SpringMVC基本使用步骤
使用Spring MVC，第一步就是使用Spring提供的前置控制器，即Servlet的实现类DispatcherServlet拦截url：org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet；
拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据某某规则分发到目标Controller来处理；
创建一个SpringMVC项目，使用MyEclipse：
1）创建web项目；
2）添加spring相关jar包，不需要格外导入其他的jar包，创建application.xml配置文件；
3）在web.xml上配置DispatcherServlet选项，并指明初始化参数位置为application.xml；
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>4）在application.xml中配置扫描器context,扫描包中类的所有注解，进行自动装配；配置视图解析器InternalResourceViewResolver;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd "> <!-- 扫描器：扫描包中的所有的注解 进行自动装配 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.it"/> <!-- 视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/" p:suffix=".jsp"/> </beans>5）创建实体类javabean；
package com.it.entity;
/**
* 登陆账户实体类
*/
public class Account {
private int id;
private String cardNo;
private String pwd;
private int balance;
private String nickName;
public Account() {
super();
}
public Account(int id, String cardNo, String pwd, int balance,
String nickName) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.cardNo = cardNo;
this.pwd = pwd;
this.balance = balance;
this.nickName = nickName;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getCardNo() {
return cardNo;
}
public void setCardNo(String cardNo) {
this.cardNo = cardNo;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public int getBalance() {
return balance;
}
public void setBalance(int balance) {
this.balance = balance;
}
public String getNickName() {
return nickName;
}
public void setNickName(String nickName) {
this.nickName = nickName;
}
}
6）创建controller类并进行注解配置（@Controller,@RequestMaping）；
LoginController.java
package com.it.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
import com.it.entity.Account;
/**
* 登陆后端控制器
*/
@Controller
// Session范围 将acc存入到session中
@SessionAttributes(value = "acc")
public class LoginController {
// 页面和方法参数一一对应
@RequestMapping(value = "login.do")
// Modelmap参数携带者
public String login(String textName, String textPwd, ModelMap map) {
// 模拟登陆
if ("tom".equals(textName) && "123".equals(textPwd)) {
Account acc = new Account(1001, textName, textPwd, 1000, "游泳的鸟");
map.put("acc", acc);
// 重定向
return "redirect:/list.do";
}
map.put("msg", "登录失败。。。");
return "login";
}
// 页面参数和方法参数不一致时，需要requeparam转换
@RequestMapping(value = "login2.do")
public String login2(@RequestParam("name") String textName,@RequestParam("pwd") String textPwd, ModelMap map) {
// 模拟登陆
if ("tom".equals(textName) && "123".equals(textPwd)) {
Account acc = new Account(1001, textName, textPwd, 1000, "游泳的鸟");
map.put("acc", acc);
// 转向list.jsp
return "list";
}
map.put("msg", "登录失败。。。");
// 转向login.jsp
return "login";
}
// 使用实体类参数
@RequestMapping(value = "login3.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String login3(Account a, ModelMap map) {
// 模拟登陆
if ("tom".equals(a.getCardNo()) && "123".equals(a.getPwd())) {
Account acc = new Account(1001, a.getCardNo(), a.getPwd(), 1000,
"游泳的鸟");
map.put("acc", acc);
return "list";
}
map.put("msg", "登录失败。。。");
return "login";
}
}ListController.javapackage com.it.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
import com.it.entity.Account;
@Controller
@SessionAttributes(value = "ls")
public class ListController {
@RequestMapping(value = "list.do")
public String list(ModelMap map) {
List<Account> ls = new ArrayList<Account>();
ls.add(new Account(1001, "tom", "123", 1000, "会飞的鱼"));
ls.add(new Account(1002, "tony", "111", 1500, "会游泳的鸟"));
ls.add(new Account(1003, "jack", "000", 2000, "开飞机的乌龟"));
map.put("ls", ls);
return "list";
}
}7）创建jsp页面，页面上的数据使用EL表达式来显示；
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<form action="login.do" method="post">
<input name="textName" /> <input name="textPwd" /> <input
type="submit" value="登陆...">
</form>
<span style="color: red;">${msg }</span>
</body>
</html>login2.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<form action="login2.do" method="post">
<input name="name" /> <input name="pwd" /> <input
type="submit" value="登陆...">
</form>
<span style="color: red;">${msg }</span>
</body>
</html>login3.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<form action="login3.do" method="post">
<input name="cardNo" /> <input name="pwd" /> <input
type="submit" value="登陆...">
</form>
<span style="color: red;">${msg }</span>
</body>
</html>list.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>欢迎你，${sessionScope.acc.nickName }</h1>
</center>
<table align="center" border="1px;" width="40%">
<tr align="center">
<td>序号</td>
<td>账号</td>
<td>密码</td>
<td>余额</td>
<td>昵称</td>
<td>操作</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach var="acc" items="${ls }">
<tr align="center">
<td>${acc.id }</td>
<td>${acc.cardNo }</td>
<td>${acc.pwd }</td>
<td>${acc.balance }</td>
<td>${acc.nickName }</td>
<td>
<a href="#">删除</a>
<a href="#">修改</a>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>8）配置服务器即可测试。
