Quartz集成springMVC 的方案二（持久化任务、集群和分布式）
阿里的面试官问，如果现在很多调度任务，如何优化，可以使用调度池参考：ScheduledExecutor,
参考：Java 几种调度任务的Timer、ScheduledExecutor、 开源工具包 Quartz、开源工具包 JCronTab
言归正传：
Quartz是一个开放源码项目，专注于任务调度器，提供了极为广泛的特性如持久化任务，集群和分布式任务等。 Quartz核心是调度器，还采用多线程管理。
1.持久化任务：当应用程序停止运行时，所有调度信息不被丢失，当你重新启动时，调度信息还存在，这就是持久化任务。
2.集群和分布式处理：当在集群环境下，当有配置Quartz的多个客户端时（节点），采用Quartz的集群和分布式处理时，我们要了解几点好处
1) 一个节点无法完成的任务，会被集群中拥有相同的任务的节点取代执行。
2） Quartz调度是通过触发器的类别来识别不同的任务，在不同的节点定义相同的触发器的类别，这样在集群下能稳定的运行，一个节点无法完成的任务，会被集群中拥有相同的任务的节点取代执行。
3）分布式 体现在 当相同的任务定时在一个时间点，在那个时间点，不会被两个节点同时执行。
Quartz的 Task（11 张表）实例化采用数据库存储，基于数据库引擎及 High-Available 的策略（集群的一种策略）自动协调每个节点的 Quartz。
delete from qrtz_fired_triggers; delete from qrtz_simple_triggers; delete from qrtz_simprop_triggers; delete from qrtz_cron_triggers; delete from qrtz_blob_triggers; delete from qrtz_triggers; delete from qrtz_job_details; delete from qrtz_calendars; delete from qrtz_paused_trigger_grps; delete from qrtz_locks; delete from qrtz_scheduler_state; CREATE TABLE qrtz_job_details ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(250) NULL, JOB_CLASS_NAME VARCHAR2(250) NOT NULL, IS_DURABLE VARCHAR2(1) NOT NULL, IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR2(1) NOT NULL, IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR2(1) NOT NULL, REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR2(1) NOT NULL, JOB_DATA BLOB NULL, CONSTRAINT QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE qrtz_triggers ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(250) NULL, NEXT_FIRE_TIME NUMBER(13) NULL, PREV_FIRE_TIME NUMBER(13) NULL, PRIORITY NUMBER(13) NULL, TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR2(16) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR2(8) NOT NULL, START_TIME NUMBER(13) NOT NULL, END_TIME NUMBER(13) NULL, CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NULL, MISFIRE_INSTR NUMBER(2) NULL, JOB_DATA BLOB NULL, CONSTRAINT QRTZ_TRIGGERS_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), CONSTRAINT QRTZ_TRIGGER_TO_JOBS_FK FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE qrtz_simple_triggers ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, REPEAT_COUNT NUMBER(7) NOT NULL, REPEAT_INTERVAL NUMBER(12) NOT NULL, TIMES_TRIGGERED NUMBER(10) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIG_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), CONSTRAINT QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIG_TO_TRIG_FK FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE qrtz_cron_triggers ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR2(80), CONSTRAINT QRTZ_CRON_TRIG_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), CONSTRAINT QRTZ_CRON_TRIG_TO_TRIG_FK FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE qrtz_simprop_triggers ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR2(512) NULL, STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR2(512) NULL, STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR2(512) NULL, INT_PROP_1 NUMBER(10) NULL, INT_PROP_2 NUMBER(10) NULL, LONG_PROP_1 NUMBER(13) NULL, LONG_PROP_2 NUMBER(13) NULL, DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL, DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL, BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR2(1) NULL, BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR2(1) NULL, CONSTRAINT QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIG_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), CONSTRAINT QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIG_TO_TRIG_FK FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE qrtz_blob_triggers ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL, CONSTRAINT QRTZ_BLOB_TRIG_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), CONSTRAINT QRTZ_BLOB_TRIG_TO_TRIG_FK FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE qrtz_calendars ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT QRTZ_CALENDARS_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME) ); CREATE TABLE qrtz_paused_trigger_grps ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIG_GRPS_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE qrtz_fired_triggers ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, ENTRY_ID VARCHAR2(95) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, FIRED_TIME NUMBER(13) NOT NULL, SCHED_TIME NUMBER(13) NOT NULL, PRIORITY NUMBER(13) NOT NULL, STATE VARCHAR2(16) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR2(200) NULL, IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR2(1) NULL, REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR2(1) NULL, CONSTRAINT QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGER_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID) ); CREATE TABLE qrtz_scheduler_state ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL, LAST_CHECKIN_TIME NUMBER(13) NOT NULL, CHECKIN_INTERVAL NUMBER(13) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME) ); CREATE TABLE qrtz_locks ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR2(120) NOT NULL, LOCK_NAME VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT QRTZ_LOCKS_PK PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME) ); create index idx_qrtz_j_req_recovery on qrtz_job_details(SCHED_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY); create index idx_qrtz_j_grp on qrtz_job_details(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_j on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_jg on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_c on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME); create index idx_qrtz_t_g on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_n_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_n_g_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_next_fire_time on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,NEXT_FIRE_TIME); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE,NEXT_FIRE_TIME); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_misfire on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st_misfire on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st_misfire_grp on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_ft_trig_inst_name on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME); create index idx_qrtz_ft_inst_job_req_rcvry on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY); create index idx_qrtz_ft_j_g on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_ft_jg on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_ft_t_g on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_ft_tg on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);
我在新建一个张表，为了方便页面能对每个任务进行管理，能对具体某个任务设置开始时间、结束时间、执行的方法、删除等， 如下面图所示：
在这边可以管理开始时间和结束时间和cronExpression值，方便管理对应表的设计：
表都设计好了，整理Quartz集成springMVC的具体的实现。
对spring的@component 的说明：@component （把普通pojo实例化到spring容器中，相当于配置文件中的<bean id="" class=""/>）
1.举例两个任务具体实现功能，列如quartzJobA和quartzJobB任务要做什么，新建了两个类和方法。
#Main Scheduler Settings org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName=quartzScheduler org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId=AUTO org.quartz.scheduler.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializer=true org.quartz.scheduler.skipUpdateCheck=true org.quartz.scheduler.batchTriggerAcquisitionMaxCount=100 org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount=10 #Configure JDBC-JobStoreTX org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass=org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.oracle.OracleDelegate org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource=myDS org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix=QRTZ_ org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered=true org.quartz.jobStore.acquireTriggersWithinLock=true org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval = 30000 #Configure DataSources org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.driver=com.alibaba.druid.proxy.DruidDriver org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.URL=jdbc:wrap-jdbc:filters=default:name=dragoon:jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:test org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.user= org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.password= org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.maxConnections=5 org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.validationQuery=select 1 from dual
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName 属性可为任何值，用在 JDBC JobStore 中来唯一标识实例，但是所有集群节点中必须相同
org.quartz.jobStore.class属性为 JobStoreTX，将任务持久化到数据中。因为集群中节点依赖于数据库来传播 Scheduler 实例的状态，你只能在使用 JDBC JobStore 时应用 Quartz 集群。这意味着你必须使用 JobStoreTX 或是 JobStoreCMT 作为 Job 存储；你不能在集群中使用 RAMJobStore
3.实现任务的创建和管理
@Component("schedulerHelper")
public class SchedulerHelper
{
private static final String CONFIG_FILE="quartz-job.properties";
private static final String IDENTITY_JOB_PREFIX="job_";
private static final String IDENTITY_TRIGGER_PREFIX="trigger_";
@Autowired
private JobService jobService;//jobService 这个服务是实现管理任务的页面的服务实现
private Scheduler scheduler;
@Autowired
private StartJobSchedulerListener startJobSchedulerListener;//实现自己的Scheduler监听器，程序启动时，任务没创建时就创建
/**
* tomcat一启动时，类实例化时就执行
*/
public void init()
{
try{
// 创建一个定时器工厂
StdSchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
//初始化quartz-job.properties配置文件
sf.initialize(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource(CONFIG_FILE).getFile());
scheduler = sf.getScheduler();
//把jobService放到scheduler上下文，job执行是可以获取并访问。
scheduler.getContext().put(SCHEDULER_KEY_JOBSERVICE,jobService);
startJobSchedulerListener.setSchedulerHelper(this);
//设置自己的监听器
scheduler.getListenerManager().addSchedulerListener(startJobSchedulerListener);
// 启动定时器
scheduler.start();
logger.info("====================job scheduler start");
}catch(SchedulerException e){
logger.error("error",e);
}
}
/**
* 根据jobentity创建并开始任务
*/
public boolean createAndStartJob(JobEntity job)
{
JobDetail jobDetail=generateJobDetail(job);
Trigger trigger=generateTriggerBuilder(job).build();
try {
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);
return true;
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
logger.error("scheduler.scheduleJob",e);
return false;
}
}
/**
* 清除
*/
public void clearAllScheduler()
{
try {
scheduler.clear();
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
logger.error("clearAllScheduler",e);
}
}
/**
* 根据jobId和类型删除
*/
public boolean removeJob(Long jobId,String jobType)
{
try {
scheduler.deleteJob(getJobKey(jobId,jobType));
return true;
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
logger.error("removeJob",e);
return false;
}
}
/**
* 暂停任务
*/
public boolean pauseJob(Long jobId,String jobType)
{
try {
scheduler.pauseJob(getJobKey(jobId,jobType));
return true;
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
logger.error("resumeJob",e);
return false;
}
}
/**
* 马上只执行一次任务
*/
public boolean executeOneceJob(Long jobId,String jobType)
{
try {
Calendar end=Calendar.getInstance();
TriggerBuilder<SimpleTrigger> simpleTriggerBuilder=TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity(getTriggerKey(jobId,jobType))
.forJob(getJobKey(jobId,jobType))
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(2));
end.add(Calendar.SECOND, 2);
simpleTriggerBuilder.startAt(end.getTime());
end.add(Calendar.SECOND, 5);
simpleTriggerBuilder.endAt(end.getTime());
JobEntity job=jobService.getJobById(jobId);
JobDataMap jobDataMap=new JobDataMap();
jobDataMap.put("jobEntity", job);
simpleTriggerBuilder.usingJobData(jobDataMap);
Trigger trigger=simpleTriggerBuilder.build();
scheduler.scheduleJob(trigger);
return true;
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
logger.error("executeOneceJob",e);
return false;
}
}
/**
* 启动一些scheduler里没有的active的jobDetail
*/
public void createActiveJobFromDB() throws SchedulerException
{
List<JobEntity> jobs=jobService.getActiveJob();
for(JobEntity job:jobs)
{
if(scheduler.getJobDetail(getJobKey(job))==null)
createAndStartJob(job);
}
}
/**
* 获得任务的jobKey
*/
public static JobKey getJobKey(Long jobId,String jobType)
{
return new JobKey(IDENTITY_JOB_PREFIX+jobId,IDENTITY_JOB_PREFIX+jobType);
}
/**
* 获得任务的jobKey
*/
public static JobKey getJobKey(JobEntity job)
{
return new JobKey(IDENTITY_JOB_PREFIX+job.getJobId(),IDENTITY_JOB_PREFIX+job.getJobType());
}
/**
* 获得trigger的triggerkey
*/
public static TriggerKey getTriggerKey(JobEntity job)
{
return new TriggerKey(IDENTITY_TRIGGER_PREFIX+job.getJobId()+"_"+System.currentTimeMillis(), IDENTITY_TRIGGER_PREFIX+job.getJobType());
}
/**
* 获得trigger的triggerkey
*/
public static TriggerKey getTriggerKey(Long jobId,String jobType)
{
return new TriggerKey(IDENTITY_TRIGGER_PREFIX+jobId+"_"+System.currentTimeMillis(), IDENTITY_TRIGGER_PREFIX+jobType);
}
public static JobDetail generateJobDetail(JobEntity job)
{
JobDataMap jobDataMap=new JobDataMap();
jobDataMap.put("jobEntity", job);
Class<? extends Job> clazz=null;
clazz=BeanJob.class;
return JobBuilder.newJob(clazz)
.withIdentity(getJobKey(job))
.usingJobData(jobDataMap)
.requestRecovery(true).storeDurably(true)
.build();
}
/**
* 根据jobEntity获得trigger
*/
public static TriggerBuilder<CronTrigger> generateTriggerBuilder(JobEntity job)
{
TriggerBuilder<CronTrigger> triggerBuilder= TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity(getTriggerKey(job))
.withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(job.getCronExpr())
.withMisfireHandlingInstructionDoNothing());
if(job.getSyncBeginTime()!=null)
triggerBuilder.startAt(job.getSyncBeginTime());
else
triggerBuilder.startNow();
if(job.getSyncEndTime()!=null)
triggerBuilder.endAt(job.getSyncEndTime());
return triggerBuilder;
}
public static JobService getJobService(JobExecutionContext context)
{
try {
return (JobService) context.getScheduler().getContext().get(SchedulerHelper.SCHEDULER_KEY_JOBSERVICE);
} catch (SchedulerException e) {
logger.error("SchedulerHelper.getJobService",e);
return null;
}
}
4.实现自己的Scheduler监听器，程序启动时，创建scheduler里没有的active的jobDetail
@Component(value="startJobSchedulerListener") public class StartJobSchedulerListener extends SchedulerListenerSupport { private SchedulerHelper schedulerHelper; @Override public void schedulerStarted() { try { schedulerHelper.createActiveJobFromDB(); } catch (SchedulerException e) { logger.error("createActiveJobFromDB",e); } } public SchedulerHelper getSchedulerHelper() { return schedulerHelper; } public void setSchedulerHelper(SchedulerHelper schedulerHelper) { this.schedulerHelper = schedulerHelper; } }
5.实现的是一个job实例对应一个线程并实现页面配置对应的哪个类和方法
public abstract class AbstractEdiJob implements Job { protected JobEntity jobEntity; protected static final Logger logger=LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractEdiJob.class); private Long beginTime; @Override public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException { JobService jobService=SchedulerHelper.getJobService(context); preExcute(jobService,context); exeucuteInternal(context); postExcute(jobService,context); } abstract public void exeucuteInternal(JobExecutionContext context); public void preExcute(JobService jobService,JobExecutionContext context) { beginTime=System.currentTimeMillis(); } public void postExcute(JobService jobService,JobExecutionContext context) { //获得最新的jobEntiry jobEntity=jobService.getJobById(jobEntity.getJobId()); if(jobEntity==null) { logger.warn(jobEntity.getJobId()+"job不能存在"); return; } if(context.getFireTime()!=null) jobEntity.setRuntimeLast(context.getFireTime()); if(context.getNextFireTime()!=null) jobEntity.setRuntimeNext(context.getNextFireTime()); /* else jobEntity.setJobStatus();*/ Long times=jobEntity.getRunTimes(); jobEntity.setRunTimes((times==null?0l:times)+1); Long duration=jobEntity.getRunDuration(); jobEntity.setRunDuration((duration==null?0l:duration)+(System.currentTimeMillis()-beginTime)); jobService.updateJob(jobEntity); //jobEntity这里的改变不能改变JobDetail里的JobEntity，因为生产的job是JobDetail的JobEntity的复制 } public void setJobEntity(JobEntity jobEntity) { this.jobEntity = jobEntity; } }
/** *执行具体类中的方法 **/ public class BeanJob extends AbstractEdiJob { private static Logger logger=LoggerFactory.getLogger(BeanJob.class); @Override public void exeucuteInternal(JobExecutionContext context) { Object obj=SpringContextUtil.getBean(jobEntity.getJobObject()); try { Method method=obj.getClass().getMethod(jobEntity.getJobMethod()); method.invoke(obj); } catch (SecurityException e) { logger.error("error",e); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { logger.error("error",e); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { logger.error("error",e); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { logger.error("error",e); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { logger.error("error",e); } } }
6.新增一个任务时，数据库就保存对应的触发器，变成持久化任务，如图所示：
1.用StdSchedulerFactory来获取Scheduler的实例，scheduler有启动(start)、中止(stop)和暂停(pause)方法。
2.JobDataMap实例，JobDataMap jobDataMap=new JobDataMap();jobDataMap.put("jobEntity", job);在同一任务的多次执行之间传递数据
3.创建JobDetail实例。JobBuilder.newJob(clazz).withIdentity(getJobKey(job)).usingJobData(jobDataMap).requestRecovery(true).storeDurably(true).build();返回JobDetail实例，newJob(clazz)是要执行特定任务的类；withIdentity(getJobKey(job))是job的任务名和组名；usingJobDatausingJobData(jobDataMap)传输数据；
4.创建Trigger实例。TriggerBuilder<CronTrigger> triggerBuilder= TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity(getTriggerKey(job))
.withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(job.getCronExpr())
.withMisfireHandlingInstructionDoNothing());
withIdentity有标示了触发器的名称和组（Quartz调度是通过触发器的类别来识别不同的任务），和withSchedule标示执行的时间表达式
5.最后通过scheduler.scheduleJob()方法调度任务。
本文来自博客园，作者：aspirant，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/aspirant/p/6814211.html
