多线程1

关于选择继承Thread还是实现Runnable接口?

Thread也是实现Runnable接口的

Thread中的run方法调用的是Runnable接口的run方法。Thread和Runnable都实现了run方法,这种操作模式其实就是代理模式

ThreadRunnable的区别:

如果一个类继承Thread,则不适合资源共享。但是如果实现了Runable接口的话,则很容易的实现资源共享。

 

总结一下:

实现Runnable接口比继承Thread类所具有的优势:

1):适合多个相同的程序代码的线程去处理同一个资源

2):可以避免java中的单继承的限制

3):增加程序的健壮性,代码可以被多个线程共享,代码和数据独立。

 

main方法其实也是一个线程。在java中所以的线程都是同时启动的,至于什么时候,哪个先执行,完全看谁先得到CPU的资源。

 

java中,每次程序运行至少启动2个线程。一个是main线程,一个是垃圾收集线程。因为每当使用java命令执行一个类的时候,实际上都会启动一个JVM,每一个jVM实习在就是在操作系统中启动了一个进程。

 

主线程也有可能在子线程结束之前结束。并且子线程不受影响,不会因为主线程的结束而结束。

 

【使用线程同步解决问题】

采用同步的话,可以使用同步代码块和同步方法两种来完成。

 

【同步代码块】:

语法格式:

synchronized(同步对象){

 //需要同步的代码

}

但是一般都把当前对象this作为同步对象。

比如对于上面的买票的问题,如下:

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/**

 * @author Rollen-Holt

 * */

class hello implements Runnable {

    public void run() {

        for(int i=0;i<10;++i){

            synchronized (this) {

                if(count>0){

                    try{

                        Thread.sleep(1000);

                    }catch(InterruptedException e){

                        e.printStackTrace();

                    }

                    System.out.println(count--);

                }

            }

        }

    }

 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        hello he=new hello();

        Thread h1=new Thread(he);

        Thread h2=new Thread(he);

        Thread h3=new Thread(he);

        h1.start();

        h2.start();

        h3.start();

    }

    private int count=5;

}

【运行结果】:(每一秒输出一个结果)

5

4

3

2

1

 

【同步方法】

也可以采用同步方法。

语法格式为synchronized 方法返回类型方法名(参数列表){

    // 其他代码

}

现在,我们采用同步方法解决上面的问题。

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/**

 * @author Rollen-Holt

 * */

class hello implements Runnable {

    public void run() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {

            sale();

        }

    }

 

    public synchronized void sale() {

        if (count > 0) {

            try {

                Thread.sleep(1000);

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

            System.out.println(count--);

        }

    }

 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        hello he = new hello();

        Thread h1 = new Thread(he);

        Thread h2 = new Thread(he);

        Thread h3 = new Thread(he);

        h1.start();

        h2.start();

        h3.start();

    }

 

    private int count = 5;

}

【运行结果】(每秒输出一个)

5

4

3

2

1

提醒一下,当多个线程共享一个资源的时候需要进行同步,但是过多的同步可能导致死锁。

 

同步代码块和同步方法的区别?????

 

【生产者和消费者问题】

 

 

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class Info {

 

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

 

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

 

    public int getAge() {

        return age;

    }

 

    public void setAge(int age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

 

    private String name = "Rollen";

    private int age = 20;

}

 

/**

 * 生产者

 * */

class Producer implements Runnable{

    private Info info=null;

    Producer(Info info){

        this.info=info;

    }

     

    public void run(){

        boolean flag=false;

        for(int i=0;i<25;++i){

            if(flag){

                this.info.setName("Rollen");

                try{

                    Thread.sleep(100);

                }catch (Exception e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

                this.info.setAge(20);

                flag=false;

            }else{

                this.info.setName("chunGe");

                try{

                    Thread.sleep(100);

                }catch (Exception e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

                this.info.setAge(100);

                flag=true;

            }

        }

    }

}

/**

 * 消费者类

 * */

class Consumer implements Runnable{

    private Info info=null;

    public Consumer(Info info){

        this.info=info;

    }

     

    public void run(){

        for(int i=0;i<25;++i){

            try{

                Thread.sleep(100);

            }catch (Exception e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

            System.out.println(this.info.getName()+"<---->"+this.info.getAge());

        }

    }

}

 

/**

 * 测试类

 * */

class hello{

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Info info=new Info();

        Producer pro=new Producer(info);

        Consumer con=new Consumer(info);

        new Thread(pro).start();

        new Thread(con).start();

    }

}

【运行结果】:

Rollen<---->100

chunGe<---->20

chunGe<---->100

Rollen<---->100

chunGe<---->20

Rollen<---->100

Rollen<---->100

Rollen<---->100

chunGe<---->20

chunGe<---->20

chunGe<---->20

Rollen<---->100

chunGe<---->20

Rollen<---->100

chunGe<---->20

Rollen<---->100

chunGe<---->20

Rollen<---->100

chunGe<---->20

Rollen<---->100

chunGe<---->20

Rollen<---->100

chunGe<---->20

Rollen<---->100

chunGe<---->20

大家可以从结果中看到,名字和年龄并没有对等。

 

那么如何解决呢?

1加入同步

2加入等待和唤醒

先来看看加入同步会是如何。

 

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class Info {

     

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

 

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

 

    public int getAge() {

        return age;

    }

 

    public void setAge(int age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

 

    public synchronized void set(String name, int age){

        this.name=name;

        try{

            Thread.sleep(100);

        }catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        this.age=age;

    }

     

    public synchronized void get(){

        try{

            Thread.sleep(100);

        }catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        System.out.println(this.getName()+"<===>"+this.getAge());

    }

    private String name = "Rollen";

    private int age = 20;

}

 

/**

 * 生产者

 * */

class Producer implements Runnable {

    private Info info = null;

 

    Producer(Info info) {

        this.info = info;

    }

 

    public void run() {

        boolean flag = false;

        for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {

            if (flag) {

                 

                this.info.set("Rollen", 20);

                flag = false;

            } else {

                this.info.set("ChunGe", 100);

                flag = true;

            }

        }

    }

}

 

/**

 * 消费者类

 * */

class Consumer implements Runnable {

    private Info info = null;

 

    public Consumer(Info info) {

        this.info = info;

    }

 

    public void run() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {

            try {

                Thread.sleep(100);

            } catch (Exception e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

            this.info.get();

        }

    }

}

 

/**

 * 测试类

 * */

class hello {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Info info = new Info();

        Producer pro = new Producer(info);

        Consumer con = new Consumer(info);

        new Thread(pro).start();

        new Thread(con).start();

    }

}

【运行结果】:

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

ChunGe<===>100

从运行结果来看,错乱的问题解决了,现在是Rollen 对应20,ChunGe对于100

,但是还是出现了重复读取的问题,也肯定有重复覆盖的问题。如果想解决这个问题,就需要使用Object类帮忙了、

,我们可以使用其中的等待和唤醒操作。

要完成上面的功能,我们只需要修改Info类即可,在其中加上标志位,并且通过判断标志位完成等待和唤醒的操作,代码如下:

 

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class Info {

     

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

 

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

 

    public int getAge() {

        return age;

    }

 

    public void setAge(int age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

 

    public synchronized void set(String name, int age){

        if(!flag){

            try{

                super.wait();

            }catch (Exception e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

        this.name=name;

        try{

            Thread.sleep(100);

        }catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        this.age=age;

        flag=false;

        super.notify();

    }

     

    public synchronized void get(){

        if(flag){

            try{

                super.wait();

            }catch (Exception e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

         

        try{

            Thread.sleep(100);

        }catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        System.out.println(this.getName()+"<===>"+this.getAge());

        flag=true;

        super.notify();

    }

    private String name = "Rollen";

    private int age = 20;

    private boolean flag=false;

}

 

/**

 * 生产者

 * */

class Producer implements Runnable {

    private Info info = null;

 

    Producer(Info info) {

        this.info = info;

    }

 

    public void run() {

        boolean flag = false;

        for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {

            if (flag) {

                 

                this.info.set("Rollen", 20);

                flag = false;

            } else {

                this.info.set("ChunGe", 100);

                flag = true;

            }

        }

    }

}

 

/**

 * 消费者类

 * */

class Consumer implements Runnable {

    private Info info = null;

 

    public Consumer(Info info) {

        this.info = info;

    }

 

    public void run() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {

            try {

                Thread.sleep(100);

            } catch (Exception e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

            this.info.get();

        }

    }

}

 

/**

 * 测试类

 * */

class hello {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Info info = new Info();

        Producer pro = new Producer(info);

        Consumer con = new Consumer(info);

        new Thread(pro).start();

        new Thread(con).start();

    }

}

?

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【程序运行结果】:

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

ChunGe<===>100

Rollen<===>20

                                                                                                   

 先在看结果就可以知道,之前的问题完全解决。

posted @ 2018-10-09 10:47  不起名字的博客用户  阅读(166)  评论(0)    收藏  举报