[1095] Git working flow

Ref: How does Git work? Git Tutorial for Beginners

Ref: Git summary: how to use basic git commands

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• Workspace: it’s the place where you see in your computer system, or the directory where you check out your files. Files in the workspace could be added to the Git by using git add command. Basically it could be any folders in your computer.
• Index: it’s also called stating area. It’s an invisible space where you can add files that you want to commit. To add commit, you can use git commit command.
• Local repository: it’s also an invisible repository. Actually it’s stored in the .git folder, which is hidden in the folder you created.
• Remote repository: this could be another computer, or it could be the server of others, such as Github, which we can consider it as a remote repository. To access to the remote repository, git push or git pull could be used.

In addition, we also need to be familiar with some other common concepts in Git.

• Branch: it’s used to create another line of code. Usually it’s for creating another new feature. Once the new feature has completed, it can be merged back the the master branch.
• Master Branch: we can consider it as the main branch/code to work on. You can add other branches if needed. But the whole project can only have one master branch.
• Commit: it holds the current state of the repository. It can be considered as a node of a linked-list. Every commit has a pointer to the parent commit object. You can go back to the parent commit object by changing the pointer.
• HEAD: it is the pointer to the most recent commit on the current branch. It’s actually a hash value of current commit, which is calculated by SHA-1 hash on a file with a hash value of 160 bits that uniquely identifies the contents of the file.