}
const Avatar = ({ username }: AvatarProps) => {
// ...
};
const Profile = () => {
return <Avatar username={undefined} />;
};
好栗子:
interface AvatarProps {
username?: string;
// OR `username: string | undefined`
}
const Avatar = ({ username }: AvatarProps) => {
// ...
};
const Profile = () => {
return <Avatar />;
};
现在你应该知道怎么编写干净的 TSX 了
完结！撒花！
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