【541】shapely 相关功能
参考:Shapely用户手册
1. 构建集合图形以及获取集合图形点信息
得到点集合,适合后面的处理。
poly_1 = Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 2), (2, 2), (2, 0)]) # 获取多边形外边坐标信息,最后是闭合的 # 类似列表,不过里面是 tuple,按照 xy 顺序显示 poly_1.exterior.coords[:] # 输出结果如下: # [(0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 2.0), (2.0, 2.0), (2.0, 0.0), (0.0, 0.0)] pts = poly_1.exterior.coords type(pts) # 输出结果 # shapely.coords.CoordinateSequence
2. 多边形显示
最后一句保证显示按照比例
from matplotlib import pyplot
from shapely.geometry import Point
from descartes import PolygonPatch
import numpy as np
fig = pyplot.figure(1, dpi=90)
ax = fig.add_subplot(121)
patch1 = PolygonPatch(poly_1, alpha=0.5, zorder=1)
ax.add_patch(patch1)
patch2 = PolygonPatch(poly_2, alpha=0.5, zorder=1)
ax.add_patch(patch2)
patchc = PolygonPatch(poly_1.intersection(poly_2) , alpha=0.5, zorder=2)
ax.add_patch(patchc)
pyplot.xlim((-1, 4))
pyplot.ylim((-1, 3))
ax.set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')

from matplotlib import pyplot
from shapely.geometry import Point
from descartes import PolygonPatch
import numpy as np
fig = pyplot.figure(1, dpi=90)
ax = fig.add_subplot(121)
ax.add_patch(PolygonPatch(poly_1.buffer(0.5), alpha=0.5, zorder=1))
patch1 = PolygonPatch(poly_1, alpha=0.5, zorder=1)
ax.add_patch(patch1)
pyplot.xlim((-1, 3))
pyplot.ylim((-1, 3))
ax.set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')

from matplotlib import pyplot
from shapely.geometry import Point
from descartes import PolygonPatch
import numpy as np
fig = pyplot.figure(1, dpi=90)
a = Point(1, 1).buffer(1.5)
b = Point(2, 1).buffer(1.5)
# 1
ax = fig.add_subplot(121)
patch1 = PolygonPatch(a, alpha=0.5, zorder=1)
ax.add_patch(patch1)
patch2 = PolygonPatch(b, alpha=0.5, zorder=1)
ax.add_patch(patch2)
c = a.union(b)
patchc = PolygonPatch(c, alpha=0.5, zorder=2)
ax.add_patch(patchc)
#pyplot.xlim((-1, 4))
#pyplot.ylim((-1, 3))
pyplot.xticks(np.arange(-1, 5, 1))
pyplot.yticks(np.arange(-1, 4, 1))
ax.set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')

3. 多边形分割
可以将多边形通过折线来分割
参考:Cut a polygon with two lines in Shapely
切割后得到一个多边形集合,通过遍历可以获取每一个 geometry 的具体信息。
from shapely.geometry import Polygon, Point, LineString
poly_1 = Polygon([(0,0), (0,2), (2,2), (2,0)])
line_1 = LineString([(-1,0.5), (-1,1.5), (3,1.5), (3,0.5), (-1,0.5)])
import shapely
# 通过线可以将多边形进行切割
result = shapely.ops.split(poly_1, line_1)
result.wkt
# output:
# 'GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((0 0, 0 0.5, 2 0.5, 2 0, 0 0)), POLYGON ((0 0.5, 0 1.5, 2 1.5, 2 0.5, 0 0.5)), POLYGON ((0 1.5, 0 2, 2 2, 2 1.5, 0 1.5)))'
for g in result:
print(g.exterior.coords[:])
# output:
# [(0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 0.5), (2.0, 0.5), (2.0, 0.0), (0.0, 0.0)]
# [(0.0, 0.5), (0.0, 1.5), (2.0, 1.5), (2.0, 0.5), (0.0, 0.5)]
# [(0.0, 1.5), (0.0, 2.0), (2.0, 2.0), (2.0, 1.5), (0.0, 1.5)]
4. Polygon 被 MultiLineString 切割
典型的应用场景就是路网切割,路网是一段段的折线(LineString)组成的,因此需要切割指定的多边形,从而生成多个多边形,不能通过上面的方法实现。
参考:Divide a polygon into multiple small polygons using a MultiLineString
具体实现的思路是通过密集的 LineString 集合然后分裂转成 Polygon 的思路
from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString from shapely.ops import linemerge, unary_union, polygonize poly = Polygon([(0,0), (4,0), (4,4), (0,4)]) lines = [LineString([(0,1), (1,1), (2,1), (5,1)]), LineString([(1,1), (2,1), (3,3), (5,3)])] lines.append(poly.boundary) lines = unary_union(lines) lines = linemerge(lines) polygons = polygonize(lines)
路网数据

切割后的数据

根据路网,切割望京区域(选取边界区域的线路,然后按照上面的操作获取多个区域,选取面积最大的)


然后根据包含关系,获取望京内部的AOI信息,需要做个buffer,不然有些边界的区域会出错

5. merge 多个多边形
使用下面的方法
- 显示构建 list
- 然后再用 cascaded_union
def get_merge_poly(poly_dict):
"""
获取给定的所有 polys 的合并结果,避免面积重复计算
输入:字典,名称+数组型poly
输出:shapely poly
"""
from shapely.ops import cascaded_union
# 先获取 shapely 格式 list
polys = []
for hull in poly_dict.values():
poly = Polygon([(pt[1], pt[0]) for pt in hull])
polys.append(poly)
return cascaded_union(polys)
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