Intel 芯片组(南桥的演变)

List of Intel chipsets

 

 本文提供了Intel制造的主板chipsets列表，分为三大类：使用PCI总线进行互连的芯片组（4xx 系列）、使用专用“集线器链路”连接的芯片组（8xx 系列）以及使用PCI Express（9xx 系列）连接。芯片组按时间顺序列出。

 

Pre-chipset situation

 可以在 MCS-85 family部分找到支持 Intel 8085 微处理器的早期芯片组。

早期的IBM XT-compatible mainboards还没有芯片组，而是依赖于英特尔的一系列分立 TTL芯片

• the 8284 clock generator
• the 8288 bus controller
• the 8254 Programmable Interval Timer
• the 8255 parallel I/O interface
• the 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller
• the 8237 DMA controller

早期芯片组

为了将主板上所需的功能集成到更少量的 IC 中，英特尔为其英特尔 80286和英特尔 80386 SX 处理器（82230/82231 高集成 AT 兼容芯片组）授权了ZyMOS POACH 芯片组。 82230 涵盖了这种芯片组合：82C284 时钟、82288 总线控制器和双 8259A 中断控制器以及其他组件。82231 涵盖了这种芯片组合：8254 中断定时器、74LS612 内存映射器和双 8237A DMA 控制器以及其他组件。两套 10 MHz 版本售价 60 美元，12 MHz 版本售价 90 美元，数量为 100 件。该芯片组可与 82335 高集成接口设备一起使用，以提供对 Intel 386SX 的支持

早期英特尔芯片组列表包括

• 82091AA EISA/ISA - Advanced Integrated Peripheral (AIP), includes: floppy disk controller, 2× UARTs, parallel port, IDE controller, oscillator, etc.
  
• 82310 MCA family chipset - announced in April 1988.^[8] This chipset also supports the 80386SX based machines as well.^[9] Which it does includes:^[4][10]
  • 82306 Local Channel Support Chip
  • 82307 DMA Controller/Central Arbiter
  • 82308 Micro Channel Bus Controller
  • 82309 Address Bus Controller
  • 82706 VGA Graphics Controller
• 82350 EISA - announced in September 1988.
  
• 82311 MCA - announced in November 1988. Includes: 82303 and 82304 Local I/O Channel Support Chips, 82307 DMA Controller/Central Arbiter, 82308 Micro Channel Bus Controller, 82309 Address Bus Controller, 82706 VGA Graphics Controller, 82077 Floppy Disk Controller.
  
• 82320 MCA - announced in April 1989.
  
• 82340SX PC AT - announced in January 1990, it is the Topcat chipset licensed from VLSI.
  
• 82340DX PC AT - announced in January 1990, it is the Topcat chipset licensed from VLSI.
  
• 82360SL - announced in October 1990.It was a chipset for the mobile 80386SL and 80486SL processors. It integrated DMA controller, an interrupt controller PIC, serial and parallel ports, and power-management logic for the processor.
• 82350DT EISA - announced in April 1991.
  
• 82380 - High Performance 32-Bit DMA Controller with Integrated System Support Peripherals. This chipset has 20-level programmable interrupt controller a superset of Intel's 82C59 PIC. It also has four (x4) 16-bit programmable internal timers which its superset Intel's 82C54 PIT. It also has built-in DRAM refresh controller as well. It is available for USD $149 and USD $299 for 16 MHz and 20 MHz respectfully in quantities of 100.^[19]
• 82384 - Clock Generator. The available version for USD $15 in quantities of 100.^[20]
• 82385 - High Performance 32-Bit Cache Controller.^[21] This chipset was introduced in February 1987. It was available for 20 MHz version.^[22]

 

4xx 芯片组

80486 chipsets

Chipset	代号	北桥	规格编号	南桥	Release Date	处理器	FSB总线	SMP	内存类型	Max. memory	Max. cacheable	Parity/ECC	L2 Cache Type	PCI support
420TX	Saturn	CDC (82424TX), DPU (82423TX)	SZ839 SZ868	SIO (System I/O)	November 1992	5 V 486	Up to 33 MHz	No	FPM	128 MB[23]		Parity	Async.	1.0
420ZX	Saturn II	CDC (82424ZX), DPU (82423TX)	SZ884		March 1994	5 V/3.3 V 486				160 MB				2.1
420EX	Aries	PSC (82425EX)	SZ897 (PSC) SZ898 (IB)	IB (82426EX)			Up to 50 MHz			128 MB	128 MB (/w 32KB Tag Ram & 512KB L2 Cache[24]			2.0

Pentium chipsets

While not an actual Intel chipset bug, the Mercury and Neptune chipsets could be found paired with RZ1000 and CMD640 IDE controllers with data corruption bugs. L2 caches are direct-mapped with SRAM tag RAM, write-back for 430FX, HX, VX, and TX.

芯片组	代号	Part Numbers	规格编号	南桥	发布日期	处理器	FSB	SMP	内存类型	Max. memory	Max. cacheable	Parity/ECC	L2 Cache Type	PCI support	AGP support
430LX	Mercury	82434LX (PCMC) 2x 82433LX (LBX)	SZ914 (PCMC) SZ942 (LBX)	SIO (ISA) PCEB/ESC (EISA)	March 1993	P60/66	60/66 MHz	No	FPM	192 MB	192 MB	Parity	Async.	2.0	No
430NX	Neptune	82434NX (PCMC) 2x 82433NX (LBX)	SZ919 (PCMC) SZ899 (LBX)	SIO (ISA) SIO.A (DP ISA) PCEB/ESC (EISA)	March 1994	P75+	50/60/66 MHz	Yes		512 MB	512 MB
430FX	Triton	82437FX/JX (TSC) 2x 82438FX (TDP)	SZ965 (A1) SZ968 (A1) SZ969 SZ973 (A1) SZ975 (A1) SZ998 (A2) SZ999	PIIX	January 1995			No	FPM/EDO	128 MB	64 MB	Neither	Async. / Pburst
430MX	Mobile Triton	82437MX	SU036 (A1) SU037 (A1) SU069 (B0)	MPIIX	October 1995
430HX	Triton II[28][29]	82439HX/JHX (TXC)	SU087 (A1) SU102 (A2) SU115	PIIX3	February 1996			Yes		512 MB	64 MB 512 MB (w/ 11-bit tag RAM)[30]	Both		2.1
430VX	Triton II[28][31]	82437VX (TVX) 2x 82438VX (TDX)	SU085 (A1) SU116 (A2)				60/66 MHz	No	FPM/EDO/SDRAM	128 MB	64 MB	Neither
430TX[32]		82439TX (MTXC)	SL238 (A1) SL28T (A2)	PIIX4	February 1997					256 MB

Pentium Pro/II/III chipsets

Chipset	Code Name	零件号	sSpec Number	南桥	发布日期	Processors	FSB总线	SMP	Memory			Parity/ECC	PCI support	AGP support
									Type	Max.	Bank
450KX	Mars	82451KX, 82452KX, 82453KX, 82454KX	SU022 (A2) SU024 (A2) SU025 (A1) SU026 (A1) SU027 (A2) SU028 (A2) SU029 (A1) SU030 (A2) SU039 (A1) SU040 (A1) SU041 (A2) SU042 (A2) SU043 (A1) SU044 (A2) SU061 (A3) SU062 (A4) SU064 (A4)	SIO, SIO.A, PIIX (ISA) PCEB/ESC (EISA)	November 1995	Pentium Pro	60/66 MHz	Yes	FPM	1 GB		Both	2.0	No
450GX	Orion	82451GX, 82452GX, 82453GX, 82454GX	SU019 (A1) SU055 (A1) SU056 (A3) SU057 (A3) SU058 (A4) SU059 (A4) SU063 (A4) SY050 (A4) SY051 (A5) SY052 (A6) SY053 (A4) SY054 (A6)	SIO.A (ISA) PCEB/ESC (EISA)				Yes (up to four)		8 GB
440FX	Natoma	82441FX, 82442FX	SU053 (A1) SU054 (A1)	PIIX3 (ISA) PCEB/ESC (EISA)	May 1996	Pentium Pro, Pentium II		Yes	FPM / EDO / BEDO	1 GB	4		2.1
440LX	Balboa	82443LX	SL2KK (A3) SL2KN (A3)	PIIX4	August 1997	Pentium II, Celeron	66 MHz		FPM / EDO / SDRAM	1 GB EDO / 512 MB SDRAM[35]				AGP 2×
440EX	—	82443EX	SL2SA (A0) SL2SB	PIIX4E	April 1998			No	EDO / SDRAM	256 MB	2	Neither
440BX	Seattle	82443BX 82443BXE	SL278 (C1) SL2T5 (B1) SL2VH (C1) SL85Y			Pentium II/III, Celeron	66/100 MHz	Yes		512 MB (1 GB w/ Registered)[36]	4	Both	2.1 (64-bit optional)
440GX	Marlinspike	82443GX	SL2TF (A0) SL2VJ (A0)		June 1998	Pentium II/III, Xeon	66/100 MHz		SDRAM	2 GB			2.1
450NX	—	82451NX, 82452NX, 82453NX, 82454NX	SL2RU (B0) SL2RV (B1) SL2RW (B0) SL2RX (B0) SL2ZA (B1) SL36R (C0)					Yes (up to four)	FPM / EDO	8 GB			2.1 (64-bit optional)	No
440ZX-66		82443ZX	SL37A		November 1998	Celeron, Pentium II/III	66 MHz	No	SDRAM	512 MB	2	Neither	2.1	AGP 2×
440ZX			SL33W				66/100 MHz
440ZX-M		82443ZX-M	SL3VP	PIIX4M		Pentium III, Celeron				256 MB
440MX	Banister	82443MX	SL37L (B0) SL3N4 (B0)	Same chip		Pentium II/III, Celeron				512 MB			2.2	No

南桥 4xx chipsets

    PCI IDE ISA Xcelerator

Chipset	Part Number	规格编号	ATA支持	usb支持	CMOS/clock	ISA支持	LPC支持	Power management
ESC	82374EB/SB	SZ867	None	None		Yes
PCEB	82375EB/SB
SIO	82378IB/ZB	SZ905			No		No	SMM
SIO.A	82379AB
MPIIX	82371MX	SU034 (A1) SU035 (A1) SU067 (A2)	PIO
PIIX	82371FB	SZ964 (A1) SZ967 (A1) SZ997 (A1)	PIO/WDMA
PIIX3	82371SB	SU052 (A1) SU093 (B0)		1 Controller, 2 Ports
PIIX4	82371AB	SL23P SL2 km (B0)	PIO/UDMA 33		Yes
PIIX4E	82371EB 82371EBE	SL2MY (A0) SL2T3 (A0) SL37M (A0) SL37U (A0) SL87F
PIIX4M	82371MB	SL3CG (A0) SL3DD (A0)

8xx chipsets

Pentium II/III chipsets

Chipset	Code name	Part numbers	sSpec Number	南桥	Release date	Processors	FSB	SMP	Memory types	Max. memory	Memory banks	Parity or ECC	PCI	Ext. AGP/speed	IGP
810	Whitney	82810	SL3P6 SL3P7 (A3) SL35K	ICH/ICH0	April 1999	Celeron, Pentium II/III	66/100 MHz	No	EDO/PC100 SDRAM	512 MB	4	Neither	v2.2/33 MHz	No	Yes
810E		82810E	SL3MD (A3)	ICH	September 1999		66/100/133 MHz		PC100/133 SDRAM
810E2				ICH2
815	Solano	82815	SL4DF (A2) SL5YN SL5NQ	ICH	June 2000						6			Yes/AGP 4×
815E				ICH2				Yes (2)
815G		82815G		ICH/ICH0	September 2001	Celeron, Pentium III		No						No
815EG				ICH2
815P		82815EP		ICH/ICH0	March 2001									Yes/AGP 4×	No
815EP			SL5NR (B0)	ICH2	November 2000	Celeron, Pentium II/III
820	Camino	82820 82820DP	SL353 (B1) SL3FT (B1) SL3NF (B1) SL47D (B2) SL47F (B2)	ICH	November 1999			Yes	PC800 RDRAM/PC100 SDRAM (with MTH adapter)	1 GB	2	Both
820E				ICH2	June 2000
840	Carmel	82840	SL3QR	ICH	October 1999	Pentium III, Xeon			Dual-Channel PC800 RDRAM/PC100 SDRAM (with MTH adapter)	4 GB	2×4		v2.2/33 MHz + PCI-X/66 MHz

Pentium III mobile chipsets

Chipset	发布代号	Part numbers	规格编号	南桥	发布日期	处理器	FSB	SMP	Memory types	Max. memory	Memory banks	Parity or ECC	PCI	Ext. AGP/speed	IGP
815EM		82815EM	SL4MP	ICH2-M	October 2000	Mobile Celeron, Mobile Pentium III	100 MHz	No	PC100 SDRAM	512 MB	2	Neither	v2.2/33 MHz	Yes/AGP 4×	Yes
830M	Almador	82830M	SL62D	ICH3-M	July 2001	Celeron, Pentium III-M	100/133 MHz	No	PC133 SDRAM	1 GB	2	Neither	v2.2/33 MHz	Yes/AGP 4×	Yes
830MP		82830MP	SL5P7 SL62F SL7A6												No
830MG		82830MG	SL5P9 SL62E											No	Yes

Pentium 4 芯片组

Chipset	代码	零件号	规格编号	南桥	Release date	Socket	处理器带宽	FSB [ MT/s ]	SMP	Memory types	Memory Channels	Max. memory [ GiB ]	Parity/ECC	Graphics	TDP
860	Colusa	82860 (MCH)	SL5HB	ICH2	May 2001	Socket 603 Socket 604	Xeon	400 MT/s (100 MHz QDR)	Yes	PC800/600 RDRAM	2	4 (w. 2 repeaters)	Yes/Yes	AGP 4×
845	Brookdale	82845 (MCH)	SL5V7 (A3) SL5YQ SL63W (B0)		September 2001[38]	Socket 423 Socket 478	Celeron, Pentium 4		No	DDR 200/266 SDR 133	1	2 (DDR) 3 (SDR)
850	Tehama	82850 (MCH)	SL4NG (A2) SL5HA (A3)		November 2000					PC800/600 RDRAM		2
850E	Tehama-E	82850E (MCH)	SL64X (A3)	ICH2/ICH4	May 2002	Socket 478		400/533 MT/s		PC1066/800/600 RDRAM
845E	Brookdale-E	82845E (MCH)	SL66N SL69S	ICH4			Celeron, Celeron D, Pentium 4			DDR 200/266					5.8 W
845G	Brookdale-G	82845G (GMCH)	SL66F (A1) SL6PR (B1)							DDR 200/266 SDR 133			No/No	Intel Extreme Graphics AGP 4×	5.1 W (SDRAM), 5.7 W (DDR)[39]
845GV	Brookdale-GV	82845GV (GMCH)	SL6NR (A1) SL6PU (B1) SL8DA		October 2002	Socket 478 LGA 775				DDR 200/266 SDR 133				Intel Extreme Graphics no AGP slot
845GL	Brookdale-GL	82845GL (GMCH)	SL66G (A1) SL6PT (B1)		May 2002	Socket 478	Celeron, Pentium 4	400 MT/s		DDR 200/266 SDR 133					5.1 W (SDRAM), 5.8 W (DDR)[39]
845GE	Brookdale-GE	82845GE (GMCH)	SL6PS		October 2002	Socket 478 LGA 775	Celeron, Celeron D, Pentium 4	400/533 MT/s		DDR 200/266/333				Intel Extreme Graphics AGP 4×	6.3 W
845PE	Brookdale-PE	82845PE (MCH)	SL6H5 SL6Q3			Socket 478								AGP 4×	5.6 W
848P	Breeds Hill	82848P (MCH)	SL77Y (A2) SL7YG (A2)	ICH5/ICH5R	August 2003	Socket 478 LGA 775	Pentium 4, Pentium 4 EE, Pentium D, Celeron, Celeron D	400/533/800 MT/s		DDR-400				AGP 8×	8.1 W
865P	Springdale-P	82865P	SL6UY		May 2003		Pentium 4, Celeron D	400/533 MT/s		DDR-333	2	4			10.3 W
865PE	Springdale-PE	82865PE	SL722 (A2) SL7YE (A2)				Pentium 4, Pentium 4 EE, Pentium D, Pentium Extreme Edition, Celeron, Celeron D, Core 2, Pentium Dual Core	400/533/800 MT/s		DDR-400				AGP 8×	11.3 W
865G	Springdale	82865G (GMCH)	SL99Y SL743 (A2)											Intel Extreme Graphics 2 AGP 8×	12.9 W
865GV	Springdale-GV	82865GV (GMCH)	SL77X (A2) SL7YF (A2)		September 2003									Intel Extreme Graphics 2 no AGP slot
875P	Canterwood	82875P (MCH)	SL744 (A2) SL8DB	ICH5/ICH5R/6300ESB	April 2003	Socket 478 Socket 604 LGA 775	Pentium 4, Pentium 4 EE, Pentium D, Pentium Extreme Edition, Celeron, Celeron D, Xeon						Yes/Yes	AGP 8×	12.1 W
E7205	Granite Bay	E7205 (MCH)	SL65P (B0) SL6TU	ICH4	November 2002	Socket 478	Pentium 4	400/533 MT/s		DDR-200/266
E7500	Plumas	E7500 (MCH)	SL64H SL69U	ICH3-S	February 2002	Socket 604	Xeon	400 MT/s	Yes	DDR-200		16		PCI-X
E7501	Plumas 533				December 2002	Socket 604 Socket 479	Xeon, Pentium M	400/533 MT/s		DDR-200/266
E7505	Placer	E7505 (MCH)	SL65N SL6TU	ICH4	November 2002	Socket 604	Xeon							AGP 8×
E7221	Copper River	E7221 (MCH)	SL7YQ	ICH6/ICH6R	September 2004	LGA 775	Pentium 4, Pentium 4 HT	533/800 MT/s	No	DDR 333/400 DDR2 400/533		4	Yes/Yes unbuffered only	• Integrated graphics engine (SVGA) • PCI Express ×8 (1.0a), or • PCI-X (with PCIe bridge) not specifically dedicated to graphics
E7230	Mukilteo	E7230 (MCH)	SL8kJ SL8KK	ICH7/ICH7R	July 2005	LGA 775	Pentium D, Pentium 4, Pentium 4 HT, Pentium 4 EE, Celeron D	533/800/1066 MT/s		DDR2 400/533/667		8	Yes/Yes unbuffered only	• PCI Express ×8 (1.0a), or • PCI-X (with PCIe bridge) not specifically dedicated to graphics

概括:

• 845 (Brookdale)
  • ^{两个不同的版本845 MCH 用于 SDR和845 MCH 用于 DDR} 
• 875P (Canterwood)
  • Similar to E7205, but adds support for 800 MHz bus, DDR at 400 MHz, Communication Streaming Architecture (CSA), Serial ATA (with RAID in certain configurations) and Performance Acceleration Technology (PAT), a mode purported to cut down memory latency.
  • SMP capability exists only on Xeon-based (socket 604) motherboards using the 875P chipset. FSB is rated at 533 MHz on these motherboards.
• 865PE (Springdale)
  • 875P without PAT, though it was possible to enable PAT in some early revisions. Also lacks ECC Memory support.
  • Sub-versions:
    • 865P - Similar to 865PE, but supports only 400/533 MHz bus and 333 MHz memory.
    • 848P - Single memory channel version of 865PE.
• 865G (Springdale-G)
  • 865PE with integrated graphics (Intel Extreme Graphics 2). PAT never supported in any revisions.
  • Sub-versions:
    • 865GV - 865G without external AGP slot.
• E7221 (Copper River)
  • Designed for Pentium 4-based server.
  • Supports only one physical processor.
  • A basic SVGA controller is integrated for analog video.
  • One PCI-X slot can be bridged to the PCI-e ×8 using the Intel® 6702PXH 64-bit PCI Hub.
• E7230 (Mukilteo)
  • Similar to the Intel 3000 MCH, but mainly designed for Pentium D-based server.
  • Supports only one physical processor.
  • DDR2-667 4-4-4 is not supported.
    
  • No integrated graphics.
  • One PCI-X slot can be bridged to the PCI-e ×8 using Intel® 6700PXH 64-bit PCI Hub/Intel® 6702PXH 64-bit PCI Hub.

Pentium 4-M/Pentium M/Celeron M 移动 chipsets

Chipset	代号	零件号	规编	南桥	发布日期	处理器	FSB	SMP	Memory types	最大内存	Parity/ECC	PCI Type	Graphics	TDP
845MZ	Brookdale-MZ	82845 (MCH)	SL64T	ICH3-M	March 2002	Mobile Celeron, Pentium 4-M	400 MT/s	No	DDR 200	1 GB	No/No	v2.2/33 MHz	AGP 4×
845MP	Brookdale-M		SL66J						DDR 200/266
852GM	Montara-GM	82852GM (GMCH)	SL6ZK SL7VP	ICH4-M	Q2, '04	Pentium 4-M, Celeron, Celeron M							Integrated 32-bit 3D Core @ 133 MHz	3.2 W
852GMV		82852GMV (GMCH)	SL742
852PM		82852PM (MCH)	SL72J SL7VP			Pentium 4-M, Celeron, Celeron D	400/533 MT/s		DDR 200/266/333	2 GB			AGP 1x/2×/4×	5.7 W
852GME		82852GME (GMCH)	SL72K SL8D7		Q4, '03								Integrated Extreme Graphics 2 graphics core
854		82854 (GMCH)	SL794		March 2005	Celeron M ULV	400 MT/s		DDR 266/333
855GM	Montara-GM	82855GM (GMCH)	SL6WW SL7VL		March 2003	Pentium M, Celeron M			DDR 200/266					3.2 W
855GME		82855GME (MCH)	SL72L SL7VN						DDR 200/266/333					4.3 W
855PM	Odem	82855PM (MCH)	SL6TJ (A3) SL752 (B1)										AGP 2×/4×	5.7 W

南桥 8xx chipsets

 I/O Controller Hub

 

Chipset	Part Number	规格编号	ATA	SATA	RAID Level	USB	PCI
ICH	82801AA	SL38R SL3MZ SL47Z	UDMA 66/33	No	No	1.1, 2 ports	Rev 2.2, 6 slots
ICH0	82801AB	SL38P SL3N2 (B1)	UDMA 33				Rev 2.2, 4 slots
ICH2-M	82801BAM	SL4HN (B1) SL4R6 (B2)	UDMA 100/66/33				Rev 2.2, 2 slots
ICH2	82801BA	SL45H (B0) SL4HM (B1) SL4YG (B1) SL59Z (B4) SL5FC (B0) SL5WK (B5) SL7UU				1.1, 4 ports	Rev 2.2, 6 slots
ICH3-M	82801CAM	SL5LF (B0) SL5YP				1.1, 2 ports	Rev 2.2, 2 slots
ICH3-S	82801CA	SL632 SL8AN (B2)				1.1, 6 ports	Rev 2.2, 6 slots
ICH4-M	82801DBM	SL6DN SL7VK (B2)				2.0, 4 ports	Rev 2.2, 3 slots
ICH4	82801DB	SL66K (A1) SL6DM (B0) SL8DE				2.0, 6 ports	Rev 2.2, 6 slots
ICH5-M	82801EBM					2.0, 4 ports	Rev 2.3, 4 slots
ICH5	82801EB	SL6TN (A2) SL73Z (A3) SL7YC		SATA 1.5 Gbit/s, 2 ports		2.0, 8 ports	Rev 2.3, 6 slots
ICH5R	82801ER	SL6ZD SL73D (A3) SL742 (A3)			RAID 0, RAID 1
6300ESB	6300ESB	SL7XJ				2.0, 4 ports	Rev 2.2 4 PCI slots, Rev 1.0 2 PCI-X slots + 2 PCI-X devices

 

9xx chipsets(芯片组) and 3/4 系列 chipsets

Pentium 4/Pentium D/Pentium EE chipsets

下表列出的所有芯片组

• 不支持 SMP
• 支持 南桥的(-R 和 -DH) 变体 
• FSB: 前端总线

Chipset	代号	零件号	规格编号	南桥	发布日期	支持的处理器	FSB [MT/s]	内存		Parity / ECC	Graphics		TDP [W]
								类型	max. [GB]		PCIe	integrated core
910GL	Grantsdale-GL	82910GL (GMCH)	SL7W4 (B1) SL8AR (C2) SL8BV (C2)	ICH6/ICH6R	September 2004	Pentium 4, Celeron, Celeron D	533	DDR 333/400	2	No/No	—	GMA 900	16.3
915GL		82915GL (GMCH)	SL8CK (C2) SL8CL SL8DC (C2)		March 2005	Pentium 4, Celeron D	533/800		4
915PL	Grantsdale-PL	82915PL (MCH)	SL8D6 (C2) SL8DD (C2)						2		×16	—
915P	Grantsdale	82915P (MCH)	SL7LY (B1) SL8AS (C2) SL8BW (C2)		June 2004			DDR 333/400, DDR2 400/533	4
915G	Grantsdale-G	82915G (GMCH)	SL7LX (B1) SL8AT (C2) SL8BU (C2)									GMA 900
915GV	Grantsdale-GV	82915GV (GMCH)	SL7W5 (B1) SL8AU (C2) SL8BT (C2)								—
925X	Alderwood	82925X (MCH)	SL7LZ SL7RC			Pentium 4, Pentium 4 EE	800	DDR2 400/533	4[*]	Yes/Yes	×16	—	12.3
925XE	Alderwood-XE	82925XE (MCH)	SL84Z		November 2004		800/1066						13.3
945PL	Lakeport-PL	82945PL (MCH)	SL8V4 (A2) SL93C (A1)	ICH7	March 2006	Pentium 4, Pentium D, Celeron D, (Core 2 Duo)	533/800		2[*]	No/No			15.2
945P	Lakeport	82945P (MCH)	SL8FV (A1) SL8HT (A2)	ICH7/ICH7R	May 2005	Pentium 4, Pentium D, Celeron D, (Core 2 Duo)	533/800/1066	DDR2 400/533/667	4[*]
945G	Lakeport-G	82945G (GMCH)	SL8FU									GMA 950	22.2
955X	Lakeport-X	82955X (MCH)	SL8FW		April 2005	Pentium 4, Pentium 4 EE, Pentium D, Pentium XE, Core 2 Duo	800/1066	DDR2 533/667	8	Yes/Yes		—	13.5

 

Pentium M/Celeron M mobile chipsets

Chipset	Code Name	Part numbers	sSpec Number	南桥	Release Date	Supported Processors	FSB总线	Memory Types	Max. Memory	Parity/ECC	Graphics	TDP
910GML	Alviso-GM	82910GML (GMCH)	SL89H SL8AE SL8DX SL8G5 (C2) SL8G8 (C2)	ICH6-M	January 2005	Celeron M	400 MT/s	DDR 333/400, DDR2 400	2 GB	No/No	Integrated GMA 900	6 W
915GMS		82915GMS (GMCH)	SL8B6 SL8B7 SL8G4 (C2) SL8G9 (C2)			Pentium M, Celeron M		DDR2 400				4.8 W
915GM		82915GM (GMCH)	SL87G SL89G SL8DY SL8G2 (C2) SL8G6 (C2)				400/533 MT/s	DDR 333, DDR2 400/533				6 W
915PM	Alviso	82915PM (MCH)	SL8B4 SL8B5 SL8BR SL8CS SL8G3 (C2) SL8G7 (C2)								PCI Express ×16	5.5 W

Core/Core 2 mobile chipsets

Chipset	Code name	Part numbers	sSpec Number	南桥	Release date	Processors supported (official)	FSB [MT/s]	Memory		Graphics		TDP [W]
								types	max. [GB]	graphics core	3D Render
940GML	Calistoga	82940GML (GMCH)	SL8Z5	ICH7-M	January 2006	Celeron M	533	DDR2 400/533	2	Integrated GMA 950	Max. 166 MHz	7
943GML		82943GML (GMCH)				Celeron M, Core Solo, Pentium Dual-Core					Max. 200 MHz
945GSE		82945GSE (GMCH)	SLB2R		Q1'06	Intel Atom	533/667				Max. 166 MHz	6
945GMS		82945GMS (GMCH)	SL8TC		January 2006	Core 2 Duo, Core Duo, Pentium Dual-Core, Core Solo, Celeron M						7
945GM/E		82945GM/E (GMCH)	SL8Z2	ICH7-M/ICH7-M DH				DDR2 400/533/667	4		Max. 250 MHz	7
945GT[54]		82945GT (GMCH)	SL8Z6								Max. 400 MHz
945PM		82945PM (MCH)	SL8Z4							PCI Express ×16

Core 2 chipsets

All Core 2 Duo chipsets support the Pentium Dual-Core and Celeron processors based on the Core architecture. Support for all NetBurst based processors was officially dropped starting with the Bearlake chipset family. However, some motherboards still support the older processors.

Chipset	Code Name	Part numbers	sSpec Number	南桥	发布日期	Processors	Lithography	Intel VT-d support[57]	FSB [MT/s]	Memory		Parity/ECC	PCIe	iGraphics
										types	max.
945GC	Lakeport-GC	82945GC (MCH)	SL9ZC (A2) SLA9C (A2) SLB86 (A2)	ICH7/ICH7R/ICH7-DH	May 2005	Pentium 4, Pentium D, Celeron D, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual-Core, Atom	130 nm	No	533/800 (last rev.1066)	DDR2 400/533/667	2 GB (some boards supports 4 GB shrunk to 3.27 GB) [*]	No/No	1x16	GMA 950
945GZ	Lakeport-GZ	82945GZ (GMCH)	SL927 (A2)	ICH7	June 2005	Pentium 4, Pentium D, Celeron D, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual-Core				DDR2 400/533	4 GB (shrunk to 3.27 GB due to chipset limitation [61]		some motherboards have ×16　@×4 from ICH7[62]
946PL	Lakeport-PL	82946PL (MCH)	SL9NV SL9QY	ICH7/ICH7R	July 2006					DDR2 533/667	4 GB		×16	—
946GZ	Lakeport-GZ	82946GZ (GMCH)	SL9NV SL9R4											GMA 3000
P965	Broadwater(P)	82P965 (MCH)	SL9NU SL9QX	ICH8/ICH8R/ICH8-DH	June 2006	Pentium Dual-Core, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo			533/800/1066	DDR2 533/667/800	8 GB		×16, ×4	—
G965	Broadwater(GC)	82G965 (GMCH)	SL9P2 SL9R5			Pentium Dual-Core, Core 2 Duo							×16	GMA X3000
Q965	Broadwater(G)	82Q965 (GMCH)	SL9NW SL9QZ											GMA 3000
Q963	Broadwater(G)	82Q963 (GMCH)											No
975X	Glenwood	82975X (MCH)	SL8YS	ICH7/ICH7R/ICH7-DH	November 2005	Pentium D, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual-Core			533/800/1066	DDR2 533/667/8003		Yes/Yes	1x161, 2×8	—
P31	Bearlake (P)	82P31 (MCH)	SLAHX SLASK (B0)	ICH7	August 2007	Pentium Dual-Core, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad	90 nm		800/1066/1333 (P45 unofficial 1600)	DDR2 667/800	4 GB	No/No	1×16 rev. 1.1
G31	Bearlake (G)	82G31 (GMCH)	SLASJ (B0)											GMA 3100
G33	Bearlake (G+)	82G33 (GMCH)	SLA9Q (A2)	ICH9/ICH9R/ICH9-DH	June 2007					DDR2 667/800 DDR3 800/1066	8 GB 4 GB
P35	Bearlake (P+)	82P35 (MCH)	SLA9R (A2)								8 GB		1×16, 1x4 rev. 1.1	—
G35	Bearlake	82G35 (GMCH)	SLAJJ		August 2007					DDR2 667/800			1×16 rev. 1.1	GMA X3500
Q33	Bearlake (QF)	82Q33 (GMCH)	SLAEW (A2)	ICH9/ICH9R	June 2007									GMA 3100
Q35	Bearlake (Q)	82Q35 (GMCH)	SLAEX	ICH9/ICH9R/ICH9-DO				Yes4
G41	Eaglelake (G)	82G41 (GMCH)	SLB8D SLGQ3	ICH7	September 2008	Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad	65 nm	No		DDR2 667/800 DDR3 800/1066	4 GB 8 GB			GMA X4500
B43	Eaglelake (B)	82B43 (GMCH)	SLGL7 (A3)	ICH10D	December 2008						16 GB		1×16 rev. 2.0
P43	Eaglelake (P)	82P43 (MCH)	SLB89	ICH10/ICH10R	June 2008						8 GB 16 GB			—
P45	Eaglelake (P+)	82P45 (MCH)	SLB7Z (A1) SLB8C (A2)										1×16, 2×8 rev. 2.0
G43	Eaglelake (G)	82G43 (GMCH)	SLB85 (A3) SLGQ2 (A3)										1x16 rev. 1.1	GMA X4500
G45	Eaglelake (G+)	82G45 (GMCH)	SLB84
Q43	Eaglelake (Q)	82Q43 (GMCH)	SLB88 (A3)	ICH10/ICH10R/ICH10D	August 2008
Q45	Eaglelake (Q)	82Q45 (GMCH)	SLB8A	ICH10/ICH10R/ICH10-DO				Yes4
X38	Bearlake (X)	82X38 (MCH)	SLALJ (A1)	ICH9/ICH9R/ICH9-DH	September 2007	Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Extreme	90 nm			DDR3 800/1066/1333 DDR2 667/800/1066		No/DDR2 only	2×16 rev. 2.0	—
X48		82X48 (MCH)	SLASF (A1)		March 2008				800/1066/1333/1600

 

Core 2 mobile chipsets

Chipset	Code name	Part numbers	sSpec Number	南桥	Release date	Lithography	Processors supported (official)	FSB [MT/s]	Memory		Graphics		TDP [W]
									types.	max. [GB]	graphics core	3D Render
GL960	Crestline	82960GL (GMCH)	SLA5V (C0)	ICH8-M	May 2007	?? nm	Celeron M, Pentium Dual-Core	533	DDR2 533/667	3/51	Integrated GMA X3100	Max. 400 MHz	13.5
GM965		82965GM (GMCH)	SLA9F (C0)				Core 2 Duo	533/667/800		4/82		Max. 500 MHz
PM965		82965PM (MCH)	SLA5U (C0)								PCIe ×16		8
GL40	Cantiga	82GL40 (GMCH)	SLB95 (B3) SLGGM (A1)	ICH9-M	Sep 2008	65 nm	Core 2 Duo, Celeron, Celeron M, Pentium Dual-Core	667/800	DDR2 667/800, DDR3 800/1066	4/82	Integrated GMA X4500MHD	Max. 400 MHz	12
GS40		82GS40 (GMCH)	SLGT8 (B3)				Core 2 Duo, Celeron, Celeron M?, Pentium Dual-Core			4
GS45		82GS45 (GMCH) (For CULV)	SLB92 (B3)				Core 2 Solo, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Extreme, Celeron M	800/1066		8		Max. 533 MHz	7/8/123
GM45		82GM45 (GMCH)	SLB94 (B3) SLGGN (A1)				Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Extreme, Celeron M	667/800/1066					12
PM45		82PM45 (MCH)	SLB97 (B3) SLGGN (A1)				Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Extreme				PCIe ×16		7

• ¹ Unofficially this chipset support 5GB.
• ² Officially only 4GB is supported. Unofficially many laptops with this chipset support 8GB.
• ³ Low power mode, HD playback mode and Full performance mode respectively.

 

南桥 9xx and 3/4 系列 chipsets

 I/O Controller Hub

Chipset	Part Number	sSpec Number	Parallel ATA	Serial ATA		AHCI Support	RAID Levels	USB	TDP [W]
				3.0Gbit/s	1.5Gbit/s			v2.0
ICH6-M	82801FBM	SL7W6 (B2) SL89K (B2)	UDMA 100/66/33	—	2 ports	Yes	None	4 ports	3.8
ICH6	82801FB	SL7AG (B1) SL7Y5 (B2) SL89L (B2) SL8BZ (C0)			4 ports	No	None	8 ports
ICH6R	82801FR	SL79N (B1) SL7W7 (B2) SL89J (B2) SL8C2 (C0)				Yes	0, 1, Matrix	8 ports
ICH7-M	82801GBM	SL8YB (B0)			2 ports	Yes	None	4 ports	3.3
ICH7-M DH	82801GHM	SL8YR (B0)		4 ports	—	Yes	0, 1, Matrix
ICH7	82801GB	SL8FX (A1) SLGSP				No	None	8 ports
ICH7DH	82801GDH	SL8UK (A1)				Yes	0, 1, Matrix
ICH7R	82801GR	SL8FY (A1) SL8KL (A1)				Yes	0, 1, 5, 10, Matrix
ICH8M	82801HBM	SLA5Q (B1) SLB9A (B2) SLJ4Y (B2)		3 ports		Yes	None	10 ports	2.4
ICH8M-E	82801HEM	SLA5R (B1) SLB9B (B2)				Yes	0, 1, Matrix
ICH8	82801HB	SL9MN (B0)	No	4 ports		No	None		3.7
ICH8R	82801HR	SL9MK (B0)		6 ports		Yes	0, 1, 5, 10, Matrix
ICH8DH	82801HH	SL9ML (B0)				Yes
ICH8DO	82801HO	SL9MM (B0)				Yes
ICH9M	82801IBM	SLB8Q (A3)		4 ports		Yes	None	8 ports	2.5
ICH9M-E	82801IEM	SLB8P (A3)				Yes	0, 1, Matrix
ICH9	82801IB	SLA9M (A2)				No(Yes[66])	None	12 ports	4.3
ICH9R	82801IR	SLA9N (A2) SLAXE (A2)		6 ports		Yes	0, 1, 5, 10, Matrix
ICH9DH	82801IH	SLA9P (A2)				Yes
ICH9DO	82801IO	SLAFD (A2)				Yes
ICH10	82801JB	SLB8R (A0)				Yes	None		4.5
ICH10D	82801JH	SLG8T (B0)				Yes
ICH10R	82801JR	SLB8S (A0)				Yes	0, 1, 5, 10, Matrix
ICH10DO	82801JO					Yes

5/6/7/8/9 系列 chipsets

Nehalem 微体系结构将内存控制器移动到处理器中。对于高端Nehalem处理器，X58 IOH充当从QPI到PCI Express外围设备和DMI到 ICH10 南桥的桥梁。对于主流和低端Nehalem处理器，集成内存控制器（IMC）是一个完整的北桥（有些甚至有GPU），PCH（平台控制器集线器）充当南桥。

以下未列出的是3450芯片组（请参阅Xeon芯片组），它与Nehalem主流和高端处理器兼容，但不声称与核心iX兼容。3400系列芯片组采用酷睿i5或i3处理器，可实现无缓冲ECC存储器的ECC功能。否则，这些芯片组将无法实现无缓冲的ECC功能。

 

LGA 1156

Intel 5 Series

Chipsets supporting LGA 1156 CPUs (Lynnfield and Clarkdale).

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	发布日期	总线接口	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	PCI	SATA	USB	FDI support	TDP
									3 Gbit/s	v2.0
H55	Ibex Peak	SLGZX(B3)	BD82H55 (PCH)	Jan 2010	DMI	1 GB/s	6 PCIe 2.0 at 2.5 GT/s	Yes	6 ports	12 ports	Yes	5.2 W
P55		SLH24 (B3), SLGWV (B2)	BD82P55 (PCH)	Sep 2009			8 PCIe 2.0 at 2.5 GT/s			14 ports	No	4.7 W
H57		SLGZL(B3)	BD82H57 (PCH)	Jan 2010							Yes	5.2 W
Q57		SLGZW(B3)	BD82Q57 (PCH)									5.1 W

LGA 1155

See also: Sandy Bridge chipsets (6 Series) and Ivy Bridge chipsets (7 Series)

Chipsets supporting LGA 1155 CPUs (Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge). The PCIe 2.0 lanes from the PCH ran at 5 GT/s in this series, unlike in the previous LGA 1156 chips.^[70]

Chipset	Code name	sSpec number	Part numbers	Release date	Bus interface	Link speed	PCI Express lanes	PCI	SATA		USB		FDI support	TDP
									6 Gbit/s	3 Gbit/s	v3.2 Gen 1x1	v2.0
H611	Cougar Point	SLH83(B2) SLJ4B(B3)	BD82H61 (PCH)	February 20, 2011	DMI 2.0	2 GB/s	6 PCIe 2.0	No	None	4 ports	None	10 ports	Yes	6.1 W
B651		SLH98(B2) SLJ4A(B3)	BD82B65 (PCH)	February 25, 2011			8 PCIe 2.0	Yes	1 port	5 ports		12 ports
Q651		SLH99(B2) SLJ4E(B3)	BD82Q65 (PCH)	Q2 2011								14 ports
P671		SLH84(B2) (Recalled) SLJ4C (B3)	BD82P67 (PCH)	January 9, 2011				No	2 ports	4 ports			No
H671		SLH82(B2) (Recalled) SLJ49 (B3)	BD82H67 (PCH)										Yes
Q671		SLH85(B2) SLJ4D(B3)	BD82Q67 (PCH)	February 20, 2011				Yes
Z681		SLJ4F(B3)	BD82Z68 (PCH)	May 11, 2011				No
B752	Panther Point	SLJ85(C1)	BD82B75 (PCH)	May 13, 2012				Yes	1 port	5 ports	4 ports	8 ports		6.7 W
Q752		SLJ84(C1)	BD82Q75 (PCH)									10 ports
Z752		SLJ87(C1)	BD82Z75 (PCH)	April 8, 2012				No	2 ports	4 ports
H772		SLJ88(C1)	BD82H77 (PCH)
Q772		SLJ83(C1)	BD82Q77 (PCH)	May 13, 2012				Yes
Z772		SLJC7(C1)	BD82Z77 (PCH)	April 8, 2012				No

LGA 1150

参看: Haswell / Broadwell chipsets (8/9 Series)

Chipsets that support LGA 1150 CPUs are listed below. Haswell and Haswell Refresh CPUs are supported by all listed chipsets; however, a BIOS update is usually required for 8-Series Lynx Point motherboards to support Haswell Refresh CPUs.^[72] Broadwell CPUs are supported only by 9-Series chipsets, which are usually referred to as Wildcat Point.

The C1 stepping of the Lynx Point chipset contains a bug – a system could lose connectivity with USB devices plugged into USB 3.0 ports provided by the chipset if the system enters the S3 sleep mode.

Chipset	Code name	sSpec number	Part numbers	Release date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	Intel VT-d support	PCI	SATA		USB		FDI support	TDP	PCIe M.2 support
										6 Gbit/s	3 Gbit/s	v3.2 Gen 1x1	v2.0
H81	Lynx Point	SR13B(C1) SR177(C2)	DH82H81 (PCH)	June 2013	DMI 2.0	2 GB/s	6 PCIe 2.0	No	No	2 ports	2 ports	2 ports	8 ports	Yes	4.1 W	No
B85		SR13C(C1) SR178(C2)	DH82B85 (PCH)				8 PCIe 2.0			4 ports		4 ports
Q85		SR138(C1) SR174(C2)	DH82Q85 (PCH)									6 ports
Q87		SR137(C1) SR173(C2) SR19E(C2)	DH82Q87 (PCH)					Yes		6 ports	None
H87		SR139(C1) SR175(C2)	DH82H87 (PCH)					No
Z87		SR13A(C1) SR176(C2)	DH82Z87 (PCH)
Z97	Wildcat Point	SR1JJ(A0)	DH82Z97 (PCH)	May 2014												Yes
H97		SR1JK(A0)	DH82H97 (PCH)

 

LGA 1366, LGA 2011, and LGA 2011-v3

单个插槽芯片组支持 LGA 1366, LGA 2011, 和 LGA 2011-v3 CPUs.
Please consult List of Intel Xeon chipsets for further, multi-socket, chipsets for these sockets.

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	Release Date	Socket	Bus Interface	Link Speed[d]	PCI Express lanes	Intel VT-d support	PCI	SATA		USB		FDI support	TDP
											6 Gbit/s	3 Gbit/s	v3.2 Gen 1x1	v2.0
X58 (I/O hub)1	Tylersburg	SLGBT (B2), SLGMX (B3), SLH3M (C2)	AC82X58 (IOH)	November 2008	LGA 1366	QPI	Up to 12.8 GB/s	36 PCIe 2.0 at 5 GT/s (IOH); 6 PCIe 1.1 (ICH)	Yes	Yes	None	6 ports	None	12 ports	No	28.6 W2
X793	Patsburg	SLJHW (C0),[75] SLJN7 (C1)[76]	BD82X79 (PCH)[77]	November 14, 2011	LGA 2011	DMI 2.0	32 GB/s	40 PCIe 3.0		No	2 ports	4 ports		14 ports		7.8 W
X994	Wellsburg	SLKDE (B1), SLKM9 (B1)	DH82031PCH (PCH)	August 29, 2014	LGA 2011-v3						10 ports	None	6 ports	8 ports		6.5 W

• ¹ X58 南桥是 ICH10/ICH10R.
• ² X58 TDP includes the X58 IOH TDP in addition to the ICH10/ICH10R TDP.
• ³ For Sandy Bridge enthusiast desktop platform. Sandy Bridge CPUs will provide up to 40 PCIe 3.0 lanes for direct GPU connectivity and additional 4 PCIe 2.0 lanes. NOTE : This reference number 4 is on X79, which is a Sandy bridge -E, not Sandy Bridge, and PCIe 3.0 only is enabled when an Ivy Bridge-E CPU or Xeon E-5 series is used.
• ⁴ For Haswell enthusiast desktop platform. Haswell CPUs will provide up to 40 PCIe 3.0 lanes for direct GPU connectivity and additional 4 PCIe 2.0 lanes.

LGA 2066

Chipsets支持 Skylake-X processors 和 Kaby Lake-X processors的  LGA 2066 插槽

The C621 Chipset also supports FCLGA3647 socket for Skylake-SP as well as Cascade Lake-W and Cascade Lake-SP processors.

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	发布日期	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	QAT	USB ports		TDP
								6 Gbit/s				v3.0	v2.0
X299	Basin Falls	SR2Z2(A0)	GL82X299	May 30, 2017	DMI 3.0	32 GB/s	16 PCIe 3.0 (for i5), 28-44 PCIe 3.0 (i7), 48 PCIe 3.0 (i9)	?	?	No	Up to 10	Up to 14	6 W
C422	Kaby Lake	SR2WG(A0)	GL82C422	July 11, 2017				24 PCIe 3.0	?				?	6 W
C621	Lewisburg	SR36S(B1) SR354(S0) SR3HE(B2) SR3HL(S1)	EY82C621x		UPI	32 GB/s	48 PCIe 3.0	Up to 14						15 W
C622		SR36X(S0) SR3HK(S1)	EY82C622											17 W
C624		SR36Y(S0) SR3HM(S1)	EY82C624											19 W
C625		SR36W(B1) SR3HJ(B2)	EY82C625							Yes				21 W
C626		SR36V(B1) SR3HH(B2)	EY82C626											23 W
C627		SR36U(B1) SR3HG(B2)	EY82C627											28.6 W
C628		SR36T(B1) SR3HF(B2)	EY82C628											26.3 W

 

Dedicated mobile chipsets

所有Core-i 系列 移动芯片组有一个集成南桥

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	Release Date	Process support	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	Intel VT-d support	SATA		USB		TDP	FDI support
										6 Gbit/s	3 Gbit/s	v3.2 Gen 1x1	v2.0
PM55	Ibex Peak-M	SLGWN(B2), SLH23(B3), SLGWP	BD82PM55 (PCH)	September 2009	45 nm, 32 nm	DMI	1 GB/s	8 PCIe 2.0	Yes	None	6 ports	None	14 ports	3.5 W	No
HM55		SLGZS(B3)	BD82HM55 (PCH)	January 2010				6 PCIe 2.0			4 ports		12 ports		Yes
HM57		SLGZR(B3)	BD82HM57 (PCH)					8 PCIe 2.0			6 ports		14 ports
QM57		SLGZQ(B3)	BD82QM57 (PCH)
QS57		SLGZV(B3)	BD82QS57 (PCH)											3.4 W
HM65	Cougar Point-M	SLH9D(B2) (Recalled) SLJ4P(B3)	BD82HM65 (PCH)	January 9, 2011	32 nm	DMI 2.0	2 GB/s	8 PCIe 2.0	No	2 ports	4 ports		12 ports	3.9 W
HM67		SLH9C(B2) (Recalled) SLJ4N(B3)	BD82HM67 (PCH)										14 ports
UM67		SLH9U(B2) SLJ4L(B3)	BD82UM67 (PCH)	February 20, 2011										3.4 W
QM67		SLH9B(B2) SLJ4M(B3)	BD82QM67 (PCH)						Yes					3.9 W
QS67		SLHAG(B2) SLJ4K(B3)	BD82QS67 (PCH)											3.4 W
NM70	Panther Point-M	SLJTA(C1)	BD82NM70 (PCH)	August 2012	22 nm			4 PCIe 2.0	?	1 port	3 ports		8 ports	4.1 W
HM70		SJTNV(C1)	BD82HM70 (PCH)	April 8, 2012				8 PCIe 2.0	No		4 ports	4 ports	6 ports
HM75		SLJ8F(C1)	BD82HM75 (PCH)							2 ports		None	12 ports
HM76		SLJ8E(C1)	BD82HM76 (PCH)									4 ports	8 ports
UM77		SLJ8D(C1)	BD82UM77 (PCH)					4 PCIe 2.0		1 port	3 ports		6 ports	3.0 W
HM77		SLJ8C(C1)	BD82HM77 (PCH)					8 PCIe 2.0		2 ports	4 ports		10 ports	4.1 W
QM77		SLJ8A(C1)	BD82QM77 (PCH)						Yes
QS77		SLJ8B(C1)	BD82QS77 (PCH)											3.0 to 3.6 W
HM86	Lynx Point-M	SR13J(C1) SR17E(C2)	DH82HM86 (PCH)	June 2013						4 ports	2 ports	5 ports		2.7 W
QM87		SR13G(C1) SR17C(C2)	DH82QM87 (PCH)									6 ports	8 ports
HM87		SR13H(C1) SR17D(C2)	DH82HM87 (PCH)										10 ports
HM97	Wildcat Point-M	SR1JN(A0)	DH82HM97 (PCH)	May 2014					?

On-package mobile chipsets

Every 4th Generation Intel Core and 5th Generation Intel Core processor based on Mobile U-Processor and Y-Processor Lines has an on-package Platform Controller Hub.

CPU On-package Chipset	Code Name	Release Date	Process support	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	Intel VT-d support	SATA		USB		TDP	FDI support
								6 Gbit/s	3 Gbit/s	v3.2 Gen 1x1	v2.0
8 series low-power, premium	Lynx Point-LP	June 2013	22 nm	OPI✕8	Un­known	12 PCIe 2.0	Yes	Up to 3	Up to 4	Up to 4	8	Un­known	No
9 series U-processor line, base[79]	Wildcat Point-LP	January 2015	?	DMI 2.0	Un­known	10 PCIe 2.0	Yes	2		Up to 4	8	Un­known	Yes
9 series U-processor line, premium[79]			?			12 PCIe 2.0		Up to 4
9 series Core M processor line, premium[79]		September 2014	?								10

100/200/300 Series chipsets

• All support Intel VT-d and do not support PCI.

LGA 1151 rev 1

See also: Skylake chipsets (100 series) and Kaby Lake chipsets (200 series)

The 100 Series chipsets (codenamed Sunrise Point), for Skylake processors using the LGA 1151 socket, were released in the third quarter of 2015.

The 200 Series chipsets (codenamed Union Point) were introduced along with Kaby Lake processors, which also use the LGA 1151 socket;^[82] these were released in the first quarter of 2017.

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	Intel Optane Memory support	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports			TDP
									6 Gbit/s				v3.2 Gen 1x1	v3.2 Gen 2x1	Total
H110	Sunrise Point	SR2CA(D1) SR286	GL82H110 (PCH)	Sep. 27, 2015	DMI 2.0	2.0 GB/s	6 PCIe 2.0	No	4	None	None	No	Up to 4	None	Up to 10	6 W
B150		SR2C7(D1) SR283	GL82B150 (PCH)	Sep. 1, 2015	DMI 3.0	3.93 GB/s	8 PCIe 3.0		6	Up to 1			Up to 6		Up to 12
Q150		SR2C6(D1) SR282	GL82Q150 (PCH)	H2 2015			10 PCIe 3.0						Up to 8		Up to 14
H170		SR2C8(D1) SR284	GL82H170 (PCH)	Sep. 1, 2015			16 PCIe 3.0			Up to 2	Up to 2
Q170		SR2C5(D1) SR281	GL82Q170 (PCH)	Oct. 2015			20 PCIe 3.0			Up to 3	Up to 3		Up to 10
Z170		SR2C9(D1) SR285	GL82Z170 (PCH)	Aug. 2015
B250	Union Point	SR2WC(A0)	GL82B250	Jan. 3, 2017			12 PCIe 3.0	Yes		Up to 1	Up to 1		Up to 6		Up to 12
Q250		SR2WD(A0)	GL82Q250				14 PCIe 3.0						Up to 8		Up to 14
H270		SR2WA(A0)	GL82H270				20 PCIe 3.0			Up to 2	Up to 2
Q270		SR2WE(A0)	GL82Q270				24 PCIe 3.0			Up to 3	Up to 3		Up to 10
Z270		SR2WB(A0)	GL82Z270

LGA 1151 rev 2

See also: Coffee Lake chipsets (300 series)

While Coffee Lake shares the same socket as Skylake and Kaby Lake, this revision of LGA 1151 is electrically incompatible with 100 and 200 series CPUs.

The 300 Series chipsets were introduced along with Coffee Lake processors, which use the LGA 1151 socket; the enthusiast model was released in the last quarter of 2017, the rest of the line was released in 2018.

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	Intel Optane Memory support	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports			TDP
									6 Gbit/s				v3.2 Gen 1x1	v3.2 Gen 2x1	Total
Z370	Cannon Point	SR3MD(A0)	GL82Z370	October 5, 2017	DMI 3.0	3.93 GB/s	24 PCIe 3.0	Yes	6	up to 3	up to 3	No	Up to 10	None	Up to 14	6 W
H310		SR409(B0) SRCXT(B0) SRCXY(B0)	?	April 3, 2018	DMI 2.0	2.0 GB/s	6 PCIe 2.0	No	4	None	None	WiFi 5	Up to 4		Up to 10
B360		SR408(B0)			DMI 3.0	3.93 GB/s	12 PCIe 3.0	Yes	6	Up to 1	Up to 1		Up to 6	Up to 4	Up to 12
B365	Union Point	SREVJ(A0)		Dec. 14, 2018			20 PCIe 3.0			Up to 2	Up to 2	No	Up to 8	None	Up to 14
H370	Cannon Point	SR405(B0)		April 3, 2018								WiFi 5		Up to 4
Q370		SR404(B0)		Q2 2018			24 PCIe 3.0			Up to 3	Up to 3		Up to 10	Up to 6
Z390		SR406(B0)	FH82Z390	October 8, 2018

Xeon chipsets

C232 and C242 chipsets do not support CPU integrated GPUs, as they lack FDI support. Officially they support only Xeon processors, but some motherboards also support consumer processors (6/7th generation Core for C230 series, 8/9th generation Core for C240 series and its Pentium/Celeron derivatives).

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports			TDP
								6 Gbit/s				v3.2 Gen 1x1	v3.2 Gen 2x1	Total
C232	Sunrise Point	SR2CB(D1)	GL82C232 (PCH)	September 1, 2015	DMI 3.0	3.93 GB/s	8 PCIe 3.0	Up to 6	Up to 3	Up to 1	No	Up to 6	None	Up to 12	6 W
C236		SR2CC(D1)	GL82C236 (PCH)				20 PCIe 3.0	Up to 8		Up to 3		Up to 10		Up to 14
C242	Coffee Lake	SR40C(B0)	FH82C242	November 2018			10 PCIe 3.0	Up to 6	?	Up to 1		Up to 6	Up to 2	Up to 12
C246		SR40A(B0)	FH82C246	July 2018			24 PCIe 3.0	Up to 8		Up to 3	WiFi 5	Up to 10	Up to 6	Up to 14

Dedicated mobile chipsets

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports			TDP
								6 Gbit/s ports				v3.2		v2.0
												Gen 1x1	Gen 2x1
HM170	Sunrise Point	SR2C4(D1) SR27Z	GL82HM170 (PCH)	September 1, 2015	DMI 3.0	3.93 GB/s	16 PCIe 3.0	Up to 4	?	Up to 2	No	Up to 8	None	Up to 14	2.6 W
QM170		SR2C3(D1) SR27Y	GL82QM170 (PCH)
CM236		SR2CE(D1)	GL82CM236 (PCH)				20 PCIe 3.0	Up to 8		Up to 3		Up to 10			3.67 W
QMS180		SR2NH(D1)	GLQMS180 (PCH)	?			?	?		?		?			?
QMU185				?			?	?		?		?			?
HM175		SR30W(D1)	GL82HM175 (PCH)	January 3, 2017			16 PCIe 3.0	Up to 4		Up to 2		Up to 8			2.6 W
QM175		SR30V(D1)	GL82QM175 (PCH)
CM238		SR30U(D1)	GL82CM238 (PCH)				20 PCIe 3.0	Up to 8		Up to 3	Up to 10	3.67 W
HM370	Coffee Lake	SR40B(B0)	FH82HM370 (PCH)	Q2 2018			16 PCIe 3.0	Up to 4		Up to 2	WiFi 5	Up to 8	Up to 4		3 W
QM370		SR40D(B0)	FH82QM370 (PCH)				20 PCIe 3.0					Up to 10	Up to 6
CM246		SR40E(B0)	FH82CM246 (PCH)				24 PCIe 3.0	Up to 8	Up to 4

On-package mobile chipsets

CPU On-package Chipset	Code Name	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports			TDP
						6 Gbit/s ports				v3.2		v2.0
										Gen 1x1	Gen 2x1
100 series (Base-U)	Skylake[86]	September 2015	OPI x8	2GT/s and 4GT/s	10 PCIe 2.0	2	Un­known	?	Un­known	4	None	8	Un­known
100 series (Premium-U)					12 PCIe 3.0	3		?		6		10
100 series (Premium-Y)					10 PCIe 3.0	2		?		6		6
Kaby Lake (Base-U)	Kaby Lake[87]	September 2016	OPI x8	2GT/s and 4GT/s	10 PCIe 2.0	2	Un­known	?	Un­known	4	None	10	Un­known
Kaby Lake (Premium-U)					12 PCIe 3.0	3		?		6		10
Kaby Lake (Premium-Y)					10 PCIe 3.0	2		?		6		6
300 series (Premium-U)	Coffee Lake[88]	April 2018	OPI x8	Up to 4GT/s	16 PCIe 3.0	3	Un­known	?	Un­known	Up to 6	None	10	Un­known

400/500 Series chipsets

LGA 1200

See also: Comet Lake chipsets (400 series) and Rocket Lake chipsets (500 series)

LGA 1200 is a CPU socket designed for Comet Lake and Rocket Lake desktop CPUs. Like its predecessors, LGA 1200 has the same amount of pins its name would suggest: 1200. Under the hood, LGA 1200 is a modified version of LGA 1151, its predecessor. It features 49 additional protruding pins that are used to improve power delivery and provide support for eventual updates with I/O features.

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	Intel Optane Memory support	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports				Rocket Lake support	TDP
									6 Gbit/s				v2.0	v3.2
														Gen 1x1	Gen 2x1	Gen 2x2
H410	Comet Lake	SRH1D(A0)	FH82H410	Q2 2020	DMI 3.0	×4 (3.93 GB/s)	6 PCIe 3.0	No	4	No	Yes	No	Up to 10	Up to 4	None	None	No‡	6 W
B460		SRH1C(A0)	FH82B460				16 PCIe 3.0	Yes	6				Up to 12	Up to 8	None	None
H470		SRH14(A0)	FH82H470				20 PCIe 3.0	Yes				WiFi 6	Up to 14		Up to 4	None	Yes
Q470		SRH1A(A0)	FH82Q470				24 PCIe 3.0	Yes						Up to 10	Up to 6	None
Z490		SRH13(A0)	FH82Z490					Yes								None
W480		SRH19(A0)	FH82W480					Yes	8						Up to 8	None
H420E		SRH8W(A0)	FH82H420E				6 PCIe 3.0	Un­known	4	No	Un­known	No	Up to 10	Up to 6	None	None	Un­known	6 W
Q470E		SRJ7X(A0)	FH82Q470E				24 PCIe 3.0		6				14	Up to 10	Up to 6	None
W480E		SRJ7Y(A0)	FH82W480E						8						Up to 8	None
H510	Rocket Lake	SRKM2(B1)	FH82H510	Q1 2021		×4[89] (3.93 GB/s)	6 PCIe 3.0	No	4	No	Yes	WiFi 6	Up to 10	Up to 4	None	None	Yes	6 W
B560		SRKM5(B1)	FH82B560				12 PCIe 3.0	Yes	6				Up to 12	Up to 6	Up to 4	Up to 2
H570		SRKM6(B1)	FH82H570			×8†[89] (7.86 GB/s)	20 PCIe 3.0	Yes					Up to 14	Up to 8
Z590		SRKM3(B1)	FH82Z590				24 PCIe 3.0	Yes						Up to 10	Up to 10	Up to 3
W580		SRKM7(B1)	FH82W580					Yes	8

• ^† Connection to the CPU will be reduced to DMI 3.0 ×4 if a Comet Lake CPU is installed. DMI 3.0 ×8 is only available with Rocket Lake CPUs.
• ^‡ Mainboards advertised as H410 and B460 with Rocket Lake support use other 400-series chipsets. (such as H470)^[90]

Dedicated mobile and embedded chipsets[edit]

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes	Intel Optane Memory support	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports				TDP
									6 Gbit/s				v2.0	v3.2
														Gen 1x1	Gen 2x1	Gen 2x2
HM470	Comet Lake	SRJAU(A0)	FH82HM470	Q2 2020	DMI 3.0	3.93 GB/s	16 PCIe 3.0	Yes	4	No	Yes	WiFi 6	Up to 14	Up to 8	Up to 4	Un­known	3 W
QM480		SRH16 [91]	FH82QM480				20 PCIe 3.0							Up to 10	Up to 6
WM490		SRH17(A0)	FH82WM490				24 PCIe 3.0		8							No
HM570E	Tiger Lake	SRKLS(B1)	FH82HM570E	Q3 2021	DMI 3.0	3.93 GB/s	16 PCIe 3.0	Un­known	4	No	Un­known	No	Up to 14	Up to 10	Up to 10	Un­known	2.9 W
QM580E		SRKLT(B1)	FH82QM580E				20 PCIe 3.0
RM590E		SRKLR(B1)	FH82RM590E				24 PCIe 3.0		8								3.4 W
HM570		SRKMA(B1)	FH82HM570	Q2 2021			16 PCIe 3.0	Yes	4		Yes	WiFi 6		Up to 8	Up to 8
QM580		SRKMC(B1)	FH82QM580				20 PCIe 3.0						Up to 14	Up to 10	Up to 10
WM590		SRKMB(B1)	FH82WM590				24 PCIe 3.0		8							No

On-package mobile chipsets

CPU On-package Chipset	Code Name	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed[d]	PCI Express lanes	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports			TDP
						6 Gbit/s ports				v3.2		v2.0
										Gen 1x1	Gen 2x1
400 series (Mainstream/Base-U)	Comet Lake[92]	August 2019	OPI x8	Up to 4GT/s	12 PCIe 2.0	Up to 2	No	Yes	?	Up to 4	None	8	Un­known
400 series (Premium-U)					16 PCIe 3.0	Up to 3			?	Up to 6	Up to 6	10
495 series (Premium-U)	Ice Lake[93]	August 2019	OPI x8	Up to 4GT/s	16 PCIe 3.0	Up to 3	No	Yes	?	Up to 6	Up to 6	10	Un­known
495 series (Premium-Y)					14 PCIe 3.0	Up to 2			?			6
500 series (Premium-UP3)	Tiger Lake[94]	September 2020	OPI x8	Up to 4GT/s	12 PCIe 3.0	2	No	Yes	?	4	4	10	Un­known
500 series (Premium-UP4)				Up to 2GT/s	10 PCIe 3.0	None			?	4	4	6

600/700 Series chipsets

LGA 1700

See also: Alder Lake chipsets (600 series) and Raptor Lake chipsets (700 series)

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes		Intel Optane Memory support	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports				TDP
										6 Gbit/s				v2.0	v3.2
							4.0	3.0							Gen 1x1	Gen 2x1	Gen 2x2
Z690	Alder Lake	SRKZZ(B1)	FH82Z690	Q4 2021	DMI 4.0	✕8[95] (15.76 GB/s)	12	16	Yes	8	No	Yes	WiFi 6E	14	10	10	4	6 W
W680		SRL00(B1)	FH82W680	Q2 2022
Q670		SRL01(B1)	FH82Q670	Q1 2022				12								8
H670		SRKZY(B1)	FH82H670												8[96]	4[96]	2[96]
B660		SRKZX(B1)	FH82B660			✕4 (7.88 GB/s)	6	8		4				12[96]	6[96]
H610		SRKZW(B1)	FH82H610				None		No					10[96]	4[96]	2[96]	None[96]
R680E		SRL2S(B1)	FH82R680E			✕8 (15.76 GB/s)	12	16	No	8	No	Un­known	WiFi 5	14	10	10	4	6 W
Q670E		SRL2R(B1)	FH82Q670E					12								8
H610E		SRL2T(B1)	FH82H610E			✕4 (7.88 GB/s)	None	12		4			WiFi 6E	10	4	2	None
Z790	Raptor Lake	SRM8P(B1)	FH82Z790	Q4 2022	DMI 4.0	✕8 (15.76 GB/s)	20	8	Yes	8	No	Yes	WiFi 6E	14	10	10	5	6 W
H770		SRM8T(B1)	FH82H770	Q1 2023			16	8							8	4	2
B760		SRM8V(B1)	FH82B760			✕4 (7.88 GB/s)	10	4		4				12	6

Dedicated mobile chipsets

Every 12th Gen Intel Core-i mobile CPU excluding HX-series has an on-package Platform Controller Hub.

Chipset	Code Name	sSpec Number	Part numbers	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes		Intel Optane Memory support	SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports				TDP
							4.0	3.0		6 Gbit/s				v2.0	v3.2
															Gen 1x1	Gen 2x1	Gen 2x2
HM670	Alder Lake	SRL2Y(B1)	FH82HM670	Q2 2022	DMI 4.0	✕8 (15.76 GB/s)	Up to 16	Up to 12	Yes	8	No	Yes	WiFi 6E	Up to 14	Up to 10	Up to 10	Up to 4	3.7 W
WM690		SRL2Z(B1)	FH82WM690
HM770	Raptor Lake	SRM8M(B1)	FH82HM770	January 3, 2023	DMI 4.0	✕8 (15.76 GB/s)	28 including PCIe 3.0	28 including PCIe 3.0	Un­known	8	No	Yes	WiFi 6E	14	Up to 10	Up to 10	Up to 4	3.7 W
WM790		?	?

On-package mobile chipsets

CPU On-package Chipset	Code Name	Release Date	Bus Interface	Link Speed	PCI Express lanes		SATA	SATAe	PCIe M.2	Wireless MAC	USB ports			TDP
					4.0	3.0	6 Gbit/s ports				v3.2		v2.0
											Gen 1x1	Gen 2x1
600 series (Premium-P)[97]	Alder Lake	February 2022	OPI	✕8 (15.76 GB/s)	None	12	Up to 2	No	Yes	WiFi 6	Up to 4	Up to 4	10	Un­known
700 series (Premium-P)[98]	Raptor Lake	January 2022	OPI	✕8 (15.76 GB/s)	None	12	Up to 2	No	Yes	WiFi 6	Up to 4	Up to 4	10	Un­known

See also

• Acer Laboratories Incorporated – for ALi chipsets
• Chips and Technologies
• List of AMD chipsets
• List of ATI chipsets
• Comparison of Nvidia nForce chipsets
• Intel Xeon chipsets
• List of Intel microprocessors
• Silicon Integrated Systems – for SiS motherboard chipsets
• VIA chipsets

Notes

1. ^ The Pentium Pro, Pentium II/III, and the Celerons based on them are essentially the same design with minor internal revisions and varying cache designs. Because of this, the same chipset can be used for Socket 8, Socket 370, Slot 1, or Slot 2 designs with any CPU in the P6 family. In practice however, newer chipset designs are usually made only for the newer processor packages, and older ones may not be updated to accommodate for recent package designs. In addition, certain chipsets may be implemented in motherboards with different processor packages, much like how the 440FX could be used either with a Pentium Pro (Socket 8) or Pentium II (Slot 1). A new feature for the latest Intel chipsets is hardware virtualization support (Intel VT-d).^[33] The chipset support for this technology is not very clear for the moment.^[34]
2. ^ The Intel 82943GML mobile chipset unofficially supports Core Duo, Core 2 Duo, and Pentium Dual Core processors as well as 667 MHz FSB, which is a popular upgrade for many older notebook computers such as certain models of Acer Aspire 3680.
3. ^ Remapping of PCIE/APIC memory ranges not supported,^[some physical memory might not be accessible (e.g. limited to 3.5 GB or similar).
4. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Aggregated speed for both directions

References

1. ^ Michael H. Tooley (2005). PC Based Instrumentation and Control. Elsevier. p. 32. ISBN 9780750647168.
2. ^ Ormsby, John, Editor, "New Product Focus: Components: Intel's 82X3X Chip-set Handles Logic Functions That Once Required The Services Of Sources Of Chips", Intel Corporation, Microcomputer Solutions, January/February 1988, page 13
3. ^ Lewnes, Ann, "Welcome 80386SX", Microcomputer Solutions, September/October 1988, page 2
4. ^ Jump up to:^a b c "1989 Intel Microprocessor and Peripheral Handbook Vol 1". Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 2016-07-03. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
5. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-10. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
6. ^ "Time Line 1980-1989". Archived from the original on 2012-01-13. Retrieved 2012-01-14.
7. ^ "82091AA ADVANCED INTEGRATED PERIPHERAL (AIP)". Archived from the original on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
8. ^ Moran, Tom (April 25, 1988). "PS/2 Model 80 Clones Based on Intel Chipset". InfoWorld. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
9. ^ Lewnes, Ann, "Welcome 80386SX", Microcomputer Solutions, September/October 1988, page 2
10. ^ Intel Corporation, "NewsBit: Intel Technology Powers New Tandy PC", Microcomputer Solutions, July/August 1988, page 1
11. ^ Moran, Tom; Scannel, Ed (September 26, 1988). "New EISA Features Set It Apart From the AT Bus". InfoWorld. p. 23. Archived from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
12. ^ Jump up to:^a b Brownstein, Mark (November 13, 1989). "Uncorking the future". InfoWorld. p. 101. Archived from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
13. ^ Marshall, Martin (November 14, 1988). "MCA Multiprocessing In the Works at Intel". InfoWorld. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
14. ^ "Intel Introduces the Second Generation Micro Channel Chip Set". November 29, 1988. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
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