GUI编程之AWT-组件和容器

Frame

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个图像界面窗口");
        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);
        //设置颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(72, 128, 63));
        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);
        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

效果：

但是弹窗关不掉，终止程序即可

如何展示多个窗口？

封装

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1 =new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame2 =new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame3 =new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.pink);
        MyFrame myFrame4 =new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.green);


    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id=0;//可能存在多个窗口，需要一个计数器
    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("Myframe"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

效果图：

面板Panel

可以看成空间，但是不能单独存在

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //设置布局，不设置默认置顶
        frame.setLayout(null);
        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));
        //panel设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(72, 55, 128));
        frame.add(panel);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听实践，监听窗口关闭事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
               //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
}

效果图，并解决了关闭事件

三种布局管理器

流式布局

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        //设置为流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

相对布局

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("west");
        Button south = new Button("south");
        Button north = new Button("north");
        Button center = new Button("center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);


    }
}

网格布局

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);
        frame.pack();//Java函数
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

练习题

import java.awt.*;

public class ex {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame =new Frame();
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.black);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        //四个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
        //上面
        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        //下面
        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);


    }
}

效果

 

事件监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestAction1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮，触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

多个按钮共享一个事件

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestAction2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");
        //可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值
        //这样可以实现多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg"+e.getActionCommand());
        if(e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){

        }
    }
}

输入框

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField=new TextField();
        add(textField);
        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下enter就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得资源，返回一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框中的文本
        field.setText("");//回车清空
    }
}

简易计算器

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       new Calculator();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
      //3个文本框
        TextField num1 =new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 =new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 =new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();//设置自适应性
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
   //获取三个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      //1、获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //2、将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3、清空前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

完全改造为面向对象方法

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       new Calculator();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
         num1 =new TextField(10);//字符数
         num2 =new TextField(10);
         num3 =new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();//设置自适应性
        setVisible(true);
    }

}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获得计算器这个对象,在一个类中组合另外一个类
    Calculator calculator = null;
    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      //1、获得加数和被加数
         int n1=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
         int n2=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        //2、将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
         calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3、清空前两个框
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");

    }
}

画笔

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
   public void loadFrame(){
       setBounds(200,200,600,400);
       setVisible(true);
   }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //super.paint(g);
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆
        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);//实心矩形

        //养成习惯，画笔用完还原到最初的颜色
    }
}

鼠标监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame(String title)  {
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        //存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());

    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.blue);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
     points.add(point);
    }

    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标 按下 弹起 按住不放

        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //点击的时候就会在界面上产生一个点
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            frame.addPaint( new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();
        }
    }

}

窗口监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
        //匿名内部类
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("你点击的X");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("激活");
            }
        });
    }
    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口，通过按钮，隐藏当前窗口
            System.exit(0);//正常退出
        }
    }
}

键盘监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘按下的键是哪一个
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }

            }
        });
    }
}