centos7根目录root或指定目录扩容操作记录
1、首先确认当前各文件系统大小，可以看到根目录对应文件系统大小是10GB，/boot对应文件系统大小是0.4GB。
[root@backup03 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 10G 9.5G 588M 95% / devtmpfs 471M 0 471M 0% /dev tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 488M 8.6M 479M 2% /run tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 197M 135M 62M 69% /boot tmpfs 98M 4.0K 98M 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 98M 40K 98M 1% /run/user/1000 /dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /run/media/admin/CentOS 7 x86_64 tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 [root@backup03 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 12.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 3073 Alloc PE / Size 3072 / 12.00 GiB Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB VG UUID Qed7Il-G05u-VJwf-Z8M4-3UWK-N5Q1-Cd5UNm [root@backup03 ~]# vgdisplay -v centos --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 12.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 3073 Alloc PE / Size 3072 / 12.00 GiB Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB VG UUID Qed7Il-G05u-VJwf-Z8M4-3UWK-N5Q1-Cd5UNm --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos LV UUID NjK7gM-hymI-WqnN-1voq-zSfx-9XCC-Jae1AQ LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time www.ywl.com, 2019-05-04 18:03:38 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.00 GiB Current LE 512 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID e4bOKq-cwBJ-J6Xr-NwpX-ISA8-WWAz-TfYXLR LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time www.ywl.com, 2019-05-04 18:03:38 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 10.00 GiB Current LE 2560 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 --- Physical volumes --- PV Name /dev/sda2 PV UUID vuDSnI-BoRc-JICJ-SJ0l-1jAE-PSbu-OfS0U8 PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 3073 / 1
2、确认当前磁盘容量信息，/dev/sda大小为53.7GB，划分了2个分区，已划分的总容量不到20GB。还有将近30GB可用空间
[root@backup03 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000bc6ac Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux /dev/sda2 411648 25593855 12591104 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes [root@backup03 ~]#
3、在未用空间创建新的分区sda3。
[root@backup03 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition g create a new empty GPT partition table G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4, default 3): First sector (25593856-104857599, default 25593856): Using default value 25593856 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (25593856-104857599, default 104857599): Using default value 104857599 Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 37.8 GiB is set Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
4、根据上面步骤的提示，需要重启或者运行命令partprobe重新同步磁盘分区信息，分区重新识别后可以看到新分区sda3。
[root@backup03 ~]# partprobe Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. 查看磁盘信息 fdisk -l [root@backup03 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000bc6ac Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux /dev/sda2 411648 25593855 12591104 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 25593856 104857599 39631872 83 Linux Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
5、使用lvm命令pvcreate格式化sda3分区。
[root@backup03 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created. 5.1查看磁盘分区情况 [root@backup03 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000bc6ac Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux /dev/sda2 411648 25593855 12591104 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 25593856 104857599 39631872 83 Linux Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes [root@backup03 ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name centos PV Size <12.01 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 3073 Free PE 1 Allocated PE 3072 PV UUID vuDSnI-BoRc-JICJ-SJ0l-1jAE-PSbu-OfS0U8 "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "<37.80 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda3 VG Name PV Size <37.80 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID S2kmTF-YDWR-CzTt-7Krv-wUWk-elwu-xwQdBf
6、将分区sda3加入root所在的vg（centos）里 。
[root@backup03 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3 Volume group "centos" successfully extended [root@backup03 ~]# vgdisplay -v centos --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size <49.80 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 12748 Alloc PE / Size 3072 / 12.00 GiB Free PE / Size 9676 / <37.80 GiB VG UUID Qed7Il-G05u-VJwf-Z8M4-3UWK-N5Q1-Cd5UNm --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos LV UUID NjK7gM-hymI-WqnN-1voq-zSfx-9XCC-Jae1AQ LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time www.ywl.com, 2019-05-04 18:03:38 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.00 GiB Current LE 512 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID e4bOKq-cwBJ-J6Xr-NwpX-ISA8-WWAz-TfYXLR LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time www.ywl.com, 2019-05-04 18:03:38 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 10.00 GiB Current LE 2560 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 --- Physical volumes --- PV Name /dev/sda2 PV UUID vuDSnI-BoRc-JICJ-SJ0l-1jAE-PSbu-OfS0U8 PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 3073 / 1 PV Name /dev/sda3 PV UUID S2kmTF-YDWR-CzTt-7Krv-wUWk-elwu-xwQdBf PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 9675 / 9675
7、扩展root根分区所在的逻辑卷大小，vgdisplay可以看到root所在lv大小已经发生变化。
[root@backup03 ~]# lvextend -L +37.8G /dev/centos/root Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 37.80 GiB. Insufficient free space: 9677 extents needed, but only 9676 available [root@backup03 ~]# lvextend -L +30G /dev/centos/root Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to 40.00 GiB (10240 extents). Logical volume centos/root successfully resized. [root@backup03 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size <49.80 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 12748 Alloc PE / Size 10752 / 42.00 GiB Free PE / Size 1996 / <7.80 GiB VG UUID Qed7Il-G05u-VJwf-Z8M4-3UWK-N5Q1-Cd5UNm [root@backup03 ~]# [root@backup03 ~]# vgdisplay -v --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size <49.80 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 12748 Alloc PE / Size 10752 / 42.00 GiB Free PE / Size 1996 / <7.80 GiB VG UUID Qed7Il-G05u-VJwf-Z8M4-3UWK-N5Q1-Cd5UNm --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos LV UUID NjK7gM-hymI-WqnN-1voq-zSfx-9XCC-Jae1AQ LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time www.ywl.com, 2019-05-04 18:03:38 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.00 GiB Current LE 512 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID e4bOKq-cwBJ-J6Xr-NwpX-ISA8-WWAz-TfYXLR LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time www.ywl.com, 2019-05-04 18:03:38 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 40.00 GiB Current LE 10240 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 --- Physical volumes --- PV Name /dev/sda2 PV UUID vuDSnI-BoRc-JICJ-SJ0l-1jAE-PSbu-OfS0U8 PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 3073 / 0 PV Name /dev/sda3 PV UUID S2kmTF-YDWR-CzTt-7Krv-wUWk-elwu-xwQdBf PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 9675 / 1996
8、根目录大小依然没变化，
[root@backup03 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 10G 9.7G 394M 97% / devtmpfs 471M 0 471M 0% /dev tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 488M 8.6M 479M 2% /run tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 197M 135M 62M 69% /boot tmpfs 98M 4.0K 98M 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 98M 36K 98M 1% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64 [root@backup03 ~]#
9，确认root文件系统的类型是xfs后，使用xfs_growfs命令扩展根目录大小
[root@backup03 ~]# mount sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel) proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=481808k,nr_inodes=120452,mode=755) securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,mode=755) tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,mode=755) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd) pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,cpuacct,cpu) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,blkio) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,memory) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,devices) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,perf_event) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,net_prio,net_cls) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,pids) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,freezer) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,hugetlb) cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,cpuset) configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime) /dev/mapper/centos-root on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota) selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime) systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=31,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=13748) debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime) hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel) mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime,seclabel) /dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,relatime) tmpfs on /run/user/42 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99796k,mode=700,uid=42,gid=42) tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99796k,mode=700) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/0/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0) /dev/sr0 on /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64 type iso9660 (ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime,uid=0,gid=0,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmode=0500,uhelper=udisks2) [root@backup03 ~]#
10，使用xfs_growfs命令扩展根目录大小
[root@backup03 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 2621440 to 10485760
11，最后使用df命令，确认根目录大小已经从原来的10GB扩展为40GB。
[root@backup03 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 40G 9.7G 31G 25% / devtmpfs 471M 0 471M 0% /dev tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 488M 8.6M 479M 2% /run tmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 197M 135M 62M 69% /boot tmpfs 98M 4.0K 98M 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 98M 36K 98M 1% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64 [root@backup03 ~]#
===================快速简化指令=============================
centos手动扩展磁盘空间指令
lsblk
vgdisplay vg_root
lvs /dev/mapper/vg_root-root
pvdisplay
pvcreate /dev/vdb
vgextend vg_root /dev/vdb
lvextend -L+50G /dev/mapper/vg_root-usr
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_root-usr
df -h
vgdisplay vg_root
lvextend -l+14847 /dev/mapper/vg_root-root (取上一条命令查到的 Free /size)
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_root-root
常见错误：
如图所示遇到 Cannot archive volume group metadata for centos to read-only filesystem. 错误
可通过 如下命令解决，上面错误说明盘符只读状态了，至于怎么造成，不清楚， 留下大大疑问？
mount -o remount rw /
然后再执行 vgextend centos /dev/sda3 操作
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