windows 下 编译linux 程序(wsl)

 
WSL环境编译

在Windows Subsystem for Linux中直接使用Linux工具链

 一、在 Windows 上编译 Linux 程序，请使用 WSL 并在其中安装 Linux 原生 GCC。进入dos窗口
      
  1.查看发行版本

C:\Users\king>wsl --list --online
以下是可安装的有效分发的列表。
使用“wsl.exe --install <Distro>”安装。

NAME                            FRIENDLY NAME
AlmaLinux-8                     AlmaLinux OS 8
AlmaLinux-9                     AlmaLinux OS 9
AlmaLinux-Kitten-10             AlmaLinux OS Kitten 10
AlmaLinux-10                    AlmaLinux OS 10
Debian                          Debian GNU/Linux
FedoraLinux-43                  Fedora Linux 43
FedoraLinux-42                  Fedora Linux 42
SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-15-SP7    SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 SP7
SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-16.0      SUSE Linux Enterprise 16.0
Ubuntu                          Ubuntu
Ubuntu-24.04                    Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
archlinux                       Arch Linux
kali-linux                      Kali Linux Rolling
openSUSE-Tumbleweed             openSUSE Tumbleweed
openSUSE-Leap-16.0              openSUSE Leap 16.0
Ubuntu-20.04                    Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Ubuntu-22.04                    Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
OracleLinux_7_9                 Oracle Linux 7.9
OracleLinux_8_10                Oracle Linux 8.10
OracleLinux_9_5                 Oracle Linux 9.5
openSUSE-Leap-15.6              openSUSE Leap 15.6
SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-15-SP6    SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 SP6

   2. 安装archlinux

C:\Users\king>wsl --install archlinux
正在下载: Arch Linux
正在安装: Arch Linux
已成功安装分发。可以通过 “wsl.exe -d archlinux” 启动它
正在启动 archlinux...
Welcome to the Arch Linux WSL image!

This image is maintained at <https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/archlinux-wsl>.

Please, report bugs at <https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/archlinux-wsl/-/issues>.
Note that WSL 1 is not supported.

For more information about this WSL image and its usage (including "tips and tricks" and troubleshooting steps), see the related Arch Wiki page at <https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Install_Arch_Linux_on_WSL>.

While images are built regularly, it is strongly recommended running "pacman -Syu" right after the first launch due to the rolling release nature of Arch Linux.

Generating pacman keys...
==> Generating pacman master key. This may take some time.
==> Updating trust database...
Done

#会自动启动

  3.退出，再次进入

C:\Users\king>wsl -d archlinux
[root@LAPTOP-MC2ANUM6 king]#

4.默认wsl

C:\Users\king>wsl --status
默认分发: docker-desktop
默认版本: 2

  如果你只输入wsl，进入的是docker-desktop的环境(本机安装有windows docker环境)

PS C:\msys64\usr\bin> wsl
docker-desktop:/tmp/docker-desktop-root/run/desktop/mnt/host/c/msys64/usr/bin#

 5.再次安装  Ubuntu

C:\Users\king>wsl --install Ubuntu
正在下载: Ubuntu
正在安装: Ubuntu
已成功安装分发。可以通过 “wsl.exe -d Ubuntu” 启动它
正在启动 Ubuntu...
Provisioning the new WSL instance Ubuntu
This might take a while...
Create a default Unix user account: king
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.

  更新下

king@LAPTOP-MC2ANUM6:/mnt/c/Users/king$ sudo apt update
[sudo] password for king:
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease [126 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease [126 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 Packages [15.0 MB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe Translation-en [5982 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 Components [3871 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [301 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/multiverse amd64 Packages [269 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/multiverse Translation-en [118 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/multiverse amd64 Components [35.0 kB]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [8328 B]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 Packages [1627 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main Translation-en [305 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 Components [175 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [15.7 kB]
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1501 kB]
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe Translation-en [304 kB]
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 Components [378 kB]
Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [31.4 kB]
Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [2309 kB]
Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted Translation-en [526 kB]
Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 Components [212 B]
Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [516 B]
Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [30.3 kB]
Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse Translation-en [5808 B]
Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse amd64 Components [940 B]
Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [484 B]
Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/main amd64 Packages [40.4 kB]
Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/main Translation-en [9208 B]
Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/main amd64 Components [7140 B]
Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [368 B]
Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/universe amd64 Packages [29.2 kB]
Get:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/universe Translation-en [17.6 kB]
Get:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/universe amd64 Components [11.0 kB]
Get:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [1444 B]
Get:36 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/restricted amd64 Components [212 B]
Get:37 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B]
Get:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/multiverse amd64 Components [212 B]
Get:39 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [116 B]
Get:40 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security InRelease [126 kB]
Get:41 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 Packages [1349 kB]
Get:42 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main Translation-en [221 kB]
Get:43 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 Components [21.5 kB]
Get:44 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [9448 B]
Get:45 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 Packages [915 kB]
Get:46 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe Translation-en [206 kB]
Get:47 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 Components [71.4 kB]
Get:48 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [19.4 kB]
Get:49 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/restricted amd64 Packages [2205 kB]
Get:50 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/restricted Translation-en [503 kB]
Get:51 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/restricted amd64 Components [212 B]
Get:52 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [500 B]
Get:53 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [27.4 kB]
Get:54 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse Translation-en [5956 B]
Get:55 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse amd64 Components [212 B]
Get:56 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [384 B]
Fetched 38.9 MB in 14s (2768 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
87 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

安装 Linux 的 GCC 编译器（如 build-essential）

king@LAPTOP-MC2ANUM6:sudo apt install build-essential
... 安装略...
king@LAPTOP-MC2ANUM6:/mnt/c/Users/king$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/lto-wrapper
OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none:amdgcn-amdhsa
OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-13/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-13 --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/libexec --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --enable-bootstrap --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-libstdcxx-backtrace --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --enable-libphobos-checking=release --with-target-system-zlib=auto --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --enable-cet --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-fG75Ri/gcc-13-13.3.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-fG75Ri/gcc-13-13.3.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-offload-defaulted --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --enable-link-serialization=2
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 13.3.0 (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04)

  默认界面,默认windows下的c:\Users\king 目录,里面的所有内容都可以看到

king@LAPTOP-MC2ANUM6:/mnt/c/Users/king$   

/mnt/c/Users/king 这个目录就是windows和linux的对接口

   编译: 在 WSL 终端中，使用标准的 gcc (或 g++) 命令编译你的 C/C++ 代码，它会生成原生的 Linux 可执行文件。

编辑test.c
$vim test.c
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned int a;
int a1=1;
char c = 66;
char c1 = 'B';
int main()
{
    
    int x = 100;
    printf("dec = %d\n", x); // 100
    printf("octal = %o\n", x); // 144
    printf("hex = %x\n", x); // 64
    printf("octal = %#o\n", x); // 0144
    printf("hex = %#x\n", x); // 0x64
    printf("hex = %#X\n", x); // 0X64
    char a = 'B'; // 等同于 char a = 66;
    char b = 'C'; // 等同于 char b = 67;
    printf("%d\n", a + b); // 输出 133
    printf("aozhejin\n");
    return 0;
}

#执行编译
$gcc test.c

#用nm查看
$gcc your_program.c -o your_program

king@LAPTOP-MC2ANUM6:/mnt/c/Users/king$ nm a.out
0000000000003dc0 d _DYNAMIC
0000000000003fb0 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
0000000000002000 R _IO_stdin_used
                 w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
                 w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
0000000000002130 r __FRAME_END__
0000000000002054 r __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR
0000000000004018 D __TMC_END__
000000000000038c r __abi_tag
0000000000004018 B __bss_start
                 w __cxa_finalize@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000004000 D __data_start
0000000000001120 t __do_global_dtors_aux
0000000000003db8 d __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
0000000000004008 D __dso_handle
0000000000003db0 d __frame_dummy_init_array_entry
                 w __gmon_start__
                 U __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.34
0000000000004016 D _edata
0000000000004020 B _end
0000000000001250 T _fini
0000000000001000 T _init
0000000000001080 T _start
000000000000401c B a
0000000000004010 D a1
0000000000004014 D c
0000000000004015 D c1
0000000000004018 b completed.0
0000000000004000 W data_start
00000000000010b0 t deregister_tm_clones
0000000000001160 t frame_dummy
0000000000001169 T main
                 U printf@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U puts@GLIBC_2.2.5
00000000000010e0 t register_tm_clones

安装包管理工具

在CentOS中一般是yum,ubuntu 是Pacman 
king@LAPTOP-MC2ANUM6:/mnt/c/Users/king/testwsl$ sudo apt-get install pacman

一些混合命令

C:\Users\king>wsl ls -la
C:\Users\king>wsl ifconfig 
C:\Users\king>wsl top 
C:\Users\king>wsl ls
C:\Users\king>wsl echo 1 > 1.txt
参考:
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/filesystems

 

备注: 在 WSL 里，gcc 指向的是你安装的 Linux 版本里的 GCC，它编译出的是可以在 WSL 环境中运行的 Linux 程序。

 

   参考:
   https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/setup/environment
    https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/basic-commands