字符串，列表，字典详细功能介绍
一、字符串
class str(basestring): """ str(object='') -> string Return a nice string representation of the object. If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object. """ def capitalize(self): """ 首字母变大写 """ """ S.capitalize() -> string Return a copy of the string S with only its first character capitalized. """ return "" def center(self, width, fillchar=None): """ 内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无 """ """ S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) """ return "" def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 子序列个数 """ """ S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. """ return 0 def decode(self, encoding=None, errors=None): """ 解码 """ """ S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors. """ return object() def encode(self, encoding=None, errors=None): """ 编码，针对unicode """ """ S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. """ return object() def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): """ 是否以 xxx 结束 """ """ S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. """ return False def expandtabs(self, tabsize=None): """ 将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格 """ """ S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. """ return "" def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1 """ """ S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. """ return 0 def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format """ 字符串格式化，动态参数，将函数式编程时细说 """ """ S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). """ pass def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 子序列位置，如果没找到，报错 """ S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. """ return 0 def isalnum(self): """ 是否是字母和数字 """ """ S.isalnum() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isalpha(self): """ 是否是字母 """ """ S.isalpha() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isdigit(self): """ 是否是数字 """ """ S.isdigit() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are digits and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def islower(self): """ 是否小写 """ """ S.islower() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isspace(self): """ S.isspace() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are whitespace and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def istitle(self): """ S.istitle() -> bool Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False otherwise. """ return False def isupper(self): """ S.isupper() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def join(self, iterable): """ 连接 """ """ S.join(iterable) -> string Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the iterable. The separator between elements is S. """ return "" def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): """ 内容左对齐，右侧填充 """ """ S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). """ return "" def lower(self): """ 变小写 """ """ S.lower() -> string Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase. """ return "" def lstrip(self, chars=None): """ 移除左侧空白 """ """ S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping """ return "" def partition(self, sep): """ 分割，前，中，后三部分 """ """ S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return S and two empty strings. """ pass def replace(self, old, new, count=None): """ 替换 """ """ S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced. """ return "" def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. """ return 0 def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. """ return 0 def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): """ S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) """ return "" def rpartition(self, sep): """ S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return two empty strings and S. """ pass def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None): """ S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string is a separator. """ return [] def rstrip(self, chars=None): """ S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping """ return "" def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None): """ 分割， maxsplit最多分割几次 """ """ S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed from the result. """ return [] def splitlines(self, keepends=False): """ 根据换行分割 """ """ S.splitlines(keepends=False) -> list of strings Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true. """ return [] def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): """ 是否起始 """ """ S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. """ return False def strip(self, chars=None): """ 移除两段空白 """ """ S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping """ return "" def swapcase(self): """ 大写变小写，小写变大写 """ """ S.swapcase() -> string Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase and vice versa. """ return "" def title(self): """ S.title() -> string Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase. """ return "" def translate(self, table, deletechars=None): """ 转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合 intab = "aeiou" outtab = "12345" trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab) str = "this is string example....wow!!!" print str.translate(trantab, 'xm') """ """ S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the remaining characters have been mapped through the given translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None. If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars. """ return "" def upper(self): """ S.upper() -> string Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase. """ return "" def zfill(self, width): """方法返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。""" """ S.zfill(width) -> string Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the specified width. The string S is never truncated. """ return "" def _formatter_field_name_split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def _formatter_parser(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __add__(self, y): """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ pass def __contains__(self, y): """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """ pass def __eq__(self, y): """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __format__(self, format_spec): """ S.__format__(format_spec) -> string Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec. """ return "" def __getattribute__(self, name): """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __getslice__(self, i, j): """ x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __ge__(self, y): """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __hash__(self): """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """ pass def __init__(self, string=''): # known special case of str.__init__ """ str(object='') -> string Return a nice string representation of the object. If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object. # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __len__(self): """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass def __mod__(self, y): """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """ pass def __mul__(self, n): """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __repr__(self): """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __rmod__(self, y): """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """ pass def __rmul__(self, n): """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """ pass def __sizeof__(self): """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """ pass def __str__(self): """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """ pass str str
1. capitalize 首字符大写
def capitalize(self)： a = 'xinzi' print(a.capitalize()) Xinzi
2. casefold 字符小写
def casefold(self)： S.casefold() -> str a = 'XinZi' print(a.casefold()) xinzi
3. center 居中填充字符
def center(self, width, fillchar=None): width:字符串的总宽度 fillchar：填充字符 a = 'xinzi' print(a.center(20,'*')) *******xinzi********
4. count 返回字符出现次数
str.count(sub, start= 0,end=len(string)) sub -- 搜索的子字符串 start -- 字符串开始搜索的位置。默认为第一个字符,第一个字符索引值为0。 end -- 字符串中结束搜索的位置。字符中第一个字符的索引为 0。默认为字符串的最后一个位置。 a = 'this is string example....wow!!!' sub = 'i' print(a.count(sub,4,40)) 2
5. encode 指定编码格式解码
str.decode(encoding='UTF-8',errors='strict') encoding -- 要使用的编码，如"UTF-8"。 errors -- 设置不同错误的处理方案。默认为 'strict',意为编码错误引起一个UnicodeError。 其他可能得值有 'ignore', 'replace', 'xmlcharrefreplace', 'backslashreplace' 以及通过 codecs.register_error() 注册的任何值。 a = '信子' result = a.encode('gbk') print(result ) b'\xd0\xc5\xd7\xd3'
6. endswith 判断字符串是否以指定字符结尾 ，是为Ture，否则False
str.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) suffix -- 该参数可以是一个字符串或者是一个元素。 start -- 字符串中的开始位置。 end -- 字符中结束位置。 a = 'this is string example....wow!!' suffix = 'wow!!' print(a.endswith(suffix)) suf = 'is' print(a.endswith(suf,2,4)) print(a.endswith(suf,2,6)) True True False
7. expandtabs 把字符中tab符号转换为空格,默认为8
str.expandtabs(tabsize=8) tabsize -- 指定转换字符串中的 tab 符号('\t')转为空格的字符数。 a = 'this is \tstring example....wow!!' print(a) print(a.expandtabs()) print(a.expandtabs(20)) this is string example....wow!! this is string example....wow!! this is string example....wow!!
8. find 查找指定字符
str.find(str, beg=0, end=len(string)) str -- 指定检索的字符串 beg -- 开始索引，默认为0。 end -- 结束索引，默认为字符串的长度 a = 'this is string example....wow!!' str1 = 'exam' print(a.find(str1)) print(a.find(str1,10)) print(a.find(str1,40)) 15 15 -1 #找不到返回“ -1”值
9. format 字符串拼接，置换
def format(*args, **kwargs): a = 'this is string {0} ' result = a.format('wow!!') print(result) name = 'this is string {name} {aa}' result2 = name.format(name='example',aa='wow!!') print(result2) this is string wow!! this is string example wow!!
10. format_map
11. index 查找，没有则报错
str.index(str, beg=0, end=len(string)) str -- 指定检索的字符串 beg -- 开始索引，默认为0。 end -- 结束索引，默认为字符串的长度。 a = 'this is string example....wow!!' b = 'exam' print (a.index(b)) print (a.index(b,10)) print (a.index(b,40)) 15 15 ValueError: substring not found
12. rindex 类似index 从右边开始。
13. isalnum 判断字符串是否由字母和数字组成
str.isa1num() a = 'this is string example....wow!!' b = 'exam1239' print(a.isalnum()) print(b.isalnum()) False True
14. isalpha 判断是否由字母组成。
15. isdecimal 判断是否只包含十进制数字
str.isdecimal() 方法检查字符串是否只包含十进制字符。这种方法只存在于unicode对象 str =u'this8890' #定义一个十进制字符串，只需要在字符串前添加 'u' 前缀即可 str2 =u'83908400' print(str.isdecimal()) print(str2.isdecimal()) False True
16.isdigit 判断是否只有数字
17. isidentifier
18. islower 检测字符是否只由小写字母组成。
19. isnumeric 检测字符串是否只有数字组成。
20. isprintable
21. isspace 检测只包含空格键则为Ture,否则Flase
22. istitle 检测是否为标题化
str ='This Is String Example Wow!!' str2 ='this is string example wow!!' print(str.istitle()) print(str2.istitle()) True False
23. isupper 检测所有字母是否为大写的
*24. join 常用语句 分隔符，将所有元素合并成一个新的字符串
str.join(sequence) str = '-' seq = ('a','b','c','d') #字符串序列 print (str.join(seq)) a-b-c-d
25. ljust 左对齐，填充字符（默认为空格）
str.ljust(width[, fillchar]) width -- 指定字符串长度。 fillchar -- 填充字符，默认为空格。 a = 'this is string example....wow!!' print(a.ljust(50,'#')) this is string example....wow!!###################
26. lower 转换所有大写为小写字母
27. lstrip 截掉左边空格
str.lstrip([chars]) chars --指定截取的字符。 a = ' this is string example....wow!!' b = 'aaaaaathis is stringaaaaa' print(a.lstrip()) print(b.lstrip('a')) this is string example....wow!! this is stringaaaaa
28.maketrans 创建字符映射转换表
str.maketrans(intab, outtab) intab -- 字符串中要替代的字符组成的字符串。 outtab -- 相应的映射字符的字符串。 #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- from string import maketrans # 必须调用 maketrans 函数。 intab = "aeiou" outtab = "12345" trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab) str = "this is string example....wow!!!"; print str.translate(trantab); th3s 3s str3ng 2x1mpl2....w4w!!!
29. partition 指定的分隔符将字符串分割，返回一个3元元组
str.partition(str) str : 指定的分隔符 a = 'http://www.baidu.com/' print(a.partition('://')) ('http', '://', 'www.baidu.com/') #返回一个3元的元组，第一个为分隔符左边的子串，第二个为分隔符本身，第三个为分隔符右边的子串
**30. replace 替换
str.replace(old, new[, max]) old -- 将被替换的子字符串。 new -- 新字符串，用于替换old子字符串。 max -- 可选字符串, 替换不超过 max 次 str = 'this is string example...wow!! this is really string' print(str.replace('is','was')) print(str.replace('is','was',3)) thwas was string example...wow!! thwas was really string thwas was string example...wow!! thwas is really string
31. rfind 与find相反，向右查找
32. rjust 与ljust相反，向右补齐
33. rpartition 类似partition ,从右开始查找
34. rsplit 与split类似
35. split 通过指定分隔符切片
str.split(str="", num=string.count(str)) str -- 分隔符，默认为空格。 num -- 分割次数 a = "Line1-abcdef \nLine2-abc \nLine3-abcd" print(a.split()) print(a.split(' ',1)) ['Line1-abcdef', 'Line2-abc', 'Line3-abcd'] ['Line1-abcdef', '\nLine2-abc \nLine3-abcd']
36. rstrip 与lstrip类似，去掉右边空格，或指定字符
37. splitlines 按照行（/n,/r,/n/r）分隔切片
str.splitlines([keepends]) keepends -- 在输出结果里是否去掉换行符('\r', '\r\n', \n')，默认为 False，不包含换行符，如果为 True，则保留换行符。 a = 'ab c\n\nde fg \rkl\r\n' print(a.splitlines()) print(a.splitlines(True)) ['ab c', '', 'de fg ', 'kl'] ['ab c\n', '\n', 'de fg \r', 'kl\r\n']
38. startswith 检查字符串是否以指定字符开头，可指定范围内检查
str.startswith(str, beg=0,end=len(string)); str -- 检测的字符串。 strbeg -- 可选参数用于设置字符串检测的起始位置。 strend -- 可选参数用于设置字符串检测的结束位置。 a = 'this is string example...wow!!!' print(a.startswith('this')) print(a.startswith('is',2,4)) print(a.startswith('this',2,4)) True True False
39. strip 移出字符串头尾指定字符 类似 rstrip,lstrip
40. swapcase 大写变小写，小写变大写
41. title 标题 （单词首个字符大写）
42. translate 转换
def translate(self, table, deletechars=None): """ 转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合 from string import maketrans #导入maketrans模块 a = 'aeiou' b = '12345' trantab = maketrans(a,b) str = 'this is string example...wow!!!' print(str.translate(trantab,'xm')) th3s 3s str3ng 21pl2...w4w!!! # 数字替换字母，'x' 'm' 被删除
43. upper 转换字符为大写
44. zfill 指定长度向右对齐，填充字符
二、列表 list[]
class list(object): """ list() -> new empty list list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items """ def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.append(object) -- append object to end """ pass def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ return 0 def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """ pass def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ return 0 def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """ pass def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last). Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range. """ pass def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ pass def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """ pass def sort(self, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*; cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1 """ pass def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ pass def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """ pass def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """ pass def __delslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __iadd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y """ pass def __imul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y """ pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__ """ list() -> new empty list list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """ pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """ pass def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """ pass def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """ pass def __setslice__(self, i, j, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """ pass __hash__ = None list
1. append 追加，在列表末尾添加新对象
list.append(obj) obj -- 添加到列表末尾的对象。 l1 = [123,'xyz','zara','abc'] l1.append('xinzi') print(l1) [123, 'xyz', 'zara', 'abc', 'xinzi']
2. count 统计元素在列表出现次数
list.count(obj) obj -- 列表中统计的对象。 l1 = [123,'xyz','zara','abc',123] print(l1.count(123)) print(l1.count('abc')) 2 1
3. extend 追加多个序列值
list.extend(seq) seq -- 元素列表。 l1 = [123,'xyz','zara','abc',123] l2 = [8899,'xinzi'] l1.extend(l2) print ('New l1:',l1) New l1: [123, 'xyz', 'zara', 'abc', 123, 8899, 'xinzi']
4. clear 清空列表所有元素
5. copy
6. index 索引
list.index(obj) obj -- 查找的对象。 l1 = [123,'xyz','zara','abc'] print(l1.index('xyz')) print(l1.index('abc')) 1 3
7. insert 将对象插入列表
list.insert(index, obj) index -- 对象 obj 需要插入的索引位置。 obj -- 要插入列表中的对象。 l1 = [123,'xyz','zara','abc'] l1.insert(3,'xinzi') print(l1) [123, 'xyz', 'zara', 'xinzi', 'abc']
8. pop 移出一个元素
list.pop(obj=list[-1]) obj -- 可选参数，要移除列表元素的对象。 l1 = [123,'xyz','zara','abc'] print(l1.pop()) print(l1.pop(2)) abc zara
9. remove 删除列表元素
list.remove(obj) obj -- 列表中要移除的对象。 #该方法没有返回值但是会移除两种中的某个值的第一个匹配项。 l1 = [123,'xyz','zara','abc','xyz'] l1.remove('xyz') print(l1) l1.remove('abc') print(l1) [123, 'zara', 'abc', 'xyz'] [123, 'zara', 'xyz']
10. reverse 列表反向排序
list.reverse() #该方法没有返回值，但是会对列表的元素进行反向排序。 l1 = [123,'xyz','zara','abc','xyz'] l1.reverse() print(l1) ['xyz', 'abc', 'zara', 'xyz', 123]
11. sort 排序，可指定参数
list.sort([func]) func -- 可选参数, 如果指定了该参数会使用该参数的方法进行排序。 l1 = [123,'xyz','zara','abc','xyz'] l1.sort() print(l1) [123, 'abc', 'xyz', 'xyz', 'zara']
三、元组 tup()
class tuple(object): """ tuple() -> empty tuple tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object. """ def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ return 0 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ return 0 def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ pass def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """ pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __hash__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """ pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__ """ tuple() -> empty tuple tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object. # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """ pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes """ pass tuple
1. count 统计
2. index 索引
四、字典 dict｛｝
两种写入方式： dic1 = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'} dic2 =dict(k1='v1',k2='v2')
class dict(object): """ dict() -> new empty dictionary dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: d = {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] = v dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) """ def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 清除内容 """ """ D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """ pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 浅拷贝 """ """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """ pass @staticmethod # known case def fromkeys(S, v=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ dict.fromkeys(S[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v. v defaults to None. """ pass def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 根据key获取值，d是默认值 """ """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """ pass def has_key(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 是否有key """ """ D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """ return False def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有项的列表形式 """ """ D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples """ return [] def iteritems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 项可迭代 """ """ D.iteritems() -> an iterator over the (key, value) items of D """ pass def iterkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ key可迭代 """ """ D.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys of D """ pass def itervalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ value可迭代 """ """ D.itervalues() -> an iterator over the values of D """ pass def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有的key列表 """ """ D.keys() -> list of D's keys """ return [] def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 获取并在字典中移除 """ """ D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value. If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised """ pass def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 获取并在字典中移除 """ """ D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty. """ pass def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 如果key不存在，则创建，如果存在，则返回已存在的值且不修改 """ """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """ pass def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update """ 更新 {'name':'alex', 'age': 18000} [('name','sbsbsb'),] """ """ D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F. If E present and has a .keys() method, does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k] If E present and lacks .keys() method, does: for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k] """ pass def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有的值 """ """ D.values() -> list of D's values """ return [] def viewitems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有项，只是将内容保存至view对象中 """ """ D.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """ pass def viewkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """ pass def viewvalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on D's values """ pass def __cmp__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """ pass def __contains__(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.__contains__(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """ return False def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """ pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__ """ dict() -> new empty dictionary dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: d = {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] = v dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """ pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """ pass __hash__ = None dict
1. clear 清除
2. copy 浅拷贝
3. fromkeys 根据列表规则创建一个新字典
dict.fromkeys(seq[, value])) seq -- 字典键值列表。 value -- 可选参数, 设置键序列（seq）的值。 seq =('name','age','sex') dict = dict.fromkeys(seq) print(str(dict)) dict2 = dict.fromkeys(seq,10) print(str(dict2)) {'sex': None, 'age': None, 'name': None} {'sex': 10, 'age': 10, 'name': 10}
4.get 指定键值
dict.get(key, default=None) key -- 字典中要查找的键。 default -- 如果指定键的值不存在时，返回该默认值值。 a = {'name':'xinzi','age':18} print(a.get('age')) print(a.get('sex','never')) 18 never
5. items 返回遍历元组数组
dict.items() a = {'name':'xinzi','age':18} print(a.items()) dict_items([('age', 18), ('name', 'xinzi')])
6.keys 以列表返回键值
dict.keys() a = {'name':'xinzi','age':18} print(a.keys()) dict_keys(['age', 'name'])
7. pop 获取，移除键值
dic.pop() a = {'name':'xinzi','age':18} a.pop('age') print(a) {'name': 'xinzi'}
8. popitem 获取和移除
9. setdfault 和get类似
dict.setdefault(key, default=None) key -- 查找的键值。 default -- 键不存在时，设置的默认键值。 a = {'name':'xinzi','age':18} print(a.setdefault('age',None)) print(a.setdefault('sex',None)) 18 None
10. update 更新字典
dict.update(dict2) dict2 -- 添加到指定字典dict里的字典。 a = {'name':'xinzi','age':18} b = {'sex':'man'} a.update(b) print(a) {'age': 18, 'name': 'xinzi', 'sex': 'man'}
11. values 以列表返回所有值
dict.values() a = {'name':'xinzi','age':18} print(a.values()) dict_values(['xinzi', 18])
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