低代码平台底层协议设计
低代码平台底层协议设计
1. 核心协议架构
1.1 协议分层设计
// 低代码平台协议栈
interface LowCodeProtocolStack {
// 1. 传输层协议
transport: TransportProtocol;
// 2. 数据描述协议
schema: SchemaProtocol;
// 3. 组件描述协议
component: ComponentProtocol;
// 4. 行为描述协议
action: ActionProtocol;
// 5. 协作协议
collaboration: CollaborationProtocol;
}
2. 传输层协议设计
2.1 增量更新协议
// 增量更新消息协议
interface DeltaUpdateProtocol {
version: string; // 协议版本
type: 'full' | 'delta'; // 全量/增量
timestamp: number; // 时间戳
sessionId: string; // 会话ID
operations: Operation[]; // 操作序列
}
// 操作类型定义
interface Operation {
id: string; // 操作ID
type: 'add' | 'update' | 'delete' | 'move';
path: string; // JSON Path
oldValue?: any; // 旧值（用于撤销）
newValue?: any; // 新值
components?: string[]; // 影响的组件
}
// WebSocket 消息协议
interface WSMessage {
cmd: string; // 命令类型
seq: number; // 序列号
payload: any; // 负载数据
metadata: {
userId: string;
pageId: string;
version: number;
};
}
// 命令类型枚举
enum WSCommand {
SYNC_SCHEMA = 'sync_schema', // 同步Schema
OPERATION = 'operation', // 操作
BROADCAST = 'broadcast', // 广播
LOCK = 'lock', // 组件锁定
SNAPSHOT = 'snapshot' // 快照
}
2.2 二进制传输协议
// Protocol Buffers 定义
syntax = "proto3";
package lowcode;
// 增量更新消息
message DeltaUpdate {
string version = 1;
int64 timestamp = 2;
string session_id = 3;
repeated Operation operations = 4;
}
message Operation {
string id = 1;
OperationType type = 2;
string path = 3;
bytes old_value = 4; // 使用bytes存储任意数据
bytes new_value = 5;
repeated string components = 6;
}
enum OperationType {
ADD = 0;
UPDATE = 1;
DELETE = 2;
MOVE = 3;
}
// 二进制Schema表示
message BinarySchema {
map<string, Component> components = 1;
map<string, DataSource> data_sources = 2;
repeated Event events = 3;
Layout layout = 4;
}
message Component {
string id = 1;
string type = 2;
bytes props = 3; // 序列化的属性
repeated Component children = 4;
}
3. Schema 描述协议
3.1 核心Schema协议
{
"$schema": "https://lowcode.dev/schema/v1.json",
"version": "1.0.0",
"metadata": {
"name": "用户管理页面",
"description": "用户列表和操作页面",
"author": "developer@company.com",
"createdAt": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
"updatedAt": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"dataSchema": {
"definitions": {
"User": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"id": { "type": "string" },
"name": { "type": "string" },
"email": { "type": "string" },
"status": { "type": "string", "enum": ["active", "inactive"] }
}
}
}
},
"pageSchema": {
"layout": {
"type": "grid",
"columns": 24,
"gutter": 8
},
"components": [
{
"id": "user_table",
"type": "Table",
"version": "1.0.0",
"binding": {
"data": "{{dataSource.userList}}",
"pagination": "{{pagination}}"
},
"constraints": {
"minWidth": 6,
"maxWidth": 24,
"resizable": true,
"draggable": true
}
}
]
}
}
3.2 扩展Schema协议
// 类型化的Schema协议
interface LowCodeSchema {
// 元数据
meta: SchemaMeta;
// 数据定义
data: DataSchema;
// 页面结构
page: PageSchema;
// 行为定义
actions: ActionSchema;
// 权限控制
permissions: PermissionSchema;
// 主题样式
theme: ThemeSchema;
}
// 数据Schema协议
interface DataSchema {
sources: {
[key: string]: DataSourceConfig;
};
models: {
[key: string]: DataModel;
};
relationships: DataRelationship[];
}
// 数据源配置协议
interface DataSourceConfig {
type: 'rest' | 'graphql' | 'websocket' | 'localStorage';
endpoint: string;
method?: string;
headers?: Record<string, string>;
pollingInterval?: number;
autoRefresh?: boolean;
transform?: string; // JS转换函数
}
// 数据模型协议
interface DataModel {
fields: {
[key: string]: FieldDefinition;
};
indexes?: string[];
validation?: ValidationRule[];
}
interface FieldDefinition {
type: FieldType;
required?: boolean;
defaultValue?: any;
validation?: ValidationRule;
computed?: string; // 计算字段表达式
}
4. 组件描述协议
4.1 组件元数据协议
# 组件描述文件 (component.yaml)
component:
name: "DataTable"
version: "1.2.0"
category: "data"
description: "数据表格组件"
# 组件能力声明
capabilities:
- "sortable"
- "filterable"
- "paginate"
- "selectable"
# 属性协议
props:
- name: "dataSource"
type: "DataSource"
required: true
description: "数据源配置"
- name: "columns"
type: "Column[]"
required: true
schema:
type: "array"
items:
type: "object"
properties:
title: { type: "string" }
dataIndex: { type: "string" }
width: { type: "number" }
# 事件协议
events:
- name: "rowClick"
payload:
rowData: "object"
rowIndex: "number"
- name: "selectionChange"
payload:
selectedRows: "object[]"
# 方法协议
methods:
- name: "reload"
description: "重新加载数据"
- name: "setPagination"
parameters:
page: "number"
pageSize: "number"
# 样式协议
styles:
cssVariables:
- "--table-header-bg"
- "--table-row-hover-bg"
className: "lowcode-data-table"
# 依赖声明
dependencies:
- "axios@^1.0.0"
- "lodash@^4.0.0"
# 兼容性
compatibility:
frameworks:
- "vue@^3.0.0"
- "react@^18.0.0"
platforms:
- "web"
- "mobile"
4.2 组件通信协议
// 组件间通信协议
interface ComponentCommunicationProtocol {
// 事件总线协议
events: {
publish<T>(topic: string, data: T): void;
subscribe<T>(topic: string, handler: (data: T) => void): Unsubscribe;
};
// 数据流协议
dataFlow: {
inputs: {
[key: string]: DataBinding;
};
outputs: {
[key: string]: EventBinding;
};
};
// 方法调用协议
methods: {
call(componentId: string, method: string, args: any[]): Promise<any>;
expose(methods: { [key: string]: Function }): void;
};
}
// 数据绑定协议
interface DataBinding {
type: 'oneWay' | 'twoWay';
source: string; // 数据源路径
transform?: string; // 数据转换函数
validator?: string; // 数据验证函数
}
// 组件插槽协议
interface SlotProtocol {
name: string;
description: string;
allowedComponents: string[]; // 允许放置的组件类型
maxChildren?: number;
layout?: 'vertical' | 'horizontal' | 'free';
}
5. 行为描述协议
5.1 动作链协议
// 行为描述协议
interface ActionProtocol {
version: string;
actions: ActionDefinition[];
conditions?: ConditionDefinition[];
variables?: VariableDefinition[];
}
// 动作定义
interface ActionDefinition {
id: string;
name: string;
trigger: Trigger;
conditions?: string[]; // 条件ID列表
steps: ActionStep[];
errorHandling?: ErrorHandling;
}
// 动作步骤
interface ActionStep {
type: 'api' | 'data' | 'ui' | 'custom';
name: string;
config: StepConfig;
next?: string; // 下一步动作ID
timeout?: number;
retry?: RetryConfig;
}
// API动作协议
interface ApiActionConfig {
method: string;
url: string;
headers?: Record<string, string>;
params?: any;
data?: any;
onSuccess?: string; // 成功后的动作
onError?: string; // 失败后的动作
}
// 数据动作协议
interface DataActionConfig {
operation: 'set' | 'get' | 'update' | 'delete';
target: string; // 数据路径
value?: any;
expression?: string; // 计算表达式
}
5.2 条件表达式协议
// 条件表达式协议
interface ConditionProtocol {
// 逻辑表达式
expression: string;
// 或使用声明式条件
conditions?: ConditionGroup;
}
interface ConditionGroup {
operator: 'and' | 'or';
conditions: (SingleCondition | ConditionGroup)[];
}
interface SingleCondition {
left: string; // 左操作数
operator: ConditionOperator;
right: any; // 右操作数
}
type ConditionOperator =
| 'eq' | 'neq' | 'gt' | 'gte' | 'lt' | 'lte'
| 'contains' | 'startsWith' | 'endsWith'
| 'in' | 'notIn' | 'isEmpty' | 'isNotEmpty';
6. 协作协议
6.1 实时协作协议
// 操作转换协议 (Operational Transformation)
interface OTOperation {
id: string;
userId: string;
timestamp: number;
baseVersion: number;
operations: Operation[];
metadata: {
cursorPosition?: CursorPosition;
selection?: SelectionRange;
};
}
// 冲突解决协议
interface ConflictResolution {
strategy: 'lastWriteWin' | 'manual' | 'custom';
resolver?: string; // 自定义解决函数
}
// 锁定协议
interface LockProtocol {
componentId: string;
userId: string;
timestamp: number;
type: 'exclusive' | 'shared';
expiresIn: number; // 锁过期时间
}
// 版本控制协议
interface VersionControl {
current: number;
history: VersionSnapshot[];
branches?: BranchInfo[];
}
interface VersionSnapshot {
version: number;
timestamp: number;
author: string;
description: string;
checksum: string;
operations: Operation[];
}
7. 扩展协议
7.1 插件协议
// 插件系统协议
interface PluginProtocol {
// 插件描述
manifest: PluginManifest;
// 生命周期
lifecycle: {
install(context: PluginContext): void;
activate(context: PluginContext): void;
deactivate(): void;
uninstall(): void;
};
// 扩展点
extensionPoints: {
components?: ComponentExtension[];
actions?: ActionExtension[];
dataSources?: DataSourceExtension[];
validators?: ValidatorExtension[];
};
}
// 插件清单
interface PluginManifest {
id: string;
name: string;
version: string;
description: string;
author: string;
dependencies?: string[];
compatibility: string;
permissions: string[];
}
7.2 主题协议
// 主题描述协议
interface ThemeProtocol {
name: string;
version: string;
tokens: DesignTokens;
components: ComponentThemes;
breakpoints: Breakpoints;
}
interface DesignTokens {
colors: {
primary: string;
secondary: string;
success: string;
warning: string;
error: string;
[key: string]: string;
};
spacing: {
xs: string;
sm: string;
md: string;
lg: string;
xl: string;
};
typography: {
fontFamily: string;
fontSize: {
sm: string;
md: string;
lg: string;
};
};
}
8. 性能优化协议
8.1 懒加载协议
// 资源懒加载协议
interface LazyLoadProtocol {
components: {
[componentId: string]: ComponentLoadConfig;
};
data: {
[dataSourceId: string]: DataLoadConfig;
};
}
interface ComponentLoadConfig {
priority: 'high' | 'medium' | 'low';
conditions?: string[]; // 加载条件
placeholder?: string; // 占位组件
}
// 缓存协议
interface CacheProtocol {
strategy: 'memory' | 'localStorage' | 'indexedDB';
ttl: number; // 缓存时间
maxSize?: number;
invalidateOn?: string[]; // 失效条件
}
9. 安全协议
9.1 权限控制协议
// 权限描述协议
interface PermissionProtocol {
roles: RoleDefinition[];
policies: Policy[];
resources: Resource[];
}
interface RoleDefinition {
name: string;
permissions: string[];
inherits?: string[];
}
interface Policy {
effect: 'allow' | 'deny';
actions: string[];
resources: string[];
conditions?: ConditionGroup;
}
// 数据安全协议
interface DataSecurity {
encryption: {
algorithm: string;
key: string;
};
masking: {
fields: string[];
strategy: 'partial' | 'full' | 'hash';
};
audit: {
enabled: boolean;
logOperations: boolean;
};
}
10. 协议版本管理
10.1 版本协商协议
// 版本协商
interface VersionNegotiation {
clientVersion: string;
supportedVersions: string[];
fallbackVersion?: string;
}
// 协议升级
interface ProtocolUpgrade {
fromVersion: string;
toVersion: string;
migrationScript?: string;
breakingChanges: string[];
deprecated: string[];
}
这种底层协议设计提供了：
- 标准化：统一的组件、数据、行为描述
- 可扩展性：支持插件和自定义协议
- 高性能：增量更新、二进制传输
- 协作能力：实时协作和冲突解决
- 安全性：完整的权限和数据安全控制
- 兼容性：版本管理和迁移支持
这些协议构成了低代码平台的"语言"，使得不同模块能够高效协作，支持复杂的应用场景。
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