HttpClientUtil工具类，发送get请求和post请求
代码如下：
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
* 封装了一些采用HttpClient发送HTTP请求的方法
* @see 本工具所采用的是最新的HttpComponents-Client-4.2.1
*/
public class HttpClientUtil {
private HttpClientUtil(){}
private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HttpClientUtil.class);
/**
* 发送HTTP_GET请求
* @see 该方法会自动关闭连接,释放资源
* @param requestURL 请求地址(含参数)
* @param decodeCharset 解码字符集,解析响应数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
* @return 远程主机响应正文
*/
public static String sendGetRequest(String reqURL, String decodeCharset){
long responseLength = 0; //响应长度
String responseContent = null; //响应内容
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); //创建默认的httpClient实例
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(reqURL); //创建org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet
try{
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); //执行GET请求
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); //获取响应实体
if(null != entity){
responseLength = entity.getContentLength();
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, decodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : decodeCharset);
EntityUtils.consume(entity); //Consume response content
}
System.out.println("请求地址: " + httpGet.getURI());
System.out.println("响应状态: " + response.getStatusLine());
System.out.println("响应长度: " + responseLength);
System.out.println("响应内容: " + responseContent);
}catch(ClientProtocolException e){
logger.debug("该异常通常是协议错误导致,比如构造HttpGet对象时传入的协议不对(将'http'写成'htp')或者服务器端返回的内容不符合HTTP协议要求等,堆栈信息如下", e);
}catch(ParseException e){
logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
}catch(IOException e){
logger.debug("该异常通常是网络原因引起的,如HTTP服务器未启动等,堆栈信息如下", e);
}finally{
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown(); //关闭连接,释放资源
}
return responseContent;
}
/**
* 发送HTTP_POST请求
* @see 该方法为<code>sendPostRequest(String,String,boolean,String,String)</code>的简化方法
* @see 该方法在对请求数据的编码和响应数据的解码时,所采用的字符集均为UTF-8
* @see 当<code>isEncoder=true</code>时,其会自动对<code>sendData</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,"UTF-8")</code>
* @param isEncoder 用于指明请求数据是否需要UTF-8编码,true为需要
*/
public static String sendPostRequest(String reqURL, String sendData, boolean isEncoder){
return sendPostRequest(reqURL, sendData, isEncoder, null, null);
}
/**
* 发送HTTP_POST请求
* @see 该方法会自动关闭连接,释放资源
* @see 当<code>isEncoder=true</code>时,其会自动对<code>sendData</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
* @param reqURL 请求地址
* @param sendData 请求参数,若有多个参数则应拼接成param11=value11&22=value22&33=value33的形式后,传入该参数中
* @param isEncoder 请求数据是否需要encodeCharset编码,true为需要
* @param encodeCharset 编码字符集,编码请求数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
* @param decodeCharset 解码字符集,解析响应数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
* @return 远程主机响应正文
*/
public static String sendPostRequest(String reqURL, String sendData, boolean isEncoder, String encodeCharset, String decodeCharset){
String responseContent = null;
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(reqURL);
//httpPost.setHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
httpPost.setHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
try{
if(isEncoder){
List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for(String str : sendData.split("&")){
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(str.substring(0,str.indexOf("=")), str.substring(str.indexOf("=")+1)));
}
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(URLEncodedUtils.format(formParams, encodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : encodeCharset)));
}else{
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(sendData));
}
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (null != entity) {
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, decodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : decodeCharset);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
}
}catch(Exception e){
logger.debug("与[" + reqURL + "]通信过程中发生异常,堆栈信息如下", e);
}finally{
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
return responseContent;
}
/**
* 发送HTTP_POST请求
* @see 该方法会自动关闭连接,释放资源
* @see 该方法会自动对<code>params</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
* @param reqURL 请求地址
* @param params 请求参数
* @param encodeCharset 编码字符集,编码请求数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
* @param decodeCharset 解码字符集,解析响应数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
* @return 远程主机响应正文
*/
public static String sendPostRequest(String reqURL, Map<String, String> params, String encodeCharset, String decodeCharset){
String responseContent = null;
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(reqURL);
List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); //创建参数队列
for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry : params.entrySet()){
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
try{
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, encodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : encodeCharset));
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (null != entity) {
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, decodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : decodeCharset);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
}
}catch(Exception e){
logger.debug("与[" + reqURL + "]通信过程中发生异常,堆栈信息如下", e);
}finally{
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
return responseContent;
}
/**
* 发送HTTPS_POST请求
* @see 该方法为<code>sendPostSSLRequest(String,Map<String,String>,String,String)</code>方法的简化方法
* @see 该方法在对请求数据的编码和响应数据的解码时,所采用的字符集均为UTF-8
* @see 该方法会自动对<code>params</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,"UTF-8")</code>
*/
public static String sendPostSSLRequest(String reqURL, Map<String, String> params){
return sendPostSSLRequest(reqURL, params, null, null);
}
/**
* 发送HTTPS_POST请求
* @see 该方法会自动关闭连接,释放资源
* @see 该方法会自动对<code>params</code>中的[中文][|][ ]等特殊字符进行<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
* @param reqURL 请求地址
* @param params 请求参数
* @param encodeCharset 编码字符集,编码请求数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
* @param decodeCharset 解码字符集,解析响应数据时用之,其为null时默认采用UTF-8解码
* @return 远程主机响应正文
*/
public static String sendPostSSLRequest(String reqURL, Map<String, String> params, String encodeCharset, String decodeCharset){
String responseContent = "";
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
X509TrustManager xtm = new X509TrustManager(){
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {return null;}
};
try {
SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[]{xtm}, null);
SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx);
httpClient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(new Scheme("https", 443, socketFactory));
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(reqURL);
List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry : params.entrySet()){
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, encodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : encodeCharset));
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (null != entity) {
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, decodeCharset==null ? "UTF-8" : decodeCharset);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.debug("与[" + reqURL + "]通信过程中发生异常,堆栈信息为", e);
} finally {
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
return responseContent;
}
/**
* 发送HTTP_POST请求
* @see 若发送的<code>params</code>中含有中文,记得按照双方约定的字符集将中文<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
* @see 本方法默认的连接超时时间为30秒,默认的读取超时时间为30秒
* @param reqURL 请求地址
* @param params 发送到远程主机的正文数据,其数据类型为<code>java.util.Map<String, String></code>
* @return 远程主机响应正文`HTTP状态码,如<code>"SUCCESS`200"</code><br>若通信过程中发生异常则返回"Failed`HTTP状态码",如<code>"Failed`500"</code>
*/
public static String sendPostRequestByJava(String reqURL, Map<String, String> params){
StringBuilder sendData = new StringBuilder();
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()){
sendData.append(entry.getKey()).append("=").append(entry.getValue()).append("&");
}
if(sendData.length() > 0){
sendData.setLength(sendData.length() - 1); //删除最后一个&符号
}
return sendPostRequestByJava(reqURL, sendData.toString());
}
/**
* 发送HTTP_POST请求
* @see 若发送的<code>sendData</code>中含有中文,记得按照双方约定的字符集将中文<code>URLEncoder.encode(string,encodeCharset)</code>
* @see 本方法默认的连接超时时间为30秒,默认的读取超时时间为30秒
* @param reqURL 请求地址
* @param sendData 发送到远程主机的正文数据
* @return 远程主机响应正文`HTTP状态码,如<code>"SUCCESS`200"</code><br>若通信过程中发生异常则返回"Failed`HTTP状态码",如<code>"Failed`500"</code>
*/
public static String sendPostRequestByJava(String reqURL, String sendData){
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
OutputStream out = null; //写
InputStream in = null; //读
int httpStatusCode = 0; //远程主机响应的HTTP状态码
try{
URL sendUrl = new URL(reqURL);
httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)sendUrl.openConnection();
httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true); //指示应用程序要将数据写入URL连接,其值默认为false
httpURLConnection.setUseCaches(false);
httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(30000); //30秒连接超时
httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(30000); //30秒读取超时
out = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
out.write(sendData.toString().getBytes());
//清空缓冲区,发送数据
out.flush();
//获取HTTP状态码
httpStatusCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
in = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
byte[] byteDatas = new byte[in.available()];
in.read(byteDatas);
return new String(byteDatas) + "`" + httpStatusCode;
}catch(Exception e){
logger.debug(e.getMessage());
return "Failed`" + httpStatusCode;
}finally{
if(out != null){
try{
out.close();
}catch (Exception e){
logger.debug("关闭输出流时发生异常,堆栈信息如下", e);
}
}
if(in != null){
try{
in.close();
}catch(Exception e){
logger.debug("关闭输入流时发生异常,堆栈信息如下", e);
}
}
if(httpURLConnection != null){
httpURLConnection.disconnect();
httpURLConnection = null;
}
}
}
/**
* https posp请求，可以绕过证书校验
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static final String sendHttpsRequestByPost(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
String responseContent = null;
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
//创建TrustManager
X509TrustManager xtm = new X509TrustManager() {
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
//这个好像是HOST验证
X509HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = new X509HostnameVerifier() {
public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
return true;
}
public void verify(String arg0, SSLSocket arg1) throws IOException {}
public void verify(String arg0, String[] arg1, String[] arg2) throws SSLException {}
public void verify(String arg0, X509Certificate arg1) throws SSLException {}
};
try {
//TLS1.0与SSL3.0基本上没有太大的差别，可粗略理解为TLS是SSL的继承者，但它们使用的是相同的SSLContext
SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
//使用TrustManager来初始化该上下文，TrustManager只是被SSL的Socket所使用
ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { xtm }, null);
//创建SSLSocketFactory
SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx);
socketFactory.setHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier);
//通过SchemeRegistry将SSLSocketFactory注册到我们的HttpClient上
httpClient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(new Scheme("https", socketFactory, 443));
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); // 构建POST请求的表单参数
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, "UTF-8"));
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); // 获取响应实体
if (entity != null) {
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
return responseContent;
}
/**
* 发送HTTP_POST请求,json格式数据
* @param url
* @param body
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String sendPostByJson(String url, String body) throws Exception {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom().build();
HttpPost post = null;
String resData = null;
CloseableHttpResponse result = null;
try {
post = new HttpPost(url);
HttpEntity entity2 = new StringEntity(body, Consts.UTF_8);
post.setConfig(RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(30000).setSocketTimeout(30000).build());
post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
post.setEntity(entity2);
result = httpclient.execute(post);
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
resData = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity());
}
} finally {
if (result != null) {
result.close();
}
if (post != null) {
post.releaseConnection();
}
httpclient.close();
}
return resData;
}
}
