kubeadm部署单Master节点kubernetes 21集群

kubernetes 1.21.0 部署环境准备

3.1 主机操作系统说明

序号	操作系统及版本	备注
1	CentOS7u9

3.2 主机硬件配置说明

需求	CPU	内存	硬盘	角色	主机名
值	4C	8G	100GB	master	master01
值	4C	8G	100GB	worker(node)	worker01
值	4C	8G	100GB	worker(node)	worker02

3.3 主机配置

3.3.1 主机名配置

由于本次使用3台主机完成kubernetes集群部署，其中1台为master节点,名称为master01;其中2台为worker节点，名称分别为：worker01及worker02

master节点,名称为master1
# hostnamectl set-hostname master01

worker1节点,名称为worker1
# hostnamectl set-hostname worker01

worker2节点,名称为worker2
# hostnamectl set-hostname worker02

3.3.2 主机IP地址配置

master节点IP地址为：192.168.70.11/24
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.70.11"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.70.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"

worker1节点IP地址为：192.168.70.12/24
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.70.12"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.70.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"

worker2节点IP地址为：192.168.70.13/24
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.70.13"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.70.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"

3.3.3 主机名与IP地址解析

所有集群主机均需要进行配置。

cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.10.71 master01
192.168.10.72 worker01
192.168.10.73 worker02

3.3.4 防火墙配置

所有主机均需要操作。

关闭现有防火墙firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
firewall-cmd --state
not running

3.3.5 SELINUX配置

所有主机均需要操作。修改SELinux配置需要重启操作系统。

# sed -ri 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

3.3.6 时间同步配置

所有主机均需要操作。最小化安装系统需要安装ntpdate软件。

crontab -l
0 */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com

3.3.7 升级操作系统内核

所有主机均需要操作。

导入elrepo gpg key
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org

安装elrepo YUM源仓库
yum -y install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

安装kernel-ml版本，ml为长期稳定版本，lt为长期维护版本
yum --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" -y install kernel-ml.x86_64

设置grub2默认引导为0
grub2-set-default 0

重新生成grub2引导文件
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

更新后，需要重启，使用升级的内核生效。
reboot

重启后，需要验证内核是否为更新对应的版本
uname -r

3.3.8 配置内核转发及网桥过滤

所有主机均需要操作。

添加网桥过滤及内核转发配置文件
cat /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness = 0

加载br_netfilter模块
modprobe br_netfilter

查看是否加载
lsmod | grep br_netfilter
br_netfilter           22256  0
bridge                151336  1 br_netfilter

加载网桥过滤及内核转发配置文件
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness = 0

3.3.9 安装ipset及ipvsadm

所有主机均需要操作。主要用于实现service转发。

安装ipset及ipvsadm
# yum -y install ipset ipvsadm

配置ipvsadm模块加载方式
添加需要加载的模块
# cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

授权、运行、检查是否加载
# chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

3.3.10 关闭SWAP分区

修改完成后需要重启操作系统，如不重启，可临时关闭，命令为swapoff -a

永远关闭swap分区，需要重启操作系统
# cat /etc/fstab
......
# /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

3.4 Docker准备

所有集群主机均需操作。

3.4.1 获取YUM源

使用阿里云开源软件镜像站。

# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

3.4.2 查看可安装版本

# yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r

3.4.3 安装指定版本并设置启动及开机自启动

# yum -y install --setopt=obsoletes=0 docker-ce-20.10.9-3.el7

# systemctl enable docker ; systemctl start docker

3.4.4 修改cgroup方式

在/etc/docker/daemon.json添加如下内容

# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
        "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}

3.4.5 重启docker

# systemctl restart docker

四、kubernetes 1.21.0 集群部署

4.1 集群软件及版本说明

	kubeadm	kubelet	kubectl
版本	1.21.0	1.21.0	1.21.0
安装位置	集群所有主机	集群所有主机	集群所有主机
作用	初始化集群、管理集群等	用于接收api-server指令，对pod生命周期进行管理	集群应用命令行管理工具

4.2 kubernetes YUM源准备

4.2.1 谷歌YUM源

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
        https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

4.2.2 阿里云YUM源

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

4.3 集群软件安装

查看指定版本
yum list kubeadm.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
yum list kubelet.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
yum list kubectl.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r

安装指定版本
# yum -y install --setopt=obsoletes=0 kubeadm-1.21.0-0  kubelet-1.21.0-0 kubectl-1.21.0-0

4.4 配置kubelet

为了实现docker使用的cgroupdriver与kubelet使用的cgroup的一致性，建议修改如下文件内容。

vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"

设置kubelet为开机自启动即可，由于没有生成配置文件，集群初始化后自动启动
systemctl enable kubelet

4.5 集群镜像准备

# kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=v1.21.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.21.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.21.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.21.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.21.0
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.4.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.13-0
k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0

# cat image_download.sh
#!/bin/bash
images_list='
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.21.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.21.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.21.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.21.0
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.4.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.13-0
k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0'

for i in $images_list
do
        docker pull $i
done

docker save -o k8s-1-21-0.tar $images_list

4.6 集群初始化

[root@master01 ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.21.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.70.11

输出内容，一定保留，便于后继操作使用。
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.21.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local master01] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.10.11]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost master01] and IPs [192.168.10.11 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost master01] and IPs [192.168.10.11 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 57.503834 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.21" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master01 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/master(deprecated) node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master01 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 9kz5id.pp5rhvzahj51lb5q
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.70.11:6443 --token 9kz5id.pp5rhvzahj51lb5q \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:86f9c4471b6ef08090ecffadc798040fe5d8ef5975afe527e65d2f0aedf66493

4.7 集群应用客户端管理集群文件准备

[root@master1 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@master1 ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@master1 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@master1 ~]# ls /root/.kube/
config

# export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

4.8 集群网络准备

使用calico部署集群网络
安装参考网址：https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/about/about-calico

4.8.1 calico安装

下载相关文件：

wget https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml

找到：

# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
#    value: "10.244.0.0/16"

将其改成：

- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
   value: "10.244.0.0/16"      #此IP段是上面初始集群时的pod ip段

之后应用此yaml文件：
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

删除 master 上的 taint
kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

已经全部运行
kubectl get pods -n calico-system
NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-666bb9949-dzp68   1/1     Running   0          11m
calico-node-jhcf4                         1/1     Running   4          11m
calico-typha-68b96d8d9c-7qfq7             1/1     Running   2          11m

查看kube-system命名空间中coredns状态，处于Running状态表明联网成功。
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-558bd4d5db-4jbdv           1/1     Running   0          113m
coredns-558bd4d5db-pw5x5           1/1     Running   0          113m
etcd-master01                      1/1     Running   0          113m
kube-apiserver-master01            1/1     Running   0          113m
kube-controller-manager-master01   1/1     Running   4          113m
kube-proxy-kbx4z                   1/1     Running   0          113m
kube-scheduler-master01            1/1     Running   3          113m

4.8.2 calico客户端安装

下载二进制文件
# curl -L https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.21.4/calicoctl-linux-amd64 -o calicoctl

安装calicoctl
# mv calicoctl /usr/bin/

为calicoctl添加可执行权限
chmod +x /usr/bin/calicoctl


查看calicoctl版本
# calicoctl  version
Client Version:    v3.21.4
Git commit:        220d04c94
Cluster Version:   v3.21.4
Cluster Type:      typha,kdd,k8s,operator,bgp,kubeadm

通过~/.kube/config连接kubernetes集群，查看已运行节点
# DATASTORE_TYPE=kubernetes KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config calicoctl get nodes
NAME
master01

4.9 集群工作节点添加

[root@worker01 ]# kubeadm join 192.168.70.11:6443 --token 9kz5id.pp5rhvzahj51lb5q \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:86f9c4471b6ef08090ecffadc798040fe5d8ef5975afe527e65d2f0aedf66493

[root@worker02 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.70.11:6443 --token 9kz5id.pp5rhvzahj51lb5q \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:86f9c4471b6ef08090ecffadc798040fe5d8ef5975afe527e65d2f0aedf66493

在master节点上操作，查看网络节点是否添加
# DATASTORE_TYPE=kubernetes KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config calicoctl get nodes
NAME
master01
worker01
worker02

4.10 验证集群可用性

查看所有的节点
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS   ROLES                  AGE    VERSION
master01   Ready    control-plane,master   169m   v1.21.0
worker01   Ready    <none>                 28m    v1.21.0
worker02   Ready    <none>                 28m    v1.21.0

查看集群健康情况,理想状态
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok
scheduler            Healthy   ok
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

真实情况
# kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                 STATUS      MESSAGE                                                                                       ERROR
scheduler            Unhealthy   Get "http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
controller-manager   Unhealthy   Get "http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused
etcd-0               Healthy     {"health":"true"}

查看kubernetes集群pod运行情况
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-558bd4d5db-4jbdv           1/1     Running   1          169m
coredns-558bd4d5db-pw5x5           1/1     Running   1          169m
etcd-master01                      1/1     Running   1          170m
kube-apiserver-master01            1/1     Running   1          170m
kube-controller-manager-master01   1/1     Running   14         170m
kube-proxy-kbx4z                   1/1     Running   1          169m
kube-proxy-rgtr8                   1/1     Running   0          29m
kube-proxy-sq9xv                   1/1     Running   0          29m
kube-scheduler-master01            1/1     Running   11         170m

再次查看calico-system命名空间中pod运行情况。
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n calico-system
NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-666bb9949-dzp68   1/1     Running   3          70m
calico-node-jhcf4                         1/1     Running   15         70m
calico-node-jxq9p                         1/1     Running   0          30m
calico-node-kf78q                         1/1     Running   0          30m
calico-typha-68b96d8d9c-7qfq7             1/1     Running   13         70m
calico-typha-68b96d8d9c-wz2zj             1/1     Running   0          20m

posted @ 2023-11-18 05:04 Peter_Yi 阅读(24) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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Peter_Yi

kubeadm部署单Master节点kubernetes 21集群

3.1 主机操作系统说明

3.2 主机硬件配置说明

3.3 主机配置

3.3.1 主机名配置

3.3.2 主机IP地址配置

3.3.3 主机名与IP地址解析

3.3.4 防火墙配置

3.3.5 SELINUX配置

3.3.6 时间同步配置

3.3.7 升级操作系统内核

3.3.8 配置内核转发及网桥过滤

3.3.9 安装ipset及ipvsadm

3.3.10 关闭SWAP分区

3.4 Docker准备

3.4.1 获取YUM源

3.4.2 查看可安装版本

3.4.3 安装指定版本并设置启动及开机自启动

3.4.4 修改cgroup方式

3.4.5 重启docker

四、kubernetes 1.21.0 集群部署

4.1 集群软件及版本说明

4.2 kubernetes YUM源准备

4.2.1 谷歌YUM源

4.2.2 阿里云YUM源

4.3 集群软件安装

4.4 配置kubelet

4.5 集群镜像准备

4.6 集群初始化

4.7 集群应用客户端管理集群文件准备

4.8 集群网络准备

4.8.1 calico安装

4.8.2 calico客户端安装

4.9 集群工作节点添加

4.10 验证集群可用性

公告