Hibernate关联关系（一对多）

什么是关联(association)
关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如:

  class B{
  private String name;
  private List<A> bs = new arraylist();
   }
   public class A{
        private B b = new B;
        public A(){}
      }

hibernate:orm框架、以面向对象的思想操作数据库
实体类--》表
属性--》字段

关联的分类：关联可以分为一对一、一对多/多对一、多对多关联
      关联是有方向的

   订单表、订单项表

   select * from t_order t,t_orderItem m where t.oid = m.oid
   and .....
   
   
   class Order{
  private STIRNG OID;
  ...
  private Set<OrderItem> OrderItems; 
   }
   
   session.get(Order.class,1)

我们先导入映射文件并且创建对应的实体类建立关联关系

Order.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.huang.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
        <id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
            <generator class="increment" />
        </id>
        <property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
        </property>
        <!-- 需要在映射文件中进行关联关系的维护  这里描述的是一对多的关系  -->
        <bag name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
            <!-- 从表的外键 -->
            <key column="oid"></key>
            <!-- 查询从表数据，然后形成list集合填充到orderItems -->
            <one-to-many class="com.huang.three.entity.OrderItem" />
            <!-- 
                select * from t_hibernate_order_item where oid=1
             -->
        </bag>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

　　Order

package com.huang.three.entity;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Order {

    private Integer orderId;
    private String orderNo;
    private List<OrderItem> orderItems=new ArrayList<>();
    private Integer ininChildren=1;//代表开启懒加载，0代表关闭懒加载
    
    
    public Integer getIninChildren() {
        return ininChildren;
    }
    public void setIninChildren(Integer ininChildren) {
        this.ininChildren = ininChildren;
    }
    public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
        return orderItems;
    }
    public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
        this.orderItems = orderItems;
    }
    public Integer getOrderId() {
        return orderId;
    }
    public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
        this.orderId = orderId;
    }
    public String getOrderNo() {
        return orderNo;
    }
    public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
        this.orderNo = orderNo;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
    }
    public Order(Integer orderId, String orderNo, List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
        super();
        this.orderId = orderId;
        this.orderNo = orderNo;
        this.orderItems = orderItems;
    }
    public Order() {
        super();
    }
    
}

OrderItem.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.huang.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
        <id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
            <generator class="increment" />
        </id>
        <property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
        </property>
        <property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
        </property>
        <property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
        </property>
        <!-- 需要在映射文件中进行关联关系的维护  这里描述的是多对一的关系  -->
        <many-to-one name="order" class="com.huang.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

　　OrderItem

package com.huang.three.entity;

public class OrderItem {

    private Integer orderItemId;
    private Integer productId;
    private Integer quantity;
    private Integer oid;
    private Order order;
    
    
    public Order getOrder() {
        return order;
    }
    public void setOrder(Order order) {
        this.order = order;
    }
    public Integer getOrderItemId() {
        return orderItemId;
    }
    public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
        this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
    }
    public Integer getProductId() {
        return productId;
    }
    public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
        this.productId = productId;
    }
    public Integer getQuantity() {
        return quantity;
    }
    public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
        this.quantity = quantity;
    }
    public Integer getOid() {
        return oid;
    }
    public void setOid(Integer oid) {
        this.oid = oid;
    }
    public OrderItem(Integer orderItemId, Integer productId, Integer quantity, Integer oid, Order order) {
        super();
        this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
        this.productId = productId;
        this.quantity = quantity;
        this.oid = oid;
        this.order = order;
    }
    public OrderItem() {
        super();
　  }
}

然后在hibernate.hbm.xml添加实体映射文件

测试：

DemoDao

package com.huang.three.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.huang.three.entity.Order;
import com.huang.three.entity.OrderItem;
import com.huang.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;


public class DemoDao {
    /**
     * 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
     *     讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
     * @param order
     * @return
     */
    public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
        Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
        Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
        transaction.commit();
        session.close();
        return oid;
    }
    
    public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
        Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
        Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
        transaction.commit();
        session.close();
        return otid;
    }
    
    
    
    /**
     * 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
     *     1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
     *     2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
     * @param order
     * @return
     */
    public Order getOrder(Order order) {
        Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
        Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
        if(o != null && new Integer(0).equals(order.getIninChildren())) {
//            0代表了程序员想要关闭懒加载，也就意味着需要强制加载关联关系对象
            Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
//            System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
        }
        transaction.commit();
        session.close();
        return o;
    }
    
    public List<Order> getOrderList() {
        Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
        List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
        transaction.commit();
        session.close();
        return list;
    }
    
    /**
     * z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
     * @param order
     */
    public void delOrder(Order order) {
        Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
        Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
        for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
            session.delete(oi);
        }
        session.delete(order2);
//        session.delete(order);
        transaction.commit();
        session.close();
    }
}

DemoDaoTest

package com.huang.three.dao;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.huang.three.entity.Order;
import com.huang.three.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDaoTest {
    private DemoDao demoDao=new DemoDao(); 

    @Test
    public void testAddOrder() {
        Order order=new Order();
        order.setOrderNo("p9");
        OrderItem oi=null;
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            oi=new OrderItem();  
            oi.setProductId(10+i);
            oi.setQuantity(20+i); 
            oi.setOrder(order);
            order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
        }
        demoDao.addOrder(order);
//        demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem);
        
    }




    @Test
    public void testAddOrderItem() {
        Order order=new Order();
        order.setOrderId(5);
        OrderItem oi=null;
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            oi=new OrderItem();  
            oi.setProductId(10+i);
            oi.setQuantity(20+i); 
            oi.setOrder(order);
            order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
            demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);
        }
    }


    /**
     * 关于懒加载的问题
     * hibernate3之后出现的
     * 
     * failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: 
     * com.huang.three.entity.Order.orderItems, 
     * could not initialize proxy - no Session
     * orderNo数据来源于t_hibernate_order
     * orderItems数据来源于t_hibernate_order_item
     * 
     *     查一张表的效率高还是两张
     *     一张
     * 
     * hibernate默认的策略：是不查询关联关系对应关联表数据的
     *
     */
    @Test
    public void testGetOrder() {
        Order order=new Order();
        order.setOrderId(10);
        order.setIninChildren(0); 
        Order o=this.demoDao.getOrder(order);
        System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
        System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
    }
    
    /**
     * 如果说将懒加载的功能关闭，也就是lazy=false.那么在查询多条订单数据的情况下是非常影响性能的
     * 
     *     查单个需要关闭懒加载        目的是需要加载出关联表的数据
     *     查多个不能关闭懒加载        加载关联表的数据查询次数过多
     */
    @Test
    public void testGetOrderList() {
        List<Order> orderlist=this.demoDao.getOrderList();
        for (Order order : orderlist) {
            System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
//            System.out.println(order.getOrderItems());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testDelOrder() {
        Order order=new Order();
        order.setOrderId(5);
        this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
    }

}

hibernate的懒加载

如果说将懒加载的功能关闭，也就是lazy=false.那么在查询多条订单数据的情况下是非常影响性能的

查单个需要关闭懒加载目的是需要加载出关联表的数据
查多个不能关闭懒加载加载关联表的数据查询次数过多

我们在Order中写入：

private Integer ininChildren=1;//代表开启懒加载，0代表关闭懒加载

将DemoDao修改

if(o != null && new Integer(0).equals(order.getIninChildren())) {
//            0代表了程序员想要关闭懒加载，也就意味着需要强制加载关联关系对象
            Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
        }

    @Test
    public void testGetOrderList() {
        List<Order> orderlist=this.demoDao.getOrderList();
        for (Order order : orderlist) {
            System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
   System.out.println(order.getOrderItems());
        }

}

删除调用testDelOrder方法

@Test

    public void testDelOrder() {
        Order order=new Order();
        order.setOrderId(5);
        this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
    }

}

posted @ 2019-08-04 22:01 宇大..大阅读(151) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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Hibernate关联关系（一对多）

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