pyqt基础
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QToolTip,
QPushButton, QApplication)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont
class Example(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
#这种静态的方法设置一个用于显示工具提示的字体。我们使用10px滑体字体。
QToolTip.setFont(QFont('SansSerif', 10))
#创建一个提示，我们称之为settooltip()方法。我们可以使用丰富的文本格式
self.setToolTip('This is a <b>QWidget</b> widget')
#创建一个PushButton并为他设置一个tooltip
btn = QPushButton('Button', self)
btn.setToolTip('This is a <b>QPushButton</b> widget')
#btn.sizeHint()显示默认尺寸
btn.resize(btn.sizeHint())
#移动窗口的位置
btn.move(50, 50)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
self.setWindowTitle('Tooltips')
self.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
#控制窗口显示在屏幕中心的方法
QtGui,QDesktopWidget类提供了用户的桌面信息,包括屏幕大小
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QDesktopWidget, QApplication
#获得窗口
qr = self.frameGeometry()
#获得屏幕中心点
cp = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry().center()
#显示到屏幕中心
qr.moveCenter(cp)
self.move(qr.topLeft())
布局
窗口布局
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QPushButton,
QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QApplication)
class Example(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
okButton = QPushButton("OK")
cancelButton = QPushButton("Cancel")
hbox = QHBoxLayout()
hbox.addStretch(1)
hbox.addWidget(okButton)
hbox.addWidget(cancelButton)
vbox = QVBoxLayout()
vbox.addStretch(1)
vbox.addLayout(hbox)
self.setLayout(vbox)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 150)
self.setWindowTitle('Buttons')
self.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
表格布局
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QGridLayout,
QPushButton, QApplication)
class Example(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
grid = QGridLayout()
self.setLayout(grid)
names = ['Cls', 'Bck', '', 'Close',
'7', '8', '9', '/',
'4', '5', '6', '*',
'1', '2', '3', '-',
'0', '.', '=', '+']
positions = [(i,j) for i in range(5) for j in range(4)]
for position, name in zip(positions, names):
if name == '':
continue
button = QPushButton(name)
grid.addWidget(button, *position)
self.move(300, 150)
self.setWindowTitle('Calculator')
self.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel, QLineEdit,
QTextEdit, QGridLayout, QApplication)
class Example(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
title = QLabel('Title')
author = QLabel('Author')
review = QLabel('Review')
titleEdit = QLineEdit()
authorEdit = QLineEdit()
reviewEdit = QTextEdit()
grid = QGridLayout()
grid.setSpacing(10)
grid.addWidget(title, 1, 0)
grid.addWidget(titleEdit, 1, 1)
grid.addWidget(author, 2, 0)
grid.addWidget(authorEdit, 2, 1)
grid.addWidget(review, 3, 0)
grid.addWidget(reviewEdit, 3, 1, 5,1)
self.setLayout(grid)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 300)
self.setWindowTitle('Review')
self.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
菜单栏
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QAction, qApp, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
class Example(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit.png'), '&Exit', self)
exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')
exitAction.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)
self.statusBar()
#创建一个菜单栏
menubar = self.menuBar()
#添加菜单
fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
#添加事件
fileMenu.addAction(exitAction)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
self.setWindowTitle('Menubar')
self.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
工具栏
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QAction, qApp, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
class Example(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit24.png'), 'Exit', self)
exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
exitAction.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)
self.toolbar = self.addToolBar('Exit')
self.toolbar.addAction(exitAction)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
self.setWindowTitle('Toolbar')
self.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
合并
def initUI(self):
textEdit = QTextEdit()
self.setCentralWidget(textEdit)
exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit24.png'), 'Exit', self)
exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')
exitAction.triggered.connect(self.close)
self.statusBar()
menubar = self.menuBar()
fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
fileMenu.addAction(exitAction)
toolbar = self.addToolBar('Exit')
toolbar.addAction(exitAction)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 250)
self.setWindowTitle('Main window')
self.show()
事件
def initUI(self):
lcd = QLCDNumber(self)
sld = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
vbox = QVBoxLayout()
vbox.addWidget(lcd)
vbox.addWidget(sld)
self.setLayout(vbox)
sld.valueChanged.connect(lcd.display)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)
self.setWindowTitle('Signal & slot')
self.show()
def keyPressEvent(self, e):
if e.key() == Qt.Key_Escape:
self.close()
def initUI(self):
btn1 = QPushButton("Button 1", self)
btn1.move(30, 50)
btn2 = QPushButton("Button 2", self)
btn2.move(150, 50)
btn1.clicked.connect(self.buttonClicked)
btn2.clicked.connect(self.buttonClicked)
self.statusBar()
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 290, 150)
self.setWindowTitle('Event sender')
self.show()
def buttonClicked(self):
sender = self.sender()
self.statusBar().showMessage(sender.text() + ' was pressed')
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QObject
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication
class Communicate(QObject):
closeApp = pyqtSignal()
class Example(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.c = Communicate()
self.c.closeApp.connect(self.close)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 290, 150)
self.setWindowTitle('Emit signal')
self.show()
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
self.c.closeApp.emit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
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