2005 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 1 解析

2005 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 1 解析

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. [1]          

翻译：每个人都喜欢大幅加薪。

1. a fat pay rise 丰厚的加薪；涨得很高的工资；大幅加薪。

Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. [2]   

翻译：但是，如果你得知同事得到的加薪更多，你对你自身加薪的喜悦感就会消失殆尽。

1. at your own, 介词短语作定语，修饰 pleasure。

2. if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. 是 if 引导的条件状语从句。

3. that a colleague has been given a bigger one. 是 that 引导的从句，作 learn 的宾语。

Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. [3]

翻译：实际上，如果他有一个做事马虎偷懒的坏名声，你甚至可能还会感到气愤。

1. if he has a reputation for slacking, 是 if 引导的条件状语从句。

2. have a reputation for 因… 而著称；有… 的名声。

3. for slacking, 介词短语作定语，修饰 a reputation。

4. be outraged 被激怒；感到气愤。

Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. [4]

翻译：人们认为这种行为是 “人之常情”，与之伴随的是这样一种基本假设：其它动物不具备这种细腻而发达的不满情绪。

1. be regarded as 被认为是；被当做是。

2. as "all too human", 是介词短语作主语 Such behaviour 的补语。

3. all too human 太过人性的；人之常情。

4. with the underlying assumption (that...), 是介词短语作伴随状语。

5. underlying assumption 隐含的设想；基本假设。

6. that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. 是 that 引导的同位语从句，修饰 the underlying assumption。

7. be capable of 能够；有能力。

8. sense of grievance 不满意识。 

But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well. [5]   

翻译：但是，由佐治亚州亚特兰大 Emory 大学的 Sarah Brosnan 和 Frans de Waal 进行的一项研究表明，它也是 “猴之常情”，这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》期刊上。

1. by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal /of Emory University /in Atlanta, Georgia, 介词短语作定语，修饰 a study /Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal /Emory University。

2. which has just been published in Nature, 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 a study。

3. in Nature, 介词短语作地点状语。

4. that it all too monkey, as well. 是 that 引导的从句，作 suggests 的宾语。

5. all too monkey 猴之常情；对应 all too human 太过人性的；人之常情。

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. [6]

翻译：研究人员对棕色雌性卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。

1. the behaviour of ... 的行为。

2. of female brown capuchin monkeys. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the behaviour。

3. capuchin monkey 卷尾猴属；僧帽猴。

They look cute. [7]    

翻译：它们看起来十分可爱。

1. look cute 看起来很可爱；看上去可爱。

They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. [8]

翻译：它们是性格和蔼、具有合作精神的动物，并且乐于分享食物。

1. and 连接两个并列句。

2. good-natured 和蔼的；温厚的；脾气好的。

3. co-operative 合作性质的；联营的。

4. co-operative creatures 合作的生物。

5. share food 分享食物。

Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males. [9]

翻译：首先，就像人类女性同行一样，它们往往比雄性更注重 “商品及服务” 的价值。

1. above all 首先；尤其是。

2. like their female human counterparts, 介词短语作方式状语。

3. tend to do sth. 倾向去做某事；趋向于做某事。

4. pay attention to 注意；重视。

5. the value of … 的价值。

6. of "goods and services" than males. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the value。

7. goods and services 商品及服务。

8. than males. 作比较状语。

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's study. [10]  

翻译：这些特性使它们成为 Dr. Brosnan's 和 Dr. de Waal 理想的研究对象。

1. perfect candidates, 作宾语 them 的补语，意思是：完美的候选者。

2. for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's study. 介词短语作定语，修饰 perfect candidates。

The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. [11]

翻译：研究者们花了两年时间教会这些猴子们用 “筹码” 换取食物。

1. spend st doing sth, 花时间做…。

2. teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事。

3. exchange token 交换筹码 / 令牌。

4. exchange for 交换；兑换。

Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. [12]   

翻译：正常情况下，猴子因为能用石头块换取黄瓜片而感到非常高兴。

1. be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事；乐于做某事。

2. exchange for 交换；兑换。

3. pieces of rock 岩石块；石头块。

4. slices of cucumber 黄瓜片。

However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. [13]

翻译：但是，当两只猴子被放置于两个独立但相邻的房间，让它们能够彼此观察到对方用石头换回什么东西时，猴子的行为变得明显不同了。

1. when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, (so that...), 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。

2. be placed in 被放置在…。

3. separate but adjoining, 形容词短语作定语，修饰 chambers。

4. so that each could observe (what...), 是 so that 引导的目的状语从句。

5. what the other was getting in return for its rock, 是 what 引导的从句，作 observe 的宾语。

6. in return for 作为… 的报答；回报。

7. their behaviour became markedly different. 是主句。

In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). [14]  

翻译：在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜更好）。

1. In the world of 在… 的世界里。

2. of capuchins, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the world。

3. luxury good 奢侈品。

4. preferable to 更可取的，更好的。

So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. [15]   

翻译：因此，当一只猴子用她的筹码换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不情愿仅仅为了一片黄瓜而交出她的筹码。

1. when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。

2. in exchange for her token, 介词短语作方式状语。

3. in exchange for 作为… 的交换。

4. be reluctant to do sth 不情愿做某事。

5. hand over 交出；移交。

6. for a mere piece of cucumber. 介词短语作目的状语。

7. a piece of 一片，一块。

And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. [16]     

翻译：而且，如果一只猴子根本不用交出她的筹码作为交换，就得到了一颗葡萄，那么另一只猴子要么会把她的筹码扔向研究人员或者扔出室外，要么会拒绝接受那片黄瓜。

1. if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, 是 if 引导的条件状语从句。

2. without having to provide her token in exchange at all, 是介词短语作伴随状语。

3. in exchange 作为交换。

4. at all 完全；根本；究竟。

5. either or 要么… 要么…。

6. tossed 和 refused 并列作主句的谓语。

7. her own token, 作 tossed 的宾语。

8. at the researcher /out of the chamber, 介词短语作方向状语。

9. toss out 扔出；丢弃；拒绝接受。

10. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事。

11. slice of cucumber 黄瓜片。

Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. [17]   

翻译：事实上，只要葡萄在对方的房间里存在（不用有猴子真要吃它），就足以引起一只雌性卷尾猴的愤恨。

1. the presence of … 的到场；… 的出席；… 的存在。

2. in the other chamber, 介词短语作地点状语。

3. (without an actual monkey to eat it), 括号内容是介词短语，作伴随状语。

4. be enough to do 足以；足够去做。

5. in a female capuchin. 介词短语作定语，修饰 resentment。

The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. [18]  

翻译：研究人员指出，和人类一样，卷尾猴也会受社会情感的引导。

1. that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. 是 that 引导的从句，作宾语。

2. like humans, 介词短语作方式状语。

3. be guided by 以… 为指导；由… 引导。

4. social emotion 社会情绪；社会情感。

In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. [19]   

翻译：在野外，他们是一种相互合作，集体生活的物种。

1. In the wild 在野外；在自然环境下。

2. co-operative 合作的；互助的。

3. group-living 集体生活；团体生活。

Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. [20]

翻译：这种合作只有在每个动物认为自己没有受到欺骗的前提下才可能保持稳定。

1. co-operation 合作；协作。

2. be likely to do sth 可能会做某事。

3. only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. 是 only when 引导的条件状语从句。

4. be cheated 被骗。

Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. [21]

翻译：义愤填膺的感觉似乎不是人类的专属。

1. it seems, 作插入语，意思是：看来是…；似乎。

2. feeling of … 的感觉。

3. righteous indignation 正当的愤怒；义愤填膺。

4. the preserve of … 的专属；… 的专利。

Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. [22]  

翻译：拒绝一份较少的奖励完全会使这些感觉相当清晰地传达给团体中的其他成员。

1. Refusing a lesser reward, 是动名词短语作主语。

2. make sth clear 弄清楚；解释清楚；使… 清楚。

3. to other members of the group. 介词短语作方面状语。

4. of the group, 介词短语作定语，修饰 other members。

However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. [23]

翻译：然而，这种公平感是从卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立进化而来，还是源自于 3500 万年前这两种生物拥有共同的祖先，这个问题至今仍然存疑。

1. 两个 or 连接的 whether 引导的从句，作主语（主语从句）。

2. a sense of 一种… 的感觉。

3. a sense of fairness 公平感。

4. in capuchins and humans, 介词短语作方面状语。

5. stems from 来源于…；由… 造成的。

6. common ancestor 共同祖先。

7. that the species had 35 million years ago, 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the common ancestor。

8. 35 million years ago, 作时间状语。

9. unanswered question 存疑；未被回答的问题。