ubuntu24.04:lnmp环境搭建之二：安装mysql

一，安装mysql

用apt安装

#  apt-get install mysql-server

查看状态:

# systemctl status mysql.service 

说明：此时可以不用密码登录mysql,

因为它使用my.cnf中的默认密码连接

 

二，初始化mysql

#  mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Connecting to MySQL using a blank password.

VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: n

是否做密码的强度校验？选n，生产环境中建议设置一个高强度的密码

Skipping password set for root as authentication with auth_socket is used by default.
If you would like to use password authentication instead, this can be done with the "ALTER_USER" command.
See https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/alter-user.html#alter-user-password-management for more information.

默认将 root 账号的认证插件设置为了 auth_socket。
这表示 root 用户不需要输入密码，而是通过操作系统的超级用户权限（如通过 sudo mysql）直接登录。
如果你希望为 root 用户设置密码，并通过传统密码（caching_sha2_password 或 mysql_native_password）登录，

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.

此处输入Y,用来删除匿名用户

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n

是否禁止root账号远程连接，选n,允许远程连接

 ... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n

是否删除test数据库，选n,不删，留着

 ... skipping.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.

All done! 

是否重新加载权限表，选Y,加载

三，配置密码：

apt方式安装时默认将 root 账号的认证插件设置为了 auth_socket。
这表示 root 用户不需要输入密码，而是通过操作系统的超级用户权限（如通过 sudo mysql）直接登录。

# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.46-0ubuntu0.24.04.4 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT user, host, plugin FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root';
+------+-----------+-------------+
| user | host      | plugin      |
+------+-----------+-------------+
| root | localhost | auth_socket |
+------+-----------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY 'rootpassword';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT user, host, plugin FROM mysql.user WHERE user='root';
+------+-----------+-----------------------+
| user | host      | plugin                |
+------+-----------+-----------------------+
| root | localhost | caching_sha2_password |
+------+-----------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

四，测试登录：

输错时被拒绝访问

root@lhd-pc:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# mysql -h localhost -u root -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

输入正确时才能访问:

root@lhd-pc:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# mysql -h localhost -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 8.0.46-0ubuntu0.24.04.4 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

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