实验四

task.1

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 4

int main(){
    int a[N]={2, 0, 2, 3};
    char b[N]={'2', '0', '2', '3'};
    int i;
    
    printf("sizeof(int) = %d\n",sizeof(int));
    printf("sizeof(char) = %d\n",sizeof(char));
    printf("\n");
    
    //输出int型数组a中每个元素的地址、值
    for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
    printf("%p: %d\n", &a[i], a[i]);
    
    printf("\n");
    
    
   // 输出char型数组b中每个元素的地址、值
   for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
    printf("%p: %c\n", &b[i], b[i]);
    
    printf("\n");
    
    //输出数组名a和b对应的值
    printf("a = %p\n", a);
    printf("b = %p\n", b);
    
    return 0; 
}

1.是连续存放的每个元素占四个字节
2.是连续存放的每个元素占一个字节
3.都是一样的

task.1.2

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 2
#define M 3

int main(){
    int a[N][M] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
    char b[N][M] = {{'1', '2', '3'},{'4', '5', '6'}};
    int i, j;
    
    //输出int型二维数组a中每个元素的地址、值
    for( i = 0; i < N; ++i)
       for(j = 0; j < M; ++j)
       printf("%p: %d\n", &a[i][j], a[i][j]);
       
    printf("\n");
    
    //输出int型二维数组名a， 以及，a[0], a[1]的值
    printf("a = %p\n", a); 
    printf("a[0] = %p\n", a[0]);
    printf("a[1] = %p\n", a[1]);
    printf("\n");
    
    
    //输出char型二维数组b中每个元素的地址、值
    for( i = 0; i < N; ++i)
       for(j = 0; j < M; ++j)
       printf("%p: %c\n", &b[i][j], b[i][j]);
       
    printf("\n");
    
    
    //输出char型二维数组名b， 以及，b[0], b[1]的值
    printf("b = %p\n", b); 
    printf("b[0] = %p\n", b[0]);
    printf("b[1] = %p\n", b[1]);
    printf("\n");
    
    return 0;
}

1.是按行连续存放的，占用四个字节
2.是一样的
3.是按行连续存放的，占用一个字节
4.是一样的

5.他们分别是a、b[0][0]和a、b[1][0]的值

task.2

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

#define N 80

void swap_str(char s1[N], char s2[N]);
void test1();
void test2();

int main(){
    printf("测试1：用两个一维数组，实现两个字符的交换\n");
    test1();
    
    printf("测试2：用二维数组，实现两个字符的交换\n");
    test2();
    
    return 0; 
}

void test1(){
    char views1[N] = "hey, C, I hate u.";
    char views2[N] = "hey, C, I love u.";
    
    printf("交换前：\n");
    puts(views1);
    puts(views2);
    
    swap_str(views1, views2);
    
    printf("交换后：\n");
    puts(views1);
    puts(views2);
    
}

void test2(){
    char views[2][N] = {"hey, C, I hate u.","hey, C, I love u."};
    
    printf("交换前：\n");
    puts(views[0]);
    puts(views[1]);
    
    swap_str(views[0], views[1]);
    
    printf("交换后：\n");
    puts(views[0]);
    puts(views[1]);
}

void swap_str(char s1[N], char s2[N]){
    char tmp[N];
    
    strcpy(tmp, s1);
    strcpy(s1, s2);
    strcpy(s2, tmp);
}

因为二维数组的行在交换前已经被固定，相当于一个一维数组在做交换，输出也是同理

task.3.1

#include<stdio.h>

#define N 80

int count(char x[]);

int main(){
    char words[N+1];
    int n;
    
    while(gets(words)!=NULL){
        n = count(words);
        printf("单词数：%d\n\n", n);
    }
    
    return 0;
}
 
int count(char x[]){
    int i;
    int word_flag = 0;//作单词的标志，一个新单词开始， 值为一；单词结束，值为0 
    int number = 0;//统计单词个数 
    
    for(i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++){
        if(x[i] == ' ')
        word_flag = 0;
        else if(word_flag == 0){
            word_flag = 1;
            number++;
        }
    } 
    
    return number;
}

task.3.2

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 1000

int main(){
    char line[N];
    int word_len;//记录当前单词长度 
    int max_len;//记录最长单词长度 
    int end;//记录最长单词结束位置 
    int i;
    
    while(gets(line) != NULL){
        word_len = 0;
        max_len = 0;
        end = 0;
        
        i=0;
        while(1){
            //跳过连续空格
            while(line[i] == ' '){
                word_len = 0;//单词长度置0，为新单词统计做准备
                i++; 
            } 
            
        //在一个单词中，统计当前单词长度
        while(line[i] != '\0' && line[i] != ' '){
            word_len++;
            i++;
        }
        
        // 更新更长单词长度，并，记录最长单词结束位置
        if(max_len < word_len){
            max_len = word_len;
            end = i;// end保存的是单词结束的下一个坐标位置
        }
        
        //遍历到文本结束时，终止循环
        if(line[i] == '\0')
        break; 
        }
        
        //输出最长单词
        printf("最长单词：");
        for(i = end - max_len; i < end; ++i)
        printf("%c", line[i]);
        printf("\n\n"); 
    } 
    
    return 0;
}

task.4

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 5

void input(int x[], int n);
void output(int x[], int n);
double average(int x[], int n);
void bubble_sort(int x[], int n);

int main(){
    int scores[N];
    double ave;
    
    printf("录入%d个分数：\n", N);
    input(scores, N);
    
    printf("\n输出课程的分数：\n");
    output(scores, N);
    
    printf("\n课程分数处理：计算均分、排序...\n");
    ave=average(scores, N);
    bubble_sort(scores, N);
    
    printf("\n输出课程均分：%.2f\n",ave);
    printf("\n输出课程分数（高-->低）：\n");
    output(scores, N);
    
    return 0;
}


//保存
 void input(int x[], int n){
     int i;
     
     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
     scanf("%d", &x[i]);
 }
 
 //输出
  void output(int x[], int n){
      int i;
      
      for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
      printf("%d ", x[i]);
      printf("\n");
  }
  
 //平均
 double average(int x[], int n){
     int i;
     int sum=0;
     double ave;
     for(i = 0;i < n; i++){
         sum=sum+x[i];
     }
     ave=sum/n;
     
     return ave;
 } 
 
 //排序 
 void bubble_sort(int x[], int n){
     int i,t,j;
     for(i = 0; i < n ; i++){
         for(j = i; j < n; j++) 
         if(x[i] < x[j+1]){
             t = x[i];
             x[i] = x[j+1];
             x[j+1] = t;
         }
     }
 }

task.5

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 100
void dec2n(int x, int n);

int main(){
    int x;
    
    printf("输入一个十进制整数：");
    while(scanf("%d", &x) !=EOF){
        dec2n(x, 2);
        dec2n(x, 8);
        dec2n(x, 16);
        
        printf("\n输入一个十进制整数：");
    } 
    
    return 0; 
} 

void dec2n(int x, int n){
        int i,j,t,q;
        char r; 
        char a[N];
        char b[N]; 
        char c[N] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
        i=0;
    while(x!=0){
    t = x%n;
    a[i]=c[t]; 
    i++; 
    x=x/n;
    }
    for(j = 0;j < i ; j++){
        b[j]=a[i-j-1];
    }
    for(i = 0; i < j; i++){
        printf("%c",b[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");    
    }

task.6

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 100
#define M 4

void output(int x[][N], int n);
void rotate_to_right(int x[][N], int n);


int main(){
    int t[][N] = {{21, 12, 13, 24},
                  {25, 16, 47, 38},
                  {29, 11, 32, 54},
                  {42, 21, 33, 10}};
    printf("原始矩阵:\n");
    output(t, M);//函数调用
    
    rotate_to_right(t, M);//函数调用
    
    
    printf("变换后矩阵:\n");
    output(t, M);
    
    
    return 0;          
}


//功能：输出一个n*n的矩阵x
void output(int x[][N], int n){
    int i, j;
    
    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){
        for(j = 0; j < n; ++j)
            printf("%4d", x[i][j]);
            
            printf("\n");
    } 
}


void rotate_to_right(int x[][N], int n){
    int a[N];
    int i;
    int j=0;
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        a[i]=x[j][n-1];
        j++;
    }
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        for(j = n-1;j >= 0 ; j--){
            x[i][j+1]=x[i][j];
        }
    }
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
        x[i][0]=a[i];
    }
    
}

task.7.1

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 80

void replace(char x[], char old_char, char new_char);

int main(){
    char text[N] = "c programming is difficult or not, it is a question. ";
    
    printf("原始文本：\n");
    printf("%s\n", text);
    
    replace(text, 'u', '@');
    
    printf("处理后文本：\n");
    printf("%s\n", text);
    
    return 0;
} 

void replace(char x[], char old_char, char new_char){
    int i;
    
    for(i = 0; x[i] != '0'; ++i)
    if(x[i]== old_char)
    x[i] = new_char;
}

replace（）的功能是将text中的输入的字母变成另一个输入的字符

task.7.2

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 80

int main(){
    char str[N], ch;
    int i;
    
    printf("输入字符串: ");
    gets(str);
    
    printf("输入一个字符: ");
    ch = getchar();
    
    printf("截断处理......");
    
    i = 0;
    while(str[i] !='\0'){
        if(str[i] == ch){
            for(;i < N-1;i++){
            str[i]='\0';}
            break;
        }
        i++;
    }
    
    printf("\n截断处理后字符串：%s\n", str);
    
    return 0;
}

task.8

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

#define N 5
#define M 20


void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n);

int main(){
    char name[][M] = {"Bob", "Bill", "Joseph", "Taylor", "George"};
    int i;
    
    printf("输出初始名单:\n");
    for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
    printf("%s\n", name[i]);
    
    printf("\n排序中...\n");
    bubble_sort(name, N);
    
    printf("\n按字典序输出名单:\n");
    for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
    printf("%s\n", name[i]);
    
    return 0;
}

void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n){
    int j,i;
    char a[M];
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    for (j = 0; j < n-1; j++){
    if( strcmp(str[j], str[j+1])>0) {
        strcpy(a, str[j]);
        strcpy(str[j], str[j+1]);
        strcpy(str[j+1], a);
    }
    }
}

posted @ 2023-04-15 18:05 辰念星阅读(16) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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实验四

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