消息中间件RabbitMQ26_Spring整合RabbitMQ5
一、Spring整合RabbitMQ
需求：使用 Spring 整合 RabbitMQ
步骤：
生产者
①创建生产者工程
②添加依赖
③配置整合
④编写代码发送消息
消费者
①创建生产者工程
②添加依赖
③配置整合
④编写消息监听器
代码实现：
1、生产者发送消息：
第一步：创建maven工程：spring-rabbitmq-producers
第二步：添加pom依赖：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-producers</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
第三步：编写配置文件resources/rabbitmq.properties
rabbitmq.host=192.168.240.132 rabbitmq.port=5672 rabbitmq.username=heima rabbitmq.password=heima rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast
第四步：编写spring配置文件resources/spring-rabbitmq-producer.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd"> <!--加载配置文件--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:rabbitmq.properties"/> <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory --> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}" port="${rabbitmq.port}" username="${rabbitmq.username}" password="${rabbitmq.password}" virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/> <!--定义管理交换机、队列--> <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/> <!--简单模式--> <!--定义持久化队列，不存在则自动创建；不绑定到交换机则绑定到默认交换机 默认交换机类型为direct，名字为：""，路由键为队列的名称 --> <!-- id：bean的名称 name：queue的名称 auto-declare：自动创建 auto-delete：自动删除。最后一个消费者和该队列断开连接后，自动删除队列 durable：是否持久化 exclusive：是否独占 --> <rabbit:queue id="spring_queue" name="spring_queue" auto-declare="true"/> <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~广播；所有队列都能收到消息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_1" name="spring_fanout_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_2" name="spring_fanout_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播类型交换机；并绑定上述两个队列--> <rabbit:fanout-exchange id="spring_fanout_exchange" name="spring_fanout_exchange" auto-declare="true"> <rabbit:bindings> <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1"/> <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:fanout-exchange> <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Routing模式~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --> <rabbit:queue id="spring_direct_queue_1" name="spring_direct_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/> <rabbit:queue id="spring_direct_queue_2" name="spring_direct_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/> <rabbit:direct-exchange id="spring_direct_exchange" name="spring_direct_exchange" auto-declare="true"> <rabbit:bindings> <!--direct类型的交换机绑定队列 key:路由key queue：队列名称--> <rabbit:binding queue="spring_direct_queue_1" key="error"></rabbit:binding> <rabbit:binding queue="spring_direct_queue_2" key="error"></rabbit:binding> <rabbit:binding queue="spring_direct_queue_2" key="info"></rabbit:binding> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:direct-exchange> <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~通配符；*匹配一个单词，#匹配多个单词 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_star" name="spring_topic_queue_star" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well" name="spring_topic_queue_well" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well2" name="spring_topic_queue_well2" auto-declare="true"/> <rabbit:topic-exchange id="spring_topic_exchange" name="spring_topic_exchange" auto-declare="true"> <rabbit:bindings> <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.*" queue="spring_topic_queue_star"/> <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well"/> <rabbit:binding pattern="itcast.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well2"/> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:topic-exchange> <!--定义rabbitTemplate对象操作可以在代码中方便发送消息--> <rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/> </beans>
第五步：编写发送消息
package com.itheima; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-rabbitmq-producer.xml") public class ProducerTest { //1、注入 RabbitTemplate @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //发送简单消息 @Test public void testHelloWord(){ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_queue","hello word spring..."); } //发送fanout消息 @Test public void testFanout(){ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_fanout_exchange","","spring fanout..."); } //发送direct消息 @Test public void testDirect(){ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_direct_exchange","error","spring direct..."); } //发送topic消息 @Test public void testTopic(){ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange","heima.hehe.haha","spring topic..."); } }
执行testHelloWord、testFanout、testDirect、testTopic测试，RabbitMQ管控台查看消息
2、消费者接收数据
第一步：创建maven工程：spring-rabbitmq-consumers
第二步：添加pom依赖，同spring-rabbitmq-producers一样
第三步：配置resources/rabbitmq.properties
rabbitmq.host=192.168.240.132 rabbitmq.port=5672 rabbitmq.username=heima rabbitmq.password=heima rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast
第四步：配置spring配置文件resources/spring-rabbitmq-consumer.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd"> <!--加载配置文件--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:rabbitmq.properties"/> <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory --> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}" port="${rabbitmq.port}" username="${rabbitmq.username}" password="${rabbitmq.password}" virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/> <bean id="springQueueListener" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.SpringQueueListener"/> <bean id="fanoutListener1" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener1"/> <bean id="fanoutListener2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener2"/> <bean id="directListener1" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.DirectListenser1"/> <bean id="directListener2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.DirectListenser2"/> <bean id="topicListenerStar" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerStar"/> <bean id="topicListenerWell" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell"/> <bean id="topicListenerWell2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell2"/> <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" auto-declare="true"> <rabbit:listener ref="springQueueListener" queue-names="spring_queue"/> <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener1" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_1"/> <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener2" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_2"/> <rabbit:listener ref="directListener1" queue-names="spring_direct_queue_1"/> <rabbit:listener ref="directListener2" queue-names="spring_direct_queue_2"/> <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerStar" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_star"/> <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well"/> <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell2" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well2"/> </rabbit:listener-container> </beans>
第五步：编写消息监听器
package com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener; public class SpringQueueListener implements MessageListener { @Override public void onMessage(Message message) { //打印消息 System.out.println(new String(message.getBody())); } }
package com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener; public class FanoutListener1 implements MessageListener { @Override public void onMessage(Message message) { System.out.println(new String(message.getBody())); } }
其他监听器也是这么实现，取到消息打印出来
第六步：测试监听器
package com.itheima; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-rabbitmq-consumer.xml") public class ConsumerTest { @Test public void test1(){ boolean flag = true; while (true){ } } }
执行test1，控制台输出消息数据，消费成功：
二、小结
- SpringBoot提供了快速整合RabbitMQ的方式
- 基本信息在yml中配置，队列交换机以及绑定关系在配置类中使用Bean的方式配置
- 生产段直接注入RabbitTemplate完成消息发送（Spring 提供 RabbitTemplate 简化发送消息 API）
- 消费段直接使用@RabbitListener完成消息接收（使用监听机制简化消费者编码）
