2004 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 4 解析

2004 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 4 解析

Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. [1]   

翻译：如今，美国人不太重视才智。

1. today 副词作时间状语。

2. place a high value on 高度重视；对… 给予高度评价。

Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. [2]     

翻译：我们的英雄是运动员，娱乐明星和企业家，而不是学者。

Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education--not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. [3]      

翻译：我们把孩子送到学校也只不过是为了（让他们）接受实用教育——而并非为了知识而追求知识。

1. where we send our children (to get...--not to pursue...), 是 where 引导的从句，作表语。

2. to get a practical education, 是 to do 不定式短语作目的状语。

3. practical education 实用教育；实践教学。

4. --not to pursue knowledge (for...). 破折号内容是 to do 不定式短语作目的状语。.

5. for the sake of knowledge. 介词短语作目的状语。

6. for the sake of 为了；为了… 的利益。

Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find. [4]     

翻译：在学校中，普遍存在的反智主义不难被发现。

1. symptom of … 的症状。

2. of pervasive anti-intellectualism, 介词短语作定语，修饰 Symptoms。

3. anti-intellectualism 反智主义。

4. in our schools, 介词短语作定语，修饰 Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism。 

"Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual," says education writer Diane Ravitch. [5]  

翻译：教育作家 Diane Ravitch 说：“学校总是处于一个实用性重于知识性的社会中。”

1. 双引号内容是引语，作 says 的宾语。

2. in a society, 介词短语作表语。

3. where practical is more important than intellectual, 是 where 引导的定语从句，修饰 a society。

4. than intellectual, 作比较状语。

5. education writer 教育作家。

6. Diane Ravitch, 作 education writer 的同位语，对其解释说明。

"Schools could be a counterbalance." [6]

翻译：“学校可以是一个平衡因素。”

Razitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. [7]

翻译：Ravitch 最新著作《落后：一个世纪以来学校改革的失败》追溯学校里反智主义的根源，得出的结论是：学校根本不是美国人厌恶追求知识的平衡因素。

1. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, 作 Razitch's latest book 的同位语，对其解释说明。

2. left back 离开；落后；左后卫。

3. school reform 学校改革；学校革新。

4. the roots of … 的根源；… 的根基；… 的根本。

5. of anti-intellectualism, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the roots。

6. anti-intellectualism 反智主义。

7. in our schools, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the roots of anti-intellectualism。

8. concluding (they...), 是现在分词短语作结果状语。

9. they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. 是省略引导词的从句，作 concluding 的宾语。

10. anything but 根本不，决不。

11. to the American distaste, 介词短语作方面状语。

12. for intellectual pursuits. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the American distaste。

13. intellectual pursuit 对智力的追求；对知识的追求。

But they could and should be. [8]

翻译：但学校能够并应该作为这种地方。

Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. [9]

翻译：鼓励孩子抵制精神生活会使他们容易受到别人的利用和控制。

1. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind, 是动名词短语作主语。

2. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事。

3. the life of the mind 精神生活；心灵生活；心智生命。

4. of the mind, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the life。

5. vulnerable to exploitation and control. 作宾语 them 的补语。

Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. [10]

翻译：如果不能进行批判性思考、不能捍卫自己的观点、不能理解他人的观点，他们就不能充分地参与我们的民主政治。

1. Without the ability (to think...,to defend...and understand...), 是介词短语作条件状语。

2. to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, 是 to do 不定式短语作定语，修饰 the ability。

3. think critically 批判性地思考；辩证地思考。

4. participate in 参加；分享。

Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "We will become a second-rate country. [11]

翻译：作家 Earl Shorris 认为，如果沿着这条路继续走下去，“我们将会变为二流国家。

1. says writer Earl Shorris, 是插入语，也可认为其余部分是 says 的宾语。

2. Earl Shorris, 作 writer 的同位语，对其解释说明。

3. Continuing along this path, 是现在分词短语作条件状语。

4. second-rate 二流的；二等的；平庸的。

We will have a less civil society." [12]

翻译：我们社会的文明程度也将降低”。

1. civil society 文明社会；公民社会；民间团体。

"Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. [13]  

翻译：历史学家 Richard Hofstadter 教授在他的《美国社会中的反智主义》一书中写道，“学识被看作是一种权利或特权的形式而遭厌恶，” 该书涵盖了美国政治、宗教和教育中的反学识倾向的根源，曾获普利策奖。

1. 双引号内容为引语，作 writes 的宾语从句。

2. as a form of power or privilege, 是介词短语，作从句主语的补语。

3. a form of 一种… 的形式。

4. historian and professor Richard Hofstadter, 是主语。

5. in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, 是介词短语作地点状语。

6. anti-intellectualism 反智主义。

7. in American life, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 Anti-Intellectualism。

8. a Pulitzer-Prize winning book, 是 Anti-Intellectualism in American life 的同位语，对其解释说明。

9. pulitzer prize 普利策新闻奖。

10. on the roots of anti-intellectualism(in), 是介词短语作定语，修饰 a Pulitzer-Prize winning book。

11. on the roots of 以… 为根源。

12. in US politics, religion, and education. 是介词短语作方面状语。

From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. [14]   

翻译：Hofstadter 说，从美国的历史开始，我们对民主和民粹的敦促就使我们排斥任何带有精英主义色彩的事物。

1. says Hofstadter, 作插入语，也可认为其余部分作 says 的宾语。

2. From the beginning of our history, 介词短语作时间状语。

3. the beginning of … 的开始；… 之初。

4. drive sb to do sth 驱使某人做某事；逼迫某人做某事。

5. that smells of elitism. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 anything。

6. smell of 有… 的气味；闻出… 的味道。

Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. [15]

翻译：实用性、常识以及与天分一直被视作比可以从书本里学得的任何东西都高贵。

1. common sense 常识。

2. native intelligence 天资；天分。

3. (more noble qualities) than anything you could learn from a book. 是 than 引导的比较状语从句。

4. noble quality 高贵品质。

Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: "We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing." [16]  

翻译：Ralph Waldo Emerson 和其他一些超验主义哲学家认为学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性：“我们被关在中小学和大学的教室里十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却什么都不懂。”

1. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers, 是主语。

2. Transcendentalist philosopher 超验主义哲学家。

3. thought 是谓语。

4. schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children, 是省略引导词的从句，作 thought 的宾语。

5. schooling and rigorous book learning, 是动名词短语作宾语从句的主语。

6. put on 增加；戴上；穿上；安排。

7. unnatural restraint 不自然的限制。

8. 冒号后面内容是对宾语从句进行补充说明；are shut up, come out 和 do not know 并列作谓语。

9. shut up 住口；关闭；关在里面。

10. in schools and college recitation rooms, 是介词短语作地点状语。

11. recitation room, 朗诵室；教室；课堂。

12. for 10 or 15 years, 介词短语作时间状语。

13. come out 出现；出版；结果是。

14. at last 最后；终于。

15. with a bellyful of words, 是介词短语作伴随状语。

16. a bellyful of 满腹的；满肚子。

17. do not know a thing 什么事情都不知道；什么都不懂。

Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. [17]

翻译：Mark Twain 的小说《哈克贝利费恩历险记》就是美国反智主义的典型例子。

1. Mark Twain 马克 · 吐温（美国小说家）

2. Huckleberry Finn 费恩历险记。

3. anti-intellectualism 反智主义。

Its hero avoids being civilized--going to school and learning to read--so he can preserve his innate goodness. [18]

翻译：该书的主人公逃避教化——不上学和不学习读书写字——因此他才得以保住善良的天性。

1. being civilized 文明；教化。

2. --going to school and learning to read--, 破折号内容作 being civilized 的同位语，对其解释说明。

3. go to school 上学；去学校。

4. learn to read 学习阅读；识字。

5. so he can preserve his innate goodness. 是 so 引导的结果状语从句。

6. innate goodness 善良的天性；天生的德行。

Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. [19]

翻译：在 Hofstadter 看来，才智不同于与生俱来的智慧，是一种我们不情愿去赞赏的才能。

1. according to Hofstadter, 作插入语。

2. according to 据… 所说，根据… 报道；依照。

3. be different from 与… 不同，不同于。

4. native intelligence 天资；天分。

5. a quality we reluctantly admire. 作 native intelligence 的同位语，对其解释说明。

6. we reluctantly admire, 是省略引导词的定语从句，修饰 a quality。

Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. [20]

翻译：才智是我们精神世界中批判、创造和沉思的一面。

1. of the mind. 是介词短语作定语，修饰 the critical, creative, and contemplative side。

Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. [21]

翻译：智慧寻求的是领会、操纵、重整和调节，而才智（则寻求）调查、思考、怀疑、推理、批判和想象。

1. while 连接两个并列句。

2. seek to do 试图做某事；寻求做某事。

School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. [22]

翻译：目前在学校里，才智仍被人怀疑。

1. where intellect is mistrusted. 是 where 引导的定语从句，修饰 a place。

Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who"joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise." [23]

翻译：Hofstadter 说，我们国家的教育体系掌握在那些 “沾沾自喜地、咄咄逼人地宣扬对才智的敌视，并且迫不及待地认同那些看来最没有才智潜能的孩子” 的人手里。

1. country's educational system is in the grips of people (who...), 是省略引导词的从句，作 says 的宾语。

2. educational system 教育制度；教育体制。

3. in the grip of 受… 控制。

4. who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility...and their eagerness..., 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 people。

5. their hostility 和 their eagerness 并列作 proclaim 的宾语。

6. to intellect/ to identify with children (who...), 是介词短语作定语，修饰 their hostility/ their eagerness。

7. identify with 认为… 等同于，与… 一致。

8. who show the least intellectual promise." 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 children。

9. intellectual promise 才智潜能；知识产权的承诺。