s4 model orm
- ORM操作表
- 单表增删改查
# models.py
from django.db import models
class UserGroup(models.Model):
"""
部门
"""
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
"""
models.UserGroup.objects.create(title='销售部')
models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id=2).delete()
models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id=2).update(title='公关部')
group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.all()
group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1)
group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id__gt=1) #大于
group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id__lt=1) #小于
"""
class UserInfo(models.Model):
"""
员工
"""
nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True)
user = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(default=1)
# ug_id
ug = models.ForeignKey("UserGroup",null=True)
# views.py
from app01 import models
def index(request):
# 增删改查
# 新增
# models.UserGroup.objects.create(title='销售部')
# models.UserInfo.objects.create(user='root',password='pwd',age=18,ug_id=1)
# 查找
# group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.all()
# group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1)
# group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
# group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id__lt=1)
# models.UserInfo.objects.all()
# group_list QuerySet类型（列表）
# QuerySet类型[obj,obj,obj]
# print(group_list)
# for row in group_list:
# print(row.id,row.title)
# 删除
# models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id=2).delete()
# 更新
# models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id=2).update(title='公关部')
group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.all()
return render(request,'newindex.html',{"group_list": group_list})
# html
<body>
<ul>
{% for row in group_list %}
<li>{{ row.id }} === {{ row.title }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
# 内容梳理
class Foo(models.Model):
# nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) 自动创建
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Bar(models.Model):
title = ...
f = FK...
增加：
Foo.objects.create(name='ff')
获取：
result = Foo.objects.all()
QuerySet[Foo(),Foo()Foo()Foo()] --> 类似列表
result = Foo.objects.filter(id=1)
QuerySet[obj,] --> 列表
QuerySet[obj,obj,obj] --> 列表
result = Foo.objects.filter(name="alex").first()
obj .first()--> 对象
删除：
Foo.objects.filter(id=1).delete()
更新：
Foo.objects.filter(id=1).update()
- 连表操作
# models.py
# class Foo(models.Model):
# caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)
class UserType(models.Model):
"""
用户类型
"""
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
# fo = models.ForeignKey('Foo')
class UserInfo(models.Model):
"""
用户表
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=16)
age = models.IntegerField()
ut = models.ForeignKey('UserType')
# views.py
# 创建数据：
models.UserType.objects.create(title='普通用户')
models.UserInfo.objects.create(name='方少伟',age=18,ut_id=1)
# 获取多个数据
# QuerySet[obj,obj,obj]
# result = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
# for obj in result:
# print(obj.name,obj.age,obj.ut_id,obj.ut.title)
# # print(obj.name,obj.age,obj.ut_id,obj.ut.fo.caption)
# 正向操作
# UserInfo，ut是FK字段
# 一个用户只有一个用户类型
# obj = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()
# print(obj.name,obj.age,obj.ut.title)
# 反向操作
# UserType, 表名小写_set.all()
# 一个用户类型下可以有很多用户
# obj = models.UserType.objects.all().first()
# print(obj.id,obj.title)
# #print(obj.id,obj.title,obj.userinfo_set.all())
# for row in obj.userinfo_set.all():
# print(row.name,row.age)
# 反向操作 二次筛选
# result = models.UserType.objects.all()
# for item in result:
# # print(item.title,item.userinfo_set.all())
# print(item.title,item.userinfo_set.filter(name='xx'))
# 只取 id,name
# result = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('id','name')
# QuerySet[{'id':'xx','name':'xx'} ] --> 里面是字典
# for row in result:
# print(row)
# 只取 id,name
# result = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','name')
# # QuerySet[(1,'f'), ] -->里面是元组
# for row in result:
# print(row)
# 后补充
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=6).delete()
# v=models.UserInfo.objects.values('id','name')
# v=models.UserInfo.objects.values('id','name','ut__title')
# # select * from userinfo left join usertype
# v= models.UserType.objects.values('id','title')
# print(v)
# # v2= models.UserType.objects.values('id','title','userinfo')
# select * from usertype left join userinfo
# v2= models.UserType.objects.values('id','title','userinfo__name')
# print(v2)
# 获取多个数据时
1. [obj,obj,obj,]
models.UserInfo.objects.all()
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
result = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
for item in result:
print(item.name,item.ut.title)
2. [{id:1,name:fd},{id:1,name:fd},{id:1,name:fd},]
里面是字典
models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('id','name')
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=1).values('id','name')
# 无法跨表
result = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('id','name')
for item in result:
print(item['id'],item['name'])
# 夸表 __
result = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('id','name',"ut__title")
for item in result: # item是字典
print(item['id'],item['name'],item['ut__title'])
3. [(1,df),(2,'df')]
里面是元组
models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','name')
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=1).values_list('id','name')
# 无法跨表
result = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','name')
for item in result:
print(item[0],item[1])
# 夸表 __
result = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','name',"ut__title")
for item in result: # item是元组
print(item[0],item[1],item[2])
# 内容梳理
class UserGroup(models.Model):
"""
部门 3
"""
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class UserInfo(models.Model):
"""
员工4
"""
nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True)
user = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(default=1)
# ug_id 1
ug = models.ForeignKey("UserGroup",null=True)
- 跨表
正向操作：
1. 对象方式
q = UserInfo.objects.all().first()
q.ug.title
2. values
UserInfo.objects.values('nid','ug_id')
UserInfo.objects.values('nid','ug_id','ug__title')
3. values_list
UserInfo.objects.values_list('nid','ug_id','ug__title')
反向操作：
1. 小写的表名_set 对象方式
obj = UserGroup.objects.all().first()
result = obj.userinfo_set.all() [userinfo对象,userinfo对象,]
2. 小写的表名
v = UserGroup.objects.values('id','title')
v = UserGroup.objects.values('id','title','小写的表名称')
v = UserGroup.objects.values('id','title','小写的表名称__age')
3. 小写的表名
v = UserGroup.objects.values_list('id','title')
v = UserGroup.objects.values_list('id','title','小写的表名称')
v = UserGroup.objects.values_list('id','title','小写的表名称__age')
PS: 前面的所有数据都会显示
- 其他：
UserInfo.objects.all()
UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1,id=2)
UserInfo.objects.all().first()
UserInfo.objects.all().count()
UserInfo.objects.all().update()
UserInfo.objects.all().delete()
UserInfo.objects.all()[1:19]
- 跨表：
正向：
xxxx.filter(ut__title='超级用户').values('id','name','ut__title')
反向：
xxxx.filter(小写表名称__title='超级用户').values('id','name','小写表名称__title')
- ORM操作
# 支持字典：
class Foo:
xx = in
.
1.增加
create (name='xxx',age=18)
dict={name:xxx,age:35}
create(**dict)
2.更新
models.xx.objects.filter(id=1).update(a=1,b=2)
models.xx.objects.filter(id=1).update(**dict)
3.查询
models.xx.objects.filter(id=1,xxx)
models.xx.objects.filter(**{id:1,name='alex'})
Form组件：
数据转换成字典，用户请求规则验证
1. 增删改查
2. 一般：
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__lt=1)
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__lte=1)
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gte=1)
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__in=[1,2,3])
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__range=[1,2])
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name__startswith='xxxx')
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name__contains='xxxx')
# models.UserInfo.objects.exclude(id=1) #id 不等于 1
3. 排序
user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('id')
user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('-id')
user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('-id','name')
# id重复下，按照'name'排序
"""
class UserInfo(models.Model):
...
def __str__(self):
return '%s-%s'%(self.id,self.name)
"""
4. 分组
from django.db.models import Count,Sum,Max,Min
# v=models.UserInfo.objects.values('ut_id').annotate(xxx=Count('id'))
# SELECT 'app01_userinfo'.'ut_id',COUNT('app01_userinfo'.'id') AS 'xxx'
FROM 'app01_userinfo' GROUP BY 'app01_userinfo'.'ut_id'
# print(v.query) # 查看生成的语句
# v=models.UserInfo.objects.values('ut_id').annotate(xxx=Count('id')).filter(xxx__gt=2)
# having
# + HAVING COUNT('app01_userinfo'.'id');
# print(v.query)
# v=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=2).values('ut_id').annotate(xxx=Count('id')).filter(xxx__gt=2)
# where
# SELECT 'app01_userinfo'.'ut_id',COUNT('app01_userinfo'.'id') AS 'xxx'
FROM 'app01_userinfo' WHERE 'app01_userinfo'.'id' >2
GROUP BY 'app01_userinfo'.'ut_id' HAVING COUNT('app01_userinfo'.'id');
print(v.query)
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__lt=1)
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__lte=1)
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gte=1)
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__in=[1,2,3])
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__range=[1,3])
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name__startswith='xx')
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name__contains='xx')
# models.UserInfo.objects.exclude(id=1) # 不等于
# filter(age__isnull=True)
5. F，更新时用于获取原来的值
# from django.db.models import F,Q
# models.UserInfo.objects.all().update(age=F("age")+1)
6. Q，用于构造复杂查询条件
# from django.db.models import F,Q
# condition = {
# 'id':1,
# 'name': 'root'
# }
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(**condition)
# 条件写成字典型
# 应用一：
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(Q(id__gt=1))
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(Q(id=8) | Q(id=2)) # or 条件
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(Q(id=8) & Q(id=2))
# 应用二：
# q1 = Q()
# q1.connector = 'OR'
# q1.children.append(('id__gt', 1))
# q1.children.append(('id', 10))
# q1.children.append(('id', 9))
#
#
# q2 = Q()
# q2.connector = 'OR'
# q2.children.append(('c1', 1))
# q2.children.append(('c1', 10))
# q2.children.append(('c1', 9))
#
# q3 = Q()
# q3.connector = 'AND'
# q3.children.append(('id', 1))
# q3.children.append(('id', 2))
# q2.add(q3,'OR')
#
# con = Q()
# con.add(q1, 'AND')
# con.add(q2, 'AND')
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(con)
# 应用场景：组合搜索
# condition_dict={
# 'k1':[1,2,3,4],
# 'k2':[1,],
# 'k3':[11,]
# }
# con=Q()
# for k,v in condition_dict:
# q=Q()
# q.connector='OR'
# for i in v:
# q.children.append('id',i)
# con.add(q,'AND')
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(con)
7. extra, 额外查询条件以及相关表，排序
例子：
# """
# select
# id,
# name,
# (select count(1) from tb) as n
# from xb where ....
# """
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.all().extra(
# select={
# 'n':"select count(1) from app01_usertype where id=%s or id=%s",
# 'm':"select count(1) from app01_usertype where id=%s or id=%s",
# },
# select_params=[1,2,3,4])
# for obj in v:
# print(obj.name,obj.id,obj.n)
# models.UserInfo.objects.extra(
# where=["id=1","name='alex'"] # AND连接
# )
# models.UserInfo.objects.extra(
# where=["id=1 or id=%s ","name=%s"],
# params=[1,"alex"]
# )
# models.UserInfo.objects.extra(
# tables=['app01_usertype'],
# where={...}
# )
# """select * from app01_userinfo,app01_usertype"""
# select * from app01_usertype,app01_usertype WHERE app01_usertype.id= app01_userinfo.ut_id
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
models.UserInfo.objects.all()
# id name age ut_id
models.UserInfo.objects.extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None)
# a. 映射
# select
# select_params=None
# select 此处 from 表
# b. 条件
# where=None
# params=None,
# select * from 表 where 此处
# c. 表
# tables
# select * from 表,此处
# d. 排序
# order_by=None
# select * from 表 order by 此处
models.UserInfo.objects.extra(
select={'newid':'select count(1) from app01_usertype where id>%s'},
select_params=[1,],
where = ['age>%s'],
params=[18,],
order_by=['-age'],
tables=['app01_usertype']
)
"""
select
app01_userinfo.id, # 隐含id
(select count(1) from app01_usertype where id>1) as newid
from app01_userinfo,app01_usertype
where
app01_userinfo.age > 18
order by
app01_userinfo.age desc
"""
- 例子：
# result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
# print(result.query)
result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=1).extra(
where=['app01_userinfo.id < %s'],
params=[100,],
tables=['app01_usertype'],
order_by=['-app01_userinfo.id'],
select={'uid':1,'sw':"select count(1) from app01_userinfo"}
)
print(result.query)
"""
SELECT
(1) AS "uid", (select count(1) from app01_userinfo) AS "sw",
"app01_userinfo"."id", "app01_userinfo"."name", "app01_userinfo"."age", "app01_userinfo"."ut_id"
FROM
"app01_userinfo" , "app01_usertype"
WHERE
("app01_userinfo"."id" > 1
AND
(app01_userinfo.id < 100))
ORDER BY ("app01_userinfo".id) DESC
"""
8. 原生SQL语句
from django.db import connection, connections
cursor = connection.cursor() # connection=default数据
cursor = connections['db2'].cursor()
cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1])
row = cursor.fetchone()
row = cursor.fetchall()
- extra
- 原生SQL语句
- raw
result = models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select * from userinfo')
[obj(UserInfo),obj,]
result = models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select id,1 as name,2 as age,4 as ut_id from usertype')
[obj(UserInfo),obj,]
9. 简单的操作
博客地址：www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6216618.html
其他操作，除去 select_related \ prefetch_related
a. distinct补充：
数据源：
mysql/sqlite distinct里面不传参数
models.UserInfo.object.values('nid').distinct()
# select distinct nid from userinfo
PostgreSQL：
models.UserInfo.object.distinct('nid')
# select distinct nid from userinfo
b. reverse() 必须在使用 order_by 之后
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('-id','name')
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('-id','name').reverse()
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('id','-name')
# print(v)
c. only/defer
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
# [obj]
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.all().only('id','name') # 内部元素还是对象
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.all().defer('name') # 除了name所有值
# # [obj]
# for obj in v:
# obj.id,obj.name
d. using
# models.UserInfo.objects.all().using('db2')
# PUBLIC METHODS THAT ALTER ATTRIBUTES AND RETURN A NEW QUERYSET
# 以上方法可以一直.操作
values
value_list
dates
datetimes
none
aggregate
# 整张表聚合
# models.UserInfo.objects.none()
# result = models.UserInfo.objects.aggregate(k=Count('ut_id', distinct=True), n=Count('id'))
# print(result) #字典
count
get
# 找到一个正确，其他报错
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()
# # models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1)
creat
# obj = models.UserType.objects.create(title='xxx')
# obj = models.UserType.objects.create(**{'title': 'xxx'})
# print(obj.id) #lastrowid 获取自增id
save
# obj = models.UserType(title='xxx')
# obj.save()
bulk_create
# objs = [
# models.UserInfo(name='r11'),
# models.UserInfo(name='r11'),
# models.UserInfo(name='r11'),
# ]
# models.UserInfo.objects.bulk_create(objs, 10) # 不超多999
get_or_create
update_or_create
# obj, created = models.UserInfo.objects.get_or_create(
# username='root1',
# pwd='ff',
# defaults={'email': '1111111','u_id': 2, 't_id': 2})
in_bulk
# models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__in=[1,2,3])
# models.UserInfo.objects.in_bulk([1,2,3]) # 主键
raw
# name_map = {'first': 'first_name', 'last': 'last_name', 'bd': 'birth_date', 'pk': 'id'}
# models.UserInfo.objects.raw('SELECT * FROM app01_usertype', translations=name_map)
name_map = {'title': 'name'}
v1 = models.UserInfo.objects.raw('SELECT id,title FROM app01_usertype',translations=name_map)
for i in v1:
print(i,type(i))
10. 补充
# 造成多次查询
# q = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
# for row in q:
# print(row.name,row.ut.title)
# select_related: 查询主动做连表
# q = models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('ut','gp')
# select * from userinfo
# select * from userinfo inner join usertype on ...
# for row in q:
# print(row.name,row.ut.title)
# prefetch_related: 不做连表，做多次查询
# q = models.UserInfo.objects.all().prefetch_related('ut')
# 做两次查询
# select * from userinfo;
# Django内部：ut_id = [2,4]
# select * from usertype where id in [2,4]
# for row in q:
# print(row.id,row.ut.title)
- 多对多操作
- 自定义关系表
class Boy(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Girl(models.Model):
nick = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Love(models.Model):
b = models.ForeignKey('Boy')
g = models.ForeignKey('Girl')
# class Meta:
# unique_together =[
# ('b','g'),
# ]
# 联合唯一
# 数据初始化
# objs=[
# models.Boy(name='fangshaowei'),
# models.Boy(name='youqinbing'),
# models.Boy(name='chentao'),
# models.Boy(name='yanlong'),
# models.Boy(name='wuyanzu'),
# ]
# models.Boy.objects.bulk_create(objs,5)
# objss=[
# models.Girl(nick='xiaoyu'),
# models.Girl(nick='xiaozhou'),
# models.Girl(nick='xiaomao'),
# models.Girl(nick='xiaogou'),
# ]
# models.Girl.objects.bulk_create(objss,5)
# models.Love.objects.create(b_id=1,g_id=1)
# models.Love.objects.create(b_id=1,g_id=4)
# models.Love.objects.create(b_id=2,g_id=4)
# models.Love.objects.create(b_id=2,g_id=2)
# 和方少伟有关系的姑娘
# obj = models.Boy.objects.filter(name='方少伟').first()
# love_list = obj.love_set.all()
# for row in love_list:
# print(row.g.nick)
# love_list = models.Love.objects.filter(b__name='方少伟')
# for row in love_list:
# print(row.g.nick)
# 优化查询1：
# love_list = models.Love.objects.filter(b__name='方少伟').values('g__nick')
# for item in love_list:
# print(item['g__nick'])
# 优化查询2：
# love_list = models.Love.objects.filter(b__name='方少伟').select_related('g')
# for obj in love_list:
# print(obj.g.nick)
- ManyToManyField
class Boy(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
m = models.ManyToManyField('Girl')
# 生成 app01_boy_m 表
# id boy_id girl_id
class Girl(models.Model):
nick=models.CharField(max_length=32)
# m = models.ManyToManyField('Boy')
# obj = models.Boy.objects.filter(name='fangshaowei').first()
# print(obj.id,obj.name)
# 增加：
# obj.m.add(3) # 增加数据：1,1,3
# obj.m.add(2,4) # 1,2;1,4
# obj.m.add(*[1,])
# 删除
# obj.m.remove(1)
# obj.m.remove(2,3)
# obj.m.remove(*[4,])
# 重置
# obj.m.set([1,]) #重置
# 获取
# q=obj.m.all()
# [girl 对象]
# print(q)
# obj = models.Boy.objects.filter(name='fangshaowei').first()
# girl_list =obj.m.all()
# 获取后继续筛选
# obj = models.Boy.objects.filter(name='fangshaowei').first()
# # girl_list =obj.m.all()
# girl_list=obj.m.filter(nick='xiaoyu') # 继续筛选
# print(girl_list)
# 删除
# obj = models.Boy.objects.filter(name='fangshaowei').first()
# obj.m.clear()
# 从无ManyToMany字段的表查询：反向，其他操作方法一致。
# obj=models.Girl.objects.filter(nick='xiaoyu').first()
# print(obj.id,obj.nick)
# v = obj.boy_set.all()
# print(v)
- 两者结合
class Boy(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
m = models.ManyToManyField('Girl',through='Love',through_fields=('b','g',))
# 提供查询和清空 clear()
class Girl(models.Model):
nick=models.CharField(max_length=32)
# m = models.ManyToManyField('Boy')
class Love(models.Model):
b = models.ForeignKey('Boy')
g = models.ForeignKey('Girl')
class Meta:
unique_together =[
('b','g'),
]
obj = models.Boy.objects.filter(name='方少伟').first()
# obj.m.add(1) 错误
# obj.m.remove(1) 错误
# obj.m.clear() 可以
v = obj.m.all()
print(v)
- 操作总结：
- 增删改查
- filter(),update(),create() 可以使用字典：**
- all() values() values_list()
- FK
正向：
filter() values,values_list() -> 跨表 fk__xxx
objs = all()
for obj in objs:
obj.fk.
反向：
filter() values,values_list() -> 跨表 小写表名称__xxx
objs = all()
for obj in objs:
obj.表名称_set.all()
- M2M:
- M2M
- 自定义
- M2M+自定义
正向（有M2M）：
obj = ...
obj.m.add()
obj.m.remove()
obj.m.set()
obj.m.clear()
obj.m.all()...
反向：
obj ...
obj.表名_set.add
...
M2M+自定义
obj.m.clear()
obj.m.all()...
- 相亲网示例1（多对多表单独）：
# urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01.views import account
from app01.views import love
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^login.html$', account.login),
url(r'^logout.html$', account.logout),
url(r'^index.html$', love.index),
url(r'^others.html$', love.others),
]
# models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Boy(models.Model):
nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password =models.CharField(max_length=64)
class Girl(models.Model):
nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
class B2G(models.Model):
b = models.ForeignKey(to='Boy',to_field='id')
g = models.ForeignKey(to='Girl',to_field='id')
# views/account.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models
def login(request):
if request.method =="GET":
return render(request,'login.html')
else:
user=request.POST.get('username')
pwd=request.POST.get('password')
gender=request.POST.get('gender')
rmb=request.POST.get('rmb')
#性别判断：
if gender == '1':
obj=models.Boy.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
else:
obj=models.Girl.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
if not obj:
#未登陆成功
return render(request,'login.html',{'msg':'用户名或密码错误'})
else:
# request.session['user_id']=obj.id
# request.session['gender']=gender
# request.session['username']=user
request.session['user_info']={'user_id':obj.id,'gender':gender,'username':user,'nickname':obj.nickname}
return redirect('/index.html')
def logout(request):
if request.session.get('user_info'):
request.session.clear()
# request.session.delete(request.session.session_key)
return redirect('/login.html')
# views/love.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models
def index(request):
if not request.session.get('user_info'):
return redirect('/login.html')
else:
#男：女生列表
#女：男生
gender =request.session.get('user_info').get('gender')
if gender == '1':
user_list=models.Girl.objects.all()
else:
user_list=models.Boy.objects.all()
return render(request,'index.html',{'user_list':user_list})
def others(request):
#获取与当前用户有关系的异性
current_user_id=request.session.get('user_info').get('user_id')
gender = request.session.get('user_info').get('gender')
if gender =='1':
user_list=models.B2G.objects.filter(b_id=current_user_id).values('g__nickname')
else:
user_list=models.B2G.objects.filter(g_id=current_user_id).values('b__nickname')
return render(request,'others.html',{'user_list':user_list})
# login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="/login.html">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户：<input type="text" name="username"></p>
<p>密码：<input type="password" name="password"></p>
<p>
性别：
男 <input type="radio"name="gender" value="1">
女 <input type="radio"name="gender" value="2">
</p>
<p><input type="checkbox" name="rmb"value="11">一个月免登陆</p>
<input type="submit"value="提交">{{ msg }}
</form>
</body>
</html>
# index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
{% include 'user_header.html' %}
<h2>异性列表</h2>
<a href="/others.html">查看和我有关系的异性</a>
<ul>
{% for row in user_list %}
<li>{{ row.nickname }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
# others.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
{% include 'user_header.html' %}
<h1>有关系的异性列表</h1>
<ul>
{% for row in user_list %}
{% if row.g__nickname %}
<li>{{ row.g__nickname }}</li>
{% else %}
<li>{{ row.b__nickname }}</li>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
# templates/user_header.html
<h1>当前用户：{{ request.session.user_info.nickname }}</h1>
<a href="/logout.html">注销</a>
- 相亲网示例2（多对多两张表）：
# models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
gender_choices = (
(1,'男'),
(2,'女'),
)
gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices)
class U2U(models.Model):
g = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo',related_name='boys')
b = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo',related_name='girls')
# 反向查找时 obj对象：u2u_set.all()无法区分，必须添加related_name
# related_query_name
# obj对象男.b_set.all()
# obj对象女.a_set.all()
# related_name
# obj对象男.a.all()
# obj对象女.b.all()
# U2U.objects.create(g_id=a1,b_id=a2)
# 自行判断插入数据
# related_query_name，related_name示例
# class UserType(models.Model):
# title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
#
# class User(models.Model):
# username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
# ut = models.ForeignKey('UserType',related_query_name='xxxx') users
# 反向：
# related_name='xxxx'
# user_set ==> xxxx
# related_query_name='xxxx'
# user_set ==> xxxx_set obj.users
- 相亲网示例2（多对多自关联）：
# models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
gender_choices = (
(1,'男'),
(2,'女'),
)
gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices)
m = models.ManyToManyField('UserInfo')
# app01_userinfo_m
# id,from_userinfo_id,to_userinfo_id
# views.py
# 查男生
# xz = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first()
# u = xz.m.all()
# for row in u:
# print(row.nickname)
# 查女神
# xz = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=4).first()
# v = xz.userinfo_set.all()
# for row in v:
# print(row.nickname)
- 梳理；
M2M自关联特性：
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first()
# from_userinfo_id
obj.m => select xx from xx where from_userinfo_id = 1
# to_userinfo_id
obj.userinfo_set => select xx from xx where to_userinfo_id = 1
定义：
# 前面列：男生ID
# 后面列：女生ID
应用：
# 男生对象
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first()
# 根据男生ID=1查找关联的所有的女神
obj.m.all()
# 女生
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=4).first()
# 根据女生ID=4查找关联的所有的男生
obj.userinfo_set.all()
- 评论表示例（Fk自关联）：
# models.py FK自关联
class Comment(models.Model):
"""
评论表
"""
news_id = models.IntegerField() # 新闻ID
content = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 评论内容
user = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 评论者
reply = models.ForeignKey('Comment',null=True,blank=True,related_name='xxxx')
"""
新闻ID reply_id
1 1 别比比 root null
2 1 就比比 root null
3 1 瞎比比 shaowei null
4 2 写的正好 root null
5 1 拉倒吧 yqb 2
6 1 拉倒吧1 xxxxx 2
7 1 拉倒吧2 xxxxx 5
"""
