首先,下面是一个不正确地使用了默认clone方法的类的示例:
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package examples.cloning;
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/** An example class used to demonstrate what
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* happens when the default Object.clone method
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* is not overridden in a class with object
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* reference fields.
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*/
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public class IntArrayShared implements Cloneable {
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private int[] a;
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/** Class constructor method
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* @param size The maximum number of elements
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* @param initValue The initial value given
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*/
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public IntArrayShared( int size, int initValue ) {
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a = new int[size];
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for( int i=0; i < a.length; i++ ) {
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a[i] = initValue;
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}
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}
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/** Obtain the value of an array element
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* @param index the array index of interest
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* @return the value at the specified index
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*/
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public int elementAt( int index ) {
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return a[index];
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}
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/** Set the value of an array element
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* @param index the array index to be updated
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* @param newValue the new value given
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*/
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public void setValue( int index, int newValue ) {
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a[index] = newValue;
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}
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/** Converts the object into a String
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* @return The value of the array as a String
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*/
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public String toString() {
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StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer( "[ " );
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for( int i=0; i < a.length; i++ ) {
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sb.append( a[i] + " " );
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}
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return sb.append( "]" ).toString();
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}
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/** The test method for the class
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* @param args Not used
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* @exception CloneNotSupportedException
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* The inherited clone method may
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* throw this exception
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*/
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public static void main( String[] args )
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throws CloneNotSupportedException {
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IntArrayShared x = new IntArrayShared( 5, 0 );
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IntArrayShared y = (IntArrayShared) x.clone();
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System.out.println( x );
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System.out.println( y );
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x.setValue( 2, 9999 );
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System.out.println( x );
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System.out.println( y );
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}
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}
package examples.cloning;2

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/** An example class used to demonstrate what4
* happens when the default Object.clone method5
* is not overridden in a class with object6
* reference fields.7
*/8
public class IntArrayShared implements Cloneable {9

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private int[] a;11

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/** Class constructor method13
* @param size The maximum number of elements14
* @param initValue The initial value given15
*/16
public IntArrayShared( int size, int initValue ) {17
a = new int[size];18
for( int i=0; i < a.length; i++ ) {19
a[i] = initValue;20
}21
}22

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/** Obtain the value of an array element24
* @param index the array index of interest25
* @return the value at the specified index26
*/27
public int elementAt( int index ) {28
return a[index];29
}30

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/** Set the value of an array element32
* @param index the array index to be updated33
* @param newValue the new value given34
*/35
public void setValue( int index, int newValue ) {36
a[index] = newValue;37
}38

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/** Converts the object into a String40
* @return The value of the array as a String41
*/42
public String toString() {43
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer( "[ " ); 44
for( int i=0; i < a.length; i++ ) {45
sb.append( a[i] + " " );46
}47
return sb.append( "]" ).toString();48
}49

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/** The test method for the class51
* @param args Not used52
* @exception CloneNotSupportedException53
* The inherited clone method may54
* throw this exception55
*/56
public static void main( String[] args ) 57
throws CloneNotSupportedException {58
IntArrayShared x = new IntArrayShared( 5, 0 );59
IntArrayShared y = (IntArrayShared) x.clone();60
System.out.println( x );61
System.out.println( y );62

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x.setValue( 2, 9999 );64
System.out.println( x );65
System.out.println( y );66
}67
}结果如下:
[ 0 0 0 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 0 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 9999 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 9999 0 0 ]
上面定义的引用域(是由整数构成的一个数组)不是不变的。因此,继承的Object.clone方法不能正确地克隆这个域。
下面是一个正确改写clone方法的示例:
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package examples.cloning;
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/** An example class used to demonstrate proper cloning
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* concepts
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*/
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public class IntArray implements Cloneable {
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private int[] a;
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/** Class constructor method
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* @param size The maximum number of elements
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* @param initValue The initial value given
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*/
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public IntArray( int size, int initValue ) {
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a = new int[ size ];
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for( int i=0; i<a.length; i++ ) {
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a[i] = initValue;
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}
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}
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/** Obtain the value of an array element
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* @param index the array index of interest
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* @return the value at the specified index
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*/
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public int elementAt( int index )
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{ return a[ index ]; }
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/** Set the value of an array element
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* @param index the array index to be updated
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* @param newValue the new value given
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*/
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public void setValue( int index, int newValue ) {
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a[ index ] = newValue;
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}
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/** Convert the object to a String
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* @return The value of the array as a String
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* object
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*/
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public String toString() {
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StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer( "[ " );
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for( int i=0; i<a.length; i++ ) {
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sb.append( a[i] + " " );
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}
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return sb.append( "]" ).toString();
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}
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/** Provide a clone method specifically for the
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* IntArray class
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* @exception CloneNotSupportedException
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* Superclass may throw this
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* @return A clone of the object
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*/
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public Object clone()
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throws CloneNotSupportedException {
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IntArray newObject = (IntArray)super.clone();
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newObject.a = (int[])a.clone();
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return newObject;
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}
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/** The test method for the class
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* @param args Not used
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* @exception CloneNotSupportedException
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* The overiding clone method may
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* throw this
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*/
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public static void main( String[] args )
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throws CloneNotSupportedException {
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IntArray x = new IntArray( 5, 0 );
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IntArray y = (IntArray)x.clone();
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System.out.println( x );
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System.out.println( y );
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x.setValue( 2, 9999 );
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System.out.println( x );
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System.out.println( y );
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}
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}
package examples.cloning;2

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/** An example class used to demonstrate proper cloning4
* concepts5
*/6
public class IntArray implements Cloneable {7

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private int[] a;9

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/** Class constructor method11
* @param size The maximum number of elements12
* @param initValue The initial value given13
*/14
public IntArray( int size, int initValue ) {15
a = new int[ size ];16
for( int i=0; i<a.length; i++ ) {17
a[i] = initValue;18
}19
}20

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/** Obtain the value of an array element22
* @param index the array index of interest23
* @return the value at the specified index24
*/25
public int elementAt( int index )26
{ return a[ index ]; }27

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/** Set the value of an array element29
* @param index the array index to be updated30
* @param newValue the new value given31
*/32
public void setValue( int index, int newValue ) {33
a[ index ] = newValue;34
}35

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/** Convert the object to a String37
* @return The value of the array as a String38
* object39
*/40
public String toString() {41
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer( "[ " ); 42
for( int i=0; i<a.length; i++ ) {43
sb.append( a[i] + " " );44
}45
return sb.append( "]" ).toString();46
}47

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/** Provide a clone method specifically for the49
* IntArray class50
* @exception CloneNotSupportedException51
* Superclass may throw this52
* @return A clone of the object53
*/54
public Object clone()55
throws CloneNotSupportedException {56
IntArray newObject = (IntArray)super.clone();57
newObject.a = (int[])a.clone();58
return newObject;59
}60

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/** The test method for the class62
* @param args Not used63
* @exception CloneNotSupportedException64
* The overiding clone method may65
* throw this66
*/67
public static void main( String[] args ) 68
throws CloneNotSupportedException {69
IntArray x = new IntArray( 5, 0 );70
IntArray y = (IntArray)x.clone();71
System.out.println( x );72
System.out.println( y );73

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x.setValue( 2, 9999 );75
System.out.println( x );76
System.out.println( y );77
}78
}结果如下:
[ 0 0 0 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 0 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 9999 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 0 0 0 ]
希望我的这两个例子可以更好地帮助大家理解clone。


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