反反爬策略（python举例）

以下是一些Python常用的反反爬策略：

1. User-Agent伪装：

import requests  
  
headers = {  
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}  
url = 'https://www.example.com'  
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)  

　　　2. IP代理：

import requests  
  
proxies = {  
    'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8888',  
    'https': 'https://127.0.0.1:8888'  
}  
url = 'https://www.example.com'  
response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)  

　  　3. 随机延时：

import requests  
import time  
import random  
  
url = 'https://www.example.com'  
headers = {  
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}  
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)  
time.sleep(random.randint(1, 3)) # 随机延时1-3秒 

　　4. 验证码识别：

import requests  
from PIL import Image  
import pytesseract  
  
url = 'https://www.example.com/captcha.jpg'  
response = requests.get(url)  
with open('captcha.jpg', 'wb') as f:  
    f.write(response.content)  
img = Image.open('captcha.jpg')  
code = pytesseract.image_to_string(img) 

　　5. Cookie管理：

import requests  
  
url = 'https://www.example.com/login'  
data = {'username': 'user', 'password': 'pass'}  
response = requests.post(url, data=data)  
  
url = 'https://www.example.com/data'  
cookies = response.cookies.get_dict()  
response = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)

　　6. 模拟登录：

import requests  
  
url = 'https://www.example.com/login'  
data = {'username': 'user', 'password': 'pass'}  
response = requests.post(url, data=data)  
  
url = 'https://www.example.com/data'  
headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {response.json()["access_token"]}'}  
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)  

　　7. 动态页面处理：

from selenium import webdriver  
  
url = 'https://www.example.com'  
driver = webdriver.Chrome()  
driver.get(url)  
  
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="table"]/tbody/tr[1]/td[1]')  
text = element.text  

　　8. 随机请求头：

import requests  
import random  
  
user_agents = [  
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3',  
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.3',  
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.3',  
]  
  
headers = {  
    'User-Agent': random.choice(user_agents)  
}  
  
url = 'https://www.example.com'  
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)