安装postgresql-14.10数据库

PostgreSQL 14 是一款功能强大的开源关系型数据库管理系统，以下是对它的详细简介：
性能提升
在查询优化方面进行了改进，能够更高效地处理复杂查询，减少查询执行时间。例如，对于多表连接查询和包含子查询的复杂语句，PostgreSQL 14 可以通过更智能的优化策略选择更优的执行计划，从而提升整体性能。
增强了索引处理能力，支持更多类型的索引操作，进一步提高数据检索速度。比如，在处理包含大量文本数据的列时，通过合适的索引设置（如 GIN 或 GiST 索引），可以显著加快文本搜索的速度。
功能增强
支持更多的 SQL 标准特性和函数，使得开发者在编写数据库应用程序时拥有更丰富的工具集。例如，新增了一些窗口函数和聚合函数，方便进行数据分析和报表生成。
改进了事务处理机制，提供更好的并发控制和数据一致性保障。在高并发环境下，能够更有效地处理多个事务之间的冲突，确保数据的完整性和正确性。
存储优化
对存储结构进行了优化，减少了数据存储的冗余，提高了磁盘空间利用率。例如，在存储大型对象（如 BLOB 和 CLOB）时，采用了更高效的存储格式，节省了存储空间。
增强了数据压缩功能，能够在存储数据时对数据进行压缩，降低存储成本。特别是对于一些历史数据或不经常访问的数据，可以通过压缩来减少磁盘占用。

 以下是安装操作步骤

1、解压tar -zxvf postgresql-14.10.tar.gz 

 2、创建用户和组

 3、创建安装目录

 4、安装依赖包

 

 

yum install -y readline readline-devel zlib zlib-devel bison bison-devel flex perl-ExtUtils-Embed perl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel pam pam-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel tcl tcl-devel \
openldap openldap-devel python python-devel gcc gcc-c++ rsync icu libicu-devel \
e2fsprogs-devel uuid uuid-devel libuuid-devel lz4 lz4-devel epel-release

 

[root@oracledb1 postgresql-14.10]# ./configure --help
`configure' configures PostgreSQL 14.10 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking ...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']

Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local/pgsql]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]

By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/pgsql/bin', `/usr/local/pgsql/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/pgsql' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.

For better control, use the options below.

Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/postgresql]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]

System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]

Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--disable-integer-datetimes
obsolete option, no longer supported
--enable-nls[=LANGUAGES]
enable Native Language Support
--disable-rpath do not embed shared library search path in
executables
--disable-spinlocks do not use spinlocks
--disable-atomics do not use atomic operations
--enable-debug build with debugging symbols (-g)
--enable-profiling build with profiling enabled
--enable-coverage build with coverage testing instrumentation
--enable-dtrace build with DTrace support
--enable-tap-tests enable TAP tests (requires Perl and IPC::Run)
--enable-depend turn on automatic dependency tracking
--enable-cassert enable assertion checks (for debugging)
--disable-thread-safety disable thread-safety in client libraries
--disable-largefile omit support for large files

Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--with-extra-version=STRING
append STRING to version
--with-template=NAME override operating system template
--with-includes=DIRS look for additional header files in DIRS
--with-libraries=DIRS look for additional libraries in DIRS
--with-libs=DIRS alternative spelling of --with-libraries
--with-pgport=PORTNUM set default port number [5432]
--with-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
set table block size in kB [8]
--with-segsize=SEGSIZE set table segment size in GB [1]
--with-wal-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
set WAL block size in kB [8]
--with-CC=CMD set compiler (deprecated)
--with-llvm build with LLVM based JIT support
--with-icu build with ICU support
--with-tcl build Tcl modules (PL/Tcl)
--with-tclconfig=DIR tclConfig.sh is in DIR
--with-perl build Perl modules (PL/Perl)
--with-python build Python modules (PL/Python)
--with-gssapi build with GSSAPI support
--with-krb-srvnam=NAME default service principal name in Kerberos (GSSAPI)
[postgres]
--with-pam build with PAM support
--with-bsd-auth build with BSD Authentication support
--with-ldap build with LDAP support
--with-bonjour build with Bonjour support
--with-selinux build with SELinux support
--with-systemd build with systemd support
--without-readline do not use GNU Readline nor BSD Libedit for editing
--with-libedit-preferred
prefer BSD Libedit over GNU Readline
--with-uuid=LIB build contrib/uuid-ossp using LIB (bsd,e2fs,ossp)
--with-ossp-uuid obsolete spelling of --with-uuid=ossp
--with-libxml build with XML support
--with-libxslt use XSLT support when building contrib/xml2
--with-system-tzdata=DIR
use system time zone data in DIR
--without-zlib do not use Zlib
--with-lz4 build with LZ4 support
--with-gnu-ld assume the C compiler uses GNU ld [default=no]
--with-ssl=LIB use LIB for SSL/TLS support (openssl)
--with-openssl obsolete spelling of --with-ssl=openssl

Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory <lib dir>
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
CXX C++ compiler command
CXXFLAGS C++ compiler flags
LLVM_CONFIG path to llvm-config command
CLANG path to clang compiler to generate bitcode
CPP C preprocessor
PKG_CONFIG path to pkg-config utility
PKG_CONFIG_PATH
directories to add to pkg-config's search path
PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
path overriding pkg-config's built-in search path
ICU_CFLAGS C compiler flags for ICU, overriding pkg-config
ICU_LIBS linker flags for ICU, overriding pkg-config
XML2_CONFIG path to xml2-config utility
XML2_CFLAGS C compiler flags for XML2, overriding pkg-config
XML2_LIBS linker flags for XML2, overriding pkg-config
LZ4_CFLAGS C compiler flags for LZ4, overriding pkg-config
LZ4_LIBS linker flags for LZ4, overriding pkg-config
LDFLAGS_EX extra linker flags for linking executables only
LDFLAGS_SL extra linker flags for linking shared libraries only
PERL Perl program
PYTHON Python program
MSGFMT msgfmt program for NLS
TCLSH Tcl interpreter program (tclsh)

 

./configure --prefix=/data/pg_home/14_pg/pg_base --with-pgport=15550  --with-lz4 

后面我会用到lz4压缩工具，所以我这里进行编译

make && make install 

 

安装后目录展示

 

 

5、修改环境变量信息

 

 

6、初始化数据库

 

 

 

[postgres@oracledb1 ~]$ initdb -D /data/pg_home/14_pg/pg_data -X /data/pg_home/14_pg/pg_arch -W
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

Enter new superuser password:
Enter it again:

fixing permissions on existing directory /data/pg_home/14_pg/pg_data ... ok
fixing permissions on existing directory /data/pg_home/14_pg/pg_arch ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

pg_ctl -D /data/pg_home/14_pg/pg_data -l logfile start

 

7、启动数据库

 

8、修改postgresql.conf，端口修改为：15550，listen_addresses='*'

 9、修改pg_hba.conf 

 

 

 

后续再配置归档策略……