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MySQL（5.0~5.7）Linux环境

 

 安装服务

 

1.MySQL-5.0.40

1.1.Source Installation Overview(lines 74 of install-source)

系统默认可能会安装三个mysql的包：

mysql-libs

mysql

mysql-devel

从下往上依赖关系。

 

  • 源码包安装mysql 
    #检查环境
rpm -aq | grep mysql
rpm -ql mysql
rpm -qf /etc/my.conf
rpm -qc mysql-libs
rpm -qR mysql-libs
rpm -qd mysql
rpm -qi mysql
netstat -nlt
find / -name mysql
find / -name my.conf
cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
cat /etc/group |
rpm -qa | grep gcc
rpm -qa | grep make
ls /home

添加用户
groupadd -r mysql
useradd -g mysql -M -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

开始安装
vi INSTALL-SOURCE
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
echo $?
make
echo $?
make install
echo $?

配置文件
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.conf

目录权限
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .

初始化数据库
bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

开机启动
cp /support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

安全启动服务/把数据库的数据文件定义到其他磁盘设备上
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/dell/mysql_data
    View Code

     

 

1.2.Typical ‘configure’ Options(lines 265 of  install-source)

  • 配置 
    ./configure --help
./configure -h

#仅仅编译客户端程序
./configure --without-server

#默认安装的目录/usr/local(数据目录/usr/local/var)。可以改写为：
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ --localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data

#使用unix的套接字方式连接数据库：
./configure --with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

#有gcc，没有c++库，可以使用gcc来作为c++的编译器：
CC=gcc CXX=gcc ./configure
./configure --with-charset=gb2312
./configure --with-charset=utf8
./configure --with-charset=latin1(这个是默认值)
./configure --with-collation=latin1_swedish_ci(这个是排序方法的默认值)
./configure --with-extra-charsets=(空格分开)
./configure --with-extra-charsets=all

#重新编译一个源码树时：
rm config.cache
make clean
make dist
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 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

Mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz

安装方法跟上边的大同小异。

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

 

 

 

2.MySQL-5.5.22

2.1.Installing MySQL from Generic Binaries on Unix/Linux

系统默认可能会安装三个mysql的包：
　　　　mysql-libs
　　　　mysql
　　　　mysql-devel
　　　　从下往上依赖关系。
  • 二进制文件安装mysql 
    #检查环境
rpm -aq | grep mysql
rpm -ql mysql
rpm -qf /etc/my.conf
rpm -qc mysql-libs
rpm -qR mysql-libs
rpm -qd mysql
rpm -qi mysql
netstat -nlt
find / -name mysql
find / -name my.conf
cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
cat /etc/group |
rpm -qa | grep gcc
rpm -qa | grep make
ls /home

#添加用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

#开始安装
cd /usr/local
tar -zxvf ……
cd mysql
chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .

#初始化数据库
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data

#配置操作
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf  /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

#启动服务
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/dell/mysql_data
    View Code

     

  • my.cnf 
      1 [mysqld]
  2 basedir=/mysql/mysql
  3 datadir=/mysql/mysql/data
    View Code

     

 

2.2.Installing MySQL from Source

  • 源码包安装mysql 
    #检查环境
rpm -aq | grep mysql
rpm -ql mysql
rpm -qf /etc/my.conf
rpm -qc mysql-libs
rpm -qR mysql-libs
rpm -qd mysql
rpm -qi mysql
netstat -nlt
find / -name mysql
find / -name my.conf
cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
cat /etc/group |
rpm -qa | grep gcc
rpm -qa | grep make
ls /home

#添加用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

#配置、编译
ccmake .(先进行交互式配置)
cmake .
make
make install
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .

#初始化数据库
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf  /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

启动服务
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/dell/mysql_data
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2.3.To list the configuration options,use one of the following.

  • 配置选项 
    cmake . -L# overview
cmake . -LH# overview with help text
cmake . -LAH# all params with help text
ccmake .# interactive display
make clean
rm CMakeCache.txt
    View Code

     

 

2.4.rpm

  • To see all files in an RPM packet,run a command like this: 
    rpm -qpl MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm

# Start from a source RPM,run:
rpmbuild --rebuild --clean MySQL-VERSION.src.rpm
    View Code

     

 

2.5.安装Cmake-2.8.12.tar.gz

  • cmake 
    vi Readme.txt
./bootstrap
make
make install
    View Code

     

 

3.MySQL-5.5.34

3.1. Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries

  • 二进制包安装mysql 
    #检查当前环境配置
rpm -aq | grep mysql
rpm -ql mysql
rpm -qf /etc/my.conf
rpm -qc mysql-libs
rpm -qR mysql-libs
rpm -qd mysql
rpm -qi mysql
netstat -nlt
find / -name mysql
find / -name my.conf
cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
cat /etc/group |
rpm -qa | grep gcc
rpm -qa | grep make

#添加用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
cd /usr/local

#开始安装
tar -zxvf ……
cd mysql

#设定目录权限
chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .

#初始化数据库
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

#设定库文件目录权限
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data

#添加配置文件
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

#启动服务
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/dell/mysql_data
    View Code

     

 

3.2.Installing MySQL Using a Standard Source Distribution

  • 源码包安装mysql 
    rpm -aq | grep mysql
rpm -ql mysql
rpm -qf /etc/my.conf
rpm -qc mysql-libs
rpm -qR mysql-libs
rpm -qd mysql
rpm -qi mysql
netstat -nlt
find / -name mysql
find / -name my.conf
cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
cat /etc/group |
rpm -qa | grep gcc
rpm -qa | grep make
ls /home

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

cd mysql
ccmake . #没有这一步也过去了
cmake .
make
make install
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --datadir=/dell/mysql_data
    View Code

     

 4.MySQL-5.6.36

  • 二进制安装

    #添加用户
[root@tri blog]# groupadd -g 51 mysql
[root@tri blog]# useradd -r -u 51 -g 51 -d /data02/blog/mysql_data -s /sbin/nologin mysql

#开始安装
[root@tri local]# tar -xf /opt/data01/tars/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@tri local]# ln -s mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql
[root@tri local]# cd mysql
[root@tri mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql .
[root@tri mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
[root@tri mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@tri mysql]# chown -R mysql data/
#标准启动
[root@tri mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
#直接启动
[root@tri mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --port 3333

#解包后查看文件，编译时配置“-prefix=”
[root@tri mysql]# vi docs/INFO_BIN
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr/local/mysql
MYSQL_DATADIR:PATH=/usr/local/mysql/data

#添加启动时打开服务
[root@tri mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

#打开上述文件（提示配置文件、主目录、数据目录）
[root@tri mysql]# vi /etc/init.d/mysql
# If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you
# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
#
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
#   [mysqld]
#   basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory>
# - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
#   and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
#   below.
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.

# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.

basedir=
datadir=
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5.Mysql-5.7.28

  • 二进制安装 
    shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> mkdir mysql-files
shell> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
shell> chmod 750 mysql-files
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql 
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup              
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
    View Code

     

 

 

 处理默认账户

 

  • 修改 root 密码1 
    shell> mysql -u root
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('newpwd'); 
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'127.0.0.1' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'host_name' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
mysql> select host,user,password from mysql.user;
    View Code

     

  • 修改root密码2 
    shell> mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET password = PASSWORD('newpwd)
    -> WHERE user = 'root';
(没有这步，就得重启后才能生效)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;        

shell> mysqladmin -u root password "newpwd"
shell> mysqladmin -u root -h host_name password "newpwd"
mysqladmin 无法对127.0.0.1起作用。
shell> mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
    View Code

     

  • 修改 anonymous 密码
    修改 anonymous 密码
shell> mysql -u root -p
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ''@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ''@'host_name' = PASSWORD('newpwd');

shell> mysql -u root -p
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
    -> WHERE user = '';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
    View Code

     

  • 删除 anonymous 用户
    删除 anonymous 用户
shell> mysql -u root -p
mysql> DROP USER ''@'localhost';
mysql> DROP USER ''@'host_name';
mysql> select host,user,password from mysql.user;
    View Code

     

  • 拒绝任意用户访问测试数据库 
    shell> mysql -u root -p
mysql> DELETE FROM mysql.db WHERE db LIKE 'test%';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> DROP DATABASE test;    (* 再进一步，连测试库都干掉)
    View Code

     

 

多实例的实现 

实现1 

  • 编译不同配置的服务器，指定不同的 tcp/ip 端口 和 套接字 文件。 指定不同的 basedir，这会影响到 数据目录、日志文件、pid文件。 
    # 编译新的资源
cmake . -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3307 \
             -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR= \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.31
    View Code

     

 

实现2

  • 新实例仅仅需要不同的端口和套接字之外，别无他求时。只需要指定不同的启动参数即可 
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --socket=/tmp/my02.cnf --port=3000 --datadir=/data/
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -P3000 -uroot -p
    View Code

    指定新的：端口、socket文件、数据目录【最低要求】

     
  • 选项：错误日志，PID 文件 
    # 路径跟 datadir 走
--log-error=develop-database.err 
--pid-file=db.pid
    View Code

     

 

创建数据目录 

  • 新建 
    # 需要一个空目录
mkdir xxx
chown mysql:mysql xxx

# 创建数据目录
bin/mysqld --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/xxx --user=mysql
    View Code

     

  • 拷贝 
    # 1.停止例程运行
# 2.拷贝数据目录
    View Code

     

 

服务托管（chkconfig） 

  • 启动脚本 
    # 1.使用 support-files/mysql.server 进行编辑
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql.server

chkconfig --add mysql.server
chkconfig --level 345 mysql.server on
    View Code

     

  • 添加配置选项 
    # 在全局为其添加选项
vi /etc/my.cnf
           [mysqld]
           datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var
           socket=/var/tmp/mysql.sock
           port=3306
           user=mysql

           [mysql.server]
           basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    View Code

    mysql.server 会同时读取 【mysqld】和【mysql.server】的配置信息。 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RPM

-----------------------------
使用 RPM 包安装数据库

   RPM 包可以是官方提供的，也可以是其他作者提供的；可能有所不同（文件结构）。
   标准安装，需要 MySQL-server & MySQL-client 。（其他的包在标准安装中不需要）

   4109 行有关于各种包（名称）代表含义的详细说明。（包对 CPU 是有选择的 4208 ）

   查看 RPM 包里的文件：

shell> rpm -qpl MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm


 -----------------------------
   * Red Hat Linux, Fedora, CentOS

root-shell> yum install mysql mysql-server mysql-libs
root-shell> service mysqld start
root-shell> chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on


-----------------------------
   Debian,Ubuntu,Kubuntu

root-shell> apt-get install mysql-client-5.1 mysql-server-5.1
root-shell> service mysql start | stop


-----------------------------
优化从编译个出色的mysqld开始

   使用最好的编译器、和最佳的编译选项；使用静态模板编译。这个很重要，性能能提升10-30%。
   直接在官网下载的二进制包，包含所有的字符集；自己编译可以选择需要的字符集。

  Here is a list of some measurements that we have made:

    * If you link dynamically (without -static), the result is 13%
      slower on Linux. Note that you still can use a dynamically
      linked MySQL library for your client applications. It is the
      server that is most critical for performance.

    * For a connection from a client to a server running on the same
      host, if you connect using TCP/IP rather than a Unix socket
      file, performance is 7.5% slower. (On Unix, if you connect to
      the host name localhost, MySQL uses a socket file by default.)

    * For TCP/IP connections from a client to a server, connecting
      to a remote server on another host is 8% to 11% slower than
      connecting to a server on the same host, even for connections
      faster than 100Mb/s Ethernet.

    * When running our benchmark tests using secure connections (all
      data encrypted with internal SSL support) performance was 55% 
      slower than with unencrypted connections.

    * On a Sun UltraSPARC-IIe, a server compiled with Forte 5.0 is
      4% faster than one compiled with gcc 3.2.

    * On a Sun UltraSPARC-IIe, a server compiled with Forte 5.0 is
      4% faster in 32-bit mode than in 64-bit mode.

    * Compiling on Linux-x86 using gcc without frame pointers
      (-fomit-frame-pointer or -fomit-frame-pointer -ffixed-ebp)
      makes mysqld 1% to 4% faster.
View Code

 

 MySQL

posted on 2017-11-28 12:38  argor  阅读(487)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报