因域名解析导致数据库连接延迟分析

一、现状记录

[oracle@node1 ~]$ /sbin/ifconfig

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:25:90:04:AB:6B 

          inet addr:192.168.9.140  Bcast:192.168.15.255  Mask:255.255.248.0

          inet6 addr: fe80::225:90ff:fe04:ab6b/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:23530402 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:10959123 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:15308483748 (14.2 GiB)  TX bytes:10087987532 (9.3 GiB)

--IP地址为192.168.9.140

 

[oracle@node1 ~]$ more /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1               ecp-db localhost.localdomain localhost

192.168.9.140   node1.srtcloud.com

--域名node1.srtcloud.com对应ip192.168.9.140

 

[oracle@node1 ~]$ lsnrctl status

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

Start Date                04-NOV-2011 09:08:51

Uptime                    21 days 4 hr. 58 min. 45 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "ecp" has 2 instance(s).

  Instance "ecp", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

  Instance "ecp", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ecpXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "ecp", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ecp_XPT" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "ecp", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ora11g" has 2 instance(s).

  Instance "ora11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

  Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ora11gXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

--说明:ora11g是oracle 11g，ecp是oracle 10g

--当前使用域名node1.srtcloud.com监听

 

[oracle@node1 ~]$ more /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

ECP =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = ecp)

    )

  )

 

ORA11G =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)

    )

  )

--tns也通过域名访问

 

[oracle@node1 ~]$ more /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 211.155.235.201

nameserver 211.155.235.188

--当前有效的dns服务器

 

[oracle@node1 ~]$ more /etc/nsswitch.conf |grep hosts:

hosts:     files dns

--域名解析顺序

二、数据库正常工作分析
1、tns工作：客户端通过tns访问数据库，tns配置的是域名访问，所以需要解析，因为此刻解析的顺序是先利用/etc/hosts解析，所以读取hosts文件，获取到ip，然后访问对应数据库，和监听接触。
2、监听工作：监听的是域名，其实也是通过hosts解析成ip的
3、这里能够正常的工作，是因为hosts文件解析了域名

三、模拟数据库访问延迟

[oracle@node1 ~]$ more /etc/nsswitch.conf |grep hosts:

hosts:     dns files

--先使用dns服务器解析，再使用hosts文件

 

[oracle@node1 ~]$ more /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 11.1.1.1

--无效的dns服务器

 

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus chf/xifenfei@ora11g

 

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Fri Nov 25 14:44:55 2011

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

--会在这里一个很长的时间等待

 

[oracle@node1 ~]$ lsnrctl status

 

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 25-NOV-2011 14:48:26

 

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1.srtcloud.com)(PORT=1521)))

--也会一个长时间的等待

 

--问题原因:就是因为解析域名的时候，先去访问dns服务器，因为该ip非dns服务器ip，所以会一直等待该ip超时，

--然后访问hosts文件获取ip地址（这个就是为什么我们登录或者查看监听状态的时候，会出现如此长的时间的等待）

其实因为dns延迟的现象有很多种，我这里只是举了一个最简单，比较常见的例子，在处理因dns解析的监听延迟的问题上，可以参考下面几点:
1、如果非特殊情况，尽可能使用ip地址在监听和tns中
2、如果是使用域名，请尽可能使用hosts解析，解析顺序配置为files优先（因为dns服务器有很多不确定，不可控因素）
3、如果一定要使用dns服务器解析，请把稳定的dns服务器配置在第一项，尽可能避免出现dns服务器不可达或者不存在该域名的现象

转：http://www.xifenfei.com/2011/11/%e5%9b%a0%e5%9f%9f%e5%90%8d%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%e5%af%bc%e8%87%b4%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e5%bb%b6%e8%bf%9f%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90.html