[1128] Git Commands

Ref: Git Essential Tranining - LinkedIn Learning

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Here's a detailed guide to essential Git commands, organized by category, with explanations and examples to help you understand how and when to use them:

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🛠️ Setup & Configuration

Command	Description	Example
git config --global user.name "Your Name"	Sets your Git username (global)	Identify yourself to Git
git config --global user.email "you@example.com"	Sets your Git email (global)	Used in commit metadata
git config --list	Shows current Git config	Useful for verifying settings

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📁 Repository Initialization & Cloning

Command	Description	Example
git init	Initializes a new Git repo in current directory	git init
git clone <repo-url>	Clones an existing repo from remote	git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git

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📄 Staging & Committing Changes

Command	Description	Example
git status	Shows current changes (staged, unstaged, untracked)	git status
git add <file>	Stages a file for commit	git add index.html
git add .	Stages all changes in current directory	git add .
git commit -m "message"	Commits staged changes with a message	git commit -m "Fix login bug"

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🔄 Branching & Merging

Command	Description	Example
git branch	Lists all branches	git branch
git branch <name>	Creates a new branch	git branch feature-x
git checkout <name>	Switches to a branch	git checkout main
git merge <name>	Merges another branch into current	git merge feature-x

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🌐 Remote Repositories

Command	Description	Example
git remote -v	Lists remote URLs	git remote -v
git push origin <branch>	Pushes local branch to remote	git push origin main
git pull	Fetches and merges remote changes	git pull
git fetch	Fetches remote changes (no merge)	git fetch origin

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🧹 Undoing Changes

Command	Description	Example
git reset <file>	Unstages a file	git reset index.html
git checkout -- <file>	Discards local changes	git checkout -- style.css
git revert <commit>	Reverts a specific commit	git revert abc1234

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🕵️ History & Inspection

Command	Description	Example
git log	Shows commit history	git log --oneline
git diff	Shows changes between commits or working tree	git diff HEAD
git show <commit>	Shows details of a specific commit	git show abc1234

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