英语的灵魂--介词(of篇)

of

一般表示占有、隶属,另一种更常见的用法是表达同位关系,即X of Y表示X和Y是同一个意思(1-4):

(1)笼统的数量概念:the age of five,即X是某个抽象的概念,Y是其具体化;

(2)X指所起作用,Y为事物本体:on the basis of these facts (以事实为依据),事实本身就是依据(同位关系),而并非事实中再有依据,此时of表达事实(Y)作为依据(X)之用;另一个例子:the backdrop of a market downturn,市场下滑本身即为背景,而非其中再有背景,市场下滑在此作背景之用;

(3)如果X是类别说明,Y是一个概念,则of可省略:the term quark, the name Jame;

(4)X是普通名词,Y是专有名词,Y从多个组成的类别中将X单独分出:the state of New York,the province of Jiangsu;

总结以上:X是抽象,Y充当具体解释之用。实际上of最原本的意思表达是空间上的距离感,所以可以想象一下X和Y的这种距离关系:\(X\leftarrow Y\),或者可以想象一下通过X视角来观察Y;

(5)脱离,即上面说到的距离感,与off类似:clear the pavement of snow;

(6)用在句首,可表达在某范围内:of all my friends,意思是我所有的朋友中,我所指的这个朋友具有某种特殊属性,可以理解成将这个朋友从朋友群中提出来,同样表达了距离感

(7)of之前可有插入语:the news, must come to her, of the winning result;

(8)of+名词,成形容词:he consider this tripe of the lowest order,这里不能把consider of当作词组来看待;可以这样想,这省略了the thing,例如,it is (the thing) of the importance(= it is important),the thing抽象,the importance具体。

(9)程度副词(something、enough等)+ of + a + 某物,表示多大程度上是某物:she is something of a musician,I'm enough of a fool to agree,he is more of a writer than a sholar,it was as much of a success as I had hoped(和我希望的一样成功),he is much of a coward to do that(太胆小以至于不能);

(10)将以上的a变成the,则表示有某种气质和风度:I'm still something of the child;

(11)of all,所有...中偏偏选中:you of all people should know(你是所有人中最应该知道的),why now of all times?(为什么偏偏是现在);

(12)off of,off是副词,of是介词,读(offa),get this bug off of me,由于off和of表达的意思相近,都是距离感,所以此时off可以去掉。

posted @ 2020-08-09 21:03  公羊尺  阅读(1350)  评论(0)    收藏  举报