实验4 数组应用编程

task1_1

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 4

int main()
{
int a[N] = {2,0,2,3};
char b[N] = {'2','0','2','3'};
int i;

printf("sizeof(int) = %d\n",sizeof(int));
printf("sizeof(char) = %d\n",sizeof(char));
printf("\n");

for(i=0;i<N;++i)
printf("%p: %d\n",&a[i],a[i]);

printf("\n");

for(i=0;i<N;i++)
printf("%p: %c\n",&b[i],b[i]);

printf("\n");

printf("a = %p\n",a);
printf("b = %p\n",b);

return 0;
}

int型数组a：在内存中不是连续存放的，每个元素占用4个字节单元。

char型数组b：在内存中是连续存放的，每个元素占用1个字节单元。

数组名a对应的值，和&a[0]是一样的，数组名b对应的值，和&b[0]是不一样的。

task1_2

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 2
#define M 3

int main()
{
    int a[N][M] = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6}};
    char b[N][M] = {{'1','2','3'},{'4','5','6'}};
    int i,j;
    
    for(i=0;i<N;++i)
        for(j=0;j<M;++j)
            printf("%p:%d\n",&a[i][j],a[i][j]);
    printf("\n");
    
    printf("a = %p\n",a);
    printf("a[0] = %p\n",a[0]);
    printf("a[1] = %p\n",a[1]);
    printf("\n");
    
    for(i=0;i<N;++i)
        for(j=0;j<M;++j)
            printf("%p: %c\n",&b[i][j],b[i][j]);
    printf("\n");
    
    printf("b = %p\n",b);
    printf("b[0] = %p\n",b[0]);
    printf("b[1] = %p\n",b[1]);
    printf("\n");
    
    return 0;
}

int型二位数组a，在内存中是“按行连续存放”的，每个元素占用4个字节单元，数组名a的值和&a[0][0]的值，在数字字面值上是一样的。

char型二维数组b，在内存中是“按行连续存放”的，每个元素占用1个内存字节单元，数组名b的值和&b0][0]的值，在数字字面值上是一样的。

a[0],a[1]和b[0],b[1]的值：a[][]一排有三个元素，一个元素占4个字节，因此a[0]与a[1]差12个字节；b[][]一排也有三个元素，而字符型数组一个元素占1个字节，因此b[0]与b[1]差3个字节。

task2

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define N 80

void swap_str(char s1[N],char s2[N]);
void test1();
void test2();

int main()
{
printf("测试1：用两个一维数组，实现两个字符串交换\n");
test1();

printf("\n测试2：用二维数组，实现两个字符串交换\n");
test2();

return 0;
}
void test1()
{
char views1[N] = "hey, C, I hate u.";
char views2[N] = "hey, C, I love u.";

printf("交换前：\n");
puts(views1);
puts(views2);

swap_str(views1,views2);

printf("交换后：\n");
puts(views1);
puts(views2);
}

void test2()
{
char views[2][N] = {"hey, C, I hate u.","hey, C, I love u."};

printf("交换前：\n");
printf(views[0]);
printf(views[1]);

swap_str(views[0],views[1]);

printf("\n交换后：\n");
puts(views[0]);
puts(views[1]);
}

void swap_str(char s1[N], char s2[N])
{
char tmp[N];

strcpy(tmp,s1);
strcpy(s1,s2);
strcpy(s2,tmp);
}

test1的是两个不同的数组，引用时不用加[]；test2的是一个数组里的两行句子，引用时要写[]明确用的是哪一行

task3_1

#include<stdio.h>

#define N 80

int count(char x[]);

int main()
{
    char words[N+1];
    int n;
    
    while(gets(words)!=NULL)
    {
        n = count(words);
        printf("单词数：%d\n\n",n);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

int count(char x[])
{
    int i;
    int word_flag = 0;
    int number = 0;
    
    for(i=0;x[i]!=0;i++)
    {
        if(x[i]==' ')
            word_flag = 0;
        else if(word_flag ==0)
        {
            word_flag = 1;
            number++;
        }
    }
    
    return number;

task3_2

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 1000

int main()
{
    char line[N];
    int word_len;
    int max_len;
    int end;
    int i;
    
    while(gets(line)!=NULL)
    {
        word_len = 0;
        max_len = 0;
        end = 0;
        
        i = 0;
        while(1)
        {
            while(line[i]==' ')
            {
                word_len = 0;
                i++;
            }
            
            while(line[i]!='\0'&&line[i]!=' ')
            {
                word_len++;
                i++;
            }
            
            if(max_len<word_len)
            {
                max_len = word_len;
                end = i;
            }
            
            if(line[i]=='\0')
                break;
        }
        
        printf("最长单词：");
        for(i = end - max_len; i<end; ++i)
            printf("%c",line[i]);
        
        printf("\n\n");
    }
    
    return 0;
}

task4

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 5

void input(int x[],int n);
void output(int x[],int n);
double average(int x[],int n);
void bubble_sort(int x[],int n);

int main()
{
    int scores[N];
    double ave;
    
    printf("录入%d个分数:\n",N);
    input(scores,N);
    
    printf("\n输出课程分数:\n");
    output(scores,N);
    
    printf("\n课程分数处理: 计算均分、排序...\n");
    ave = average(scores,N);
    bubble_sort(scores,N);
    
    printf("\n输出课程均分:%.2f\n",ave);
    printf("\n输出课程分数（高->低）:\n");
    output(scores,N);
    
    return 0;
}

void input(int x[],int n)
{
    int i;
    
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
        scanf("%d",&x[i]);
}

void output(int x[],int n)
{
    int i;
    
    for(i=0;i<n;++i)
        printf("%d ",x[i]);
    printf("\n");
}

double average(int x[],int n)
{
    double average;
    int sum=0,i;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        sum = sum+x[i];
    }
    average = (double)sum/n;
    
    return average;
}

void bubble_sort(int x[],int n)
{
    int i,j,temp;
    for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<n-1-i;j++)
        {
            if(x[j]<x[j+1])
            {
                temp = x[j];
                x[j] = x[j+1];
                x[j+1] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

task5

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 100
void dec2n(int x,int n);

int main()
{
    int x;
    printf("输入一个十进制整数：");
    while(scanf("%d",&x)!=EOF)
    {
        dec2n(x,2);
        dec2n(x,8);
        dec2n(x,16);
        
        printf("\n输入一个十进制整数：");
    }
    
    return 0;
}

void dec2n(int x,int n)
{
    char num[N];
    char str[N]="0123456789ABCDEF";
    int i=0,j,t;
    
    while(x!=0)
    {
        t=x%n;
        x=x/n;
        num[i]=str[t];
        i++;
    }
    
    j=i;
    
    for(i=j-1;i>=0;i--)
        printf("%c",num[i]);
    printf("\n");
}

task6

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 100
#define M 4

void output(int x[][N],int n);
void rotate_to_right(int x[][N],int n);

int main()
{
    int t[][N] = {{21,12,13,24},{25,16,47,38},{29,11,32,54},{42,21,33,10}};
    printf("原始矩阵：\n");
    output(t,M);
    
    rotate_to_right(t,M);
    printf("变换后的矩阵：\n");
    output(t,M);
    
    return 0;
}

void output(int x[][N],int n)
{
    int i,j;
    
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
            printf("%4d",x[i][j]);
    
        printf("\n");
    }
}

void rotate_to_right(int x[][N],int n)
{
    int i,j,t;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        t=x[i][n-1];
        
        for(j=n-1;j>0;j--)
            x[i][j]=x[i][j-1];
        
        x[i][0]=t; 
    }
}

task7_1

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 80

void replace(char x[],char old_char,char new_char);

int main()
{
    char text[N] = "C programming is difficult or not, it is a question.";
    
    printf("原始文本：\n");
    printf("%s\n",text);
    
    replace(text,'i','*');
    
    printf("处理后文本：\n");
    printf("%s\n",text);
    
    return 0;
}

void replace(char x[],char old_char,char new_char)
{
    int i;
    
    for(i=0;x[i]!='\0';++i)
        if(x[i]==old_char)
            x[i] = new_char;
}

replace的功能：用new_char代替old_char

'\0'：表示句子结束

task7_2

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 80

int main()
{
    char str[N],ch;
    int i;
    
    printf("输入一个字符串:");
    gets(str);
    
    printf("输入一个字符串:");
    ch = getchar();
    
    printf("截断处理......");
    
    i = 0;
    while(str[i]!='\0')
    {
        if(str[i]==ch)
            {
                str[i] = '\0';
            break;
            }
        i++;
    }
    str[i] = '\0';
    
    printf("\n截断处理后字符串:%s\n",str);
    
    return 0;
}

task8

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

#define N 5
#define M 20

void bubble_sort(char str[][M],int n);

int main()
{
    char name[][M] = {"Bob","Bill","Joseph","Taylor","George"};
    int i;
    
    printf("输出初始名单:\n");
    for(i=0;i<N;i++)
        printf("%s\n",name[i]);
        
    printf("\n排序中...\n");
    bubble_sort(name,N);
    
    printf("\n按字典排序输出名单:\n");
    for(i=0;i<N;i++)
        printf("%s\n",name[i]);
    
    return 0;
}

void bubble_sort(char str[][M],int n)
{
    int i,j;
    char t[N][M];
    for(j=0;j<N;j++)
    {
        for(i=0;i<N-1;i++)
        {
            if(strcmp(str[i],str[i+1])>0)
            {
                strcpy(t[i],str[i]);
                strcpy(str[i],str[i+1]);
                strcpy(str[i+1],t[i]);
            }
   
        }
    }
}

posted @ 2023-04-15 21:17 傲芙阅读(33) 评论(0) 收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

实验4 数组应用编程

公告